2001: A Hacker Odyssey
Bangarorin biyu a gabashin Washington Square Park, Ginin Warren Weaver yana tsaye a matsayin zalunci kuma yana da ƙarfi a matsayin kagara. Sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta na Jami'ar New York yana nan. Tsarin iskar iska irin na masana'antu yana haifar da ci gaba da labule na iska mai zafi a kusa da ginin, daidai da sanya ƙwaƙƙwaran ƴan kasuwa masu yawo da bulo-buga. Idan har yanzu baƙon ya sami nasarar shawo kan wannan layin tsaro, an gaishe shi ta hanyar shinge mai ƙarfi na gaba - teburin liyafar dama a ƙofar kawai.
Bayan ma'aunin rajistan shiga, tsananin yanayin yana ɗan ɗan ragewa. Amma ko a nan ma, baƙon kowane lokaci yakan ci karo da alamun gargaɗi game da haɗarin buɗe kofofin da kuma toshe hanyoyin wuta. Kamar suna tunatar da mu cewa ba a taɓa samun tsaro da kuma taka tsantsan har ma a lokacin kwanciyar hankali da ya ƙare a ranar 11 ga Satumba, 2001.
Kuma waɗannan alamun sun bambanta da ban sha'awa da masu sauraro da ke cika zauren ciki. Wasu daga cikin waɗannan mutane suna kama da ɗalibai daga babbar jami'ar New York. Amma mafi yawansu sun fi kama da ƴan wasa na yau da kullun a wuraren shagali da wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, kamar dai sun zo cikin haske yayin hutu tsakanin wasan kwaikwayo. Wannan taron jama’a da yawa sun cika ginin da sauri a safiyar yau cewa mai gadin yankin ya daga hannu kawai ya zauna don kallon wasan kwaikwayo na tafkin Ricki a talabijin, yana daga kafadarsa a duk lokacin da baƙon da ba ya zato suka juyo masa da tambayoyi game da wani “magana.”
Da ya shiga ɗakin taron, baƙon ya ga mutumin da ya aika da tsarin tsaro mai ƙarfi na ginin cikin gaugawa. Wannan shi ne Richard Matthew Stallman, wanda ya kafa GNU Project, wanda ya kafa Gidauniyar Software na Kyauta, wanda ya ci MacArthur Fellowship na 1990, wanda ya lashe kyautar Grace Murray Hopper na wannan shekarar, wanda ya karbi kyautar Takeda don Tattalin Arziki da zamantakewa. Haɓakawa, kuma kawai AI Lab hacker . Kamar yadda aka bayyana a cikin sanarwar da aka aika zuwa yawancin shafukan yanar gizo, ciki har da jami'in GNU Project portal, Stallman ya isa Manhattan, garinsu, don yin jawabi da aka dade ana jira don adawa da kamfen na Microsoft kan lasisin GNU GPL.
Jawabin Stallman ya mayar da hankali ne kan abubuwan da suka gabata da kuma makomar motsin software na kyauta. Ba a zabi wurin da kwatsam ba. Wata daya da ya gabata, babban mataimakin shugaban Microsoft Craig Mundy ya duba wurin sosai, a Makarantar Kasuwancin jami'a. An yi la'akari da shi don jawabinsa, wanda ya ƙunshi hare-hare da kuma zargi ga lasisin GNU GPL. Richard Stallman ya ƙirƙiro wannan lasisin ne bayan na'urar buga laser na Xerox shekaru 16 da suka gabata a matsayin hanyar yaƙi da lasisi da yarjejeniyoyin da suka lulluɓe masana'antar kwamfuta a cikin wani lulluɓin sirri da mallakar mallaka. Mahimmancin GNU GPL shi ne cewa yana ƙirƙirar nau'in kadarori na jama'a - abin da a yanzu ake kira "Digital Public domain" - ta amfani da ikon doka na haƙƙin mallaka, wanda shine ainihin abin da ake nufi da shi. GPL ta sanya wannan nau'i na mallakar ba za a iya sokewa ba kuma ba za a iya raba shi ba - lambar da zarar an raba shi da jama'a ba za a iya cirewa ko keɓancewa ba. Ayyukan da aka samu, idan suna amfani da lambar GPL, dole ne su gaji wannan lasisi. Saboda wannan fasalin, masu sukar GNU GPL suna kiransa "viral", kamar dai ya shafi duk wani shirin da ya taɓa. .
Stallman ya ce, "kwatancen ƙwayar cuta yana da tsauri sosai, mafi kyawun kwatanta da furanni: suna yaduwa idan kun shuka su sosai."
Idan kana son ƙarin koyo game da lasisin GPL, ziyarci Gidan yanar gizon aikin GNU.
Don tattalin arziƙin fasaha na fasaha wanda ke ƙara dogaro da software kuma yana ƙara ɗaure da ƙa'idodin software, GPL ya zama babban sanda na gaske. Hatta kamfanonin da suka fara yi masa ba'a, suna kiransa " zamantakewa don software," sun fara gane fa'idodin wannan lasisi. Kernel na Linux, wanda ɗalibin Finnish Linus Torvalds ya haɓaka a 1991, yana da lasisi a ƙarƙashin GPL, kamar yadda yawancin abubuwan tsarin ke: GNU Emacs, GNU Debugger, GNU GCC, da sauransu. Tare, waɗannan abubuwan haɗin gwiwar sun samar da tsarin GNU/Linux kyauta, wanda al'ummar duniya suka haɓaka kuma mallakarsu. Kattai masu fasaha irin su IBM, Hewlett-Packard da Oracle, maimakon ganin babbar manhaja ta kyauta a matsayin barazana, suna amfani da ita a matsayin tushen aikace-aikacensu na kasuwanci da sabis. .
Har ila yau, software na kyauta ya zama kayan aikinsu na dabarun yaƙi da Microsoft Corporation, wanda ya mamaye kasuwa na software na kwamfuta tun daga ƙarshen 80s. Tare da mafi mashahurin tsarin aiki na tebur-Windows-Microsoft yana tsaye ya fi shan wahala daga GPL a cikin masana'antar. Kowane shirin da aka haɗa a cikin Windows yana da kariya ta haƙƙin mallaka da EULA, wanda ke sanya fayilolin aiwatarwa da lambar tushe ta mallaka, hana masu amfani daga karantawa ko gyara lambar. Idan Microsoft yana son yin amfani da lambar GPL a cikin tsarin sa, dole ne ya sake ba da izini ga dukkan tsarin a ƙarƙashin GPL. Kuma wannan zai bai wa masu fafatawa da Microsoft damar kwafin kayayyakinsa, da inganta su da kuma sayar da su, ta yadda za su durkusar da ginshikin kasuwancin kamfanin - hada masu amfani da kayayyakinsa.
Anan ne damuwar Microsoft game da karɓawar masana'antu na GPL ke ƙaruwa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kwanan nan Mundy ya kai hari ga GPL da kuma bude tushen a cikin wani jawabi. (Microsoft bai ma gane kalmar “software kyauta ba”, ya gwammace ya kai hari ga kalmar “budewar tushe” kamar yadda aka tattauna a cikin . Ana yin hakan ne domin a kawar da hankalin jama’a daga motsin software na kyauta da kuma zuwa wani yanayi na siyasa.) Don haka ne Richard Stallman ya yanke shawarar kin amincewa da wannan jawabi a yau a wannan harabar.
Shekaru ashirin lokaci ne mai tsawo ga masana'antar software. Ka yi tunani: a cikin 1980, lokacin da Richard Stallman ya la'anci firinta na Laser na Xerox a cikin AI lab, Microsoft ba babbar masana'antar kwamfuta ba ce ta duniya, ƙaramin farawa ne mai zaman kansa. IBM ba ta ma gabatar da PC ɗinta na farko ba tukuna ko kuma ta rushe kasuwar kwamfuta mai rahusa. Har ila yau, babu fasahohi da yawa da muke ɗauka a yau da kullun - Intanet, talabijin na tauraron dan adam, na'urorin wasan bidiyo na 32-bit. Hakanan ya shafi kamfanoni da yawa waɗanda yanzu "suna wasa a cikin manyan kamfanoni," kamar Apple, Amazon, Dell - ko dai ba su wanzu a cikin yanayi, ko kuma suna cikin mawuyacin hali. Ana iya ba da misalai na dogon lokaci.
Daga cikin wadanda ke daraja ci gaba a kan 'yanci, an kawo saurin ci gaba cikin kankanin lokaci a matsayin wani bangare na muhawarar duka biyu da GNU GPL. Magoya bayan GPL suna nuna mahimmancin ɗan gajeren lokaci na kayan aikin kwamfuta. Don guje wa haɗarin siyan samfurin da ya shuɗe, masu amfani suna ƙoƙarin zaɓar kamfanoni masu ban sha'awa. Sakamakon haka, kasuwa ta zama fagen cin nasara. Muhalli na mallakar software, in ji su, yana haifar da mulkin kama-karya na mulkin mallaka da tabarbarewar kasuwa. Kamfanoni masu wadata da ƙarfi sun yanke iskar oxygen zuwa ƙananan masu fafatawa da sabbin abubuwan farawa.
Abokan hamayyarsu sun ce sabanin haka. A cewarsu, sayar da software yana da haɗari kamar samar da su, idan ba haka ba. Idan ba tare da kariyar doka da lasisin mallakar mallakar ke bayarwa ba, kamfanoni ba za su sami abin ƙarfafawa don haɓakawa ba. Wannan gaskiya ne musamman ga "shirye-shiryen kisa" waɗanda ke haifar da sabbin kasuwanni gaba ɗaya. Kuma a sake, tashe-tashen hankula sun yi mulki a kasuwa, sababbin abubuwa suna kan raguwa. Kamar yadda Mundy da kansa ya lura a cikin jawabinsa, yanayin kwayar cutar ta GPL "yana haifar da barazana" ga duk wani kamfani da ke amfani da keɓancewar samfurin software a matsayin fa'ida mai fa'ida.
Hakanan yana lalata tushen tushen software mai zaman kansa na kasuwanci.
saboda a zahiri yana sa ba zai yiwu a rarraba software bisa ga ƙirar ba
sayen kayayyaki, ba kawai biyan kuɗin kwafi ba.
Nasarar duka GNU/Linux da Windows a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata ya gaya mana cewa bangarorin biyu suna da wani abu daidai. Amma Stallman da sauran masu ba da shawarar software na kyauta sun yi imanin cewa wannan batu ne na biyu. Sun ce abin da ya fi muhimmanci ba shine nasarar software na kyauta ko na mallakar mallaka ba, a maimakon haka ko yana da ɗabi'a.
Koyaya, yana da mahimmanci ga 'yan wasan masana'antar software su kama igiyar ruwa. Hatta masana'antun masu ƙarfi kamar Microsoft suna ba da hankali sosai ga tallafawa masu haɓaka ɓangare na uku waɗanda aikace-aikacensu, fakitin ƙwararru da wasannin su ke sa dandalin Windows ya zama abin sha'awa ga masu amfani. Da yake ba da misali da fashewar kasuwar fasaha cikin shekaru 20 da suka gabata, ba tare da ambaton nasarorin da kamfaninsa ya samu a tsawon wannan lokaci ba, Mundy ya shawarci masu saurare da kada su yi sha'awar sabuwar manhaja ta kyauta:
Shekaru ashirin na gwaninta sun nuna cewa tsarin tattalin arziki da cewa
yana kare dukiyar ilimi, da tsarin kasuwanci wanda
ya kashe bincike da farashin ci gaba, na iya haifarwa
m tattalin arziki fa'idodin da rarraba su ko'ina.
Dangane da yanayin duk waɗannan kalmomin da aka faɗi wata ɗaya da suka gabata, Stallman ya shirya nasa jawabin, yana tsaye a kan dandamali a cikin masu sauraro.
Shekaru 20 na ƙarshe sun canza gaba ɗaya duniyar fasahar fasaha don mafi kyau. Richard Stallman bai canza ba a wannan lokacin, amma yana da kyau? Bace dai dan dandatsa mai tsafta, wanda ya taba yin duk tsawon lokacinsa a gaban masoyinsa PDP-10. Yanzu, maimakon shi, akwai wani mutum mai kiba, matsakaita mai dogon gashi da gemu mai rahusa, mutum ne da yake kashe duk lokacinsa wajen aika sakon Imel, da nasihar abokan hulda, da jawabai irin na yau. Sanye da rigar rigar koren teku da wando na polyester, Richard yayi kama da hamada wanda ya fito daga tashar Ceto.
Akwai masu bin ra'ayoyin Stallman da dama a cikin taron. Da yawa sun zo da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka da modem na hannu don yin rikodi da isar da kalmomin Stallman ga masu sauraron Intanet da ke jira gwargwadon iyawarsu. Tsarin jinsi na baƙi ba daidai ba ne, tare da maza 15 ga kowace mace, tare da mata suna riƙe da dabbobi - penguins, mascot Linux na hukuma, da teddy bears.
Cikin tashin hankali Richard ya tashi daga matakin, ya zauna kan kujera a layin gaba ya fara buga umarni a kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka. Don haka mintuna 10 suka wuce, Stallman bai ma lura da ɗimbin ɗimbin ɗalibai, furofesoshi da magoya bayansa da ke yawo a gabansa a tsakanin masu sauraro da dandalin ba.
Ba za ku iya fara magana kawai ba tare da fara aiwatar da al'adun ado na ƙa'idodin ilimi ba, kamar gabatar da mai magana sosai ga masu sauraro. Amma Stallman yana kama da ya cancanci ba ɗaya kawai ba, amma wasanni biyu. Mike Yuretsky, babban darektan Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwanci, ya dauki tsohon.
"Daya daga cikin manufofin jami'a shine inganta muhawara da karfafa tattaunawa mai ban sha'awa," in ji Yuretski, "kuma taron mu a yau ya dace da wannan manufa. A ra'ayina, tattaunawar buɗaɗɗen madogararsa tana da sha'awa ta musamman."
Kafin Yuretski ya ce wata kalma, Stallman ya taso ya kai tsayinsa da raƙuman ruwa, kamar direban da ya makale a gefen titi saboda wata matsala.
"Ina cikin software na kyauta," in ji Richard ga dariya mai girma daga masu sauraro, "bude tushen alkibla daban."
Tafawa tayi tana kashe dariyar. Masu sauraro suna cike da ƴan jam'iyyar Stallman waɗanda suka san sunansa a matsayin gwarzon ingantaccen harshe, da kuma sanannen faɗuwar Richard tare da masu fafutukar buɗe ido a cikin 1998. Yawancinsu sun kasance suna jiran wani abu makamancin haka, kamar yadda magoya bayan taurari masu ban tsoro ke tsammanin sa hannunsu daga gumakansu.
Yuretsky ya ƙare da sauri gabatarwa kuma ya ba da hanya ga Edmond Schonberg, farfesa a sashen kimiyyar kwamfuta a Jami'ar New York. Schonberg ma'aikacin shirye-shirye ne kuma memba na aikin GNU, kuma ya saba da taswirar ma'adinan kalmomi. Ya taƙaita tafiyar Stallman cikin dabara ta fuskar mai tsara shirye-shirye na zamani.
"Richard babban misali ne na wani wanda, aiki a kan ƙananan matsaloli, ya fara tunani game da babbar matsala - matsalar rashin isa ga lambar tushe," in ji Schonberg, "ya ɓullo da wani m falsafar, a karkashin rinjayar da muka sake fasalin yadda muke tunani game da samar da software, game da mallakar fasaha, game da al'ummar ci gaban software."
Schonberg ya gaishe Stallman don yabo. Da sauri ya kashe kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka, ya hau kan dandamali ya bayyana a gaban masu sauraro.
Da farko, wasan kwaikwayon Richard ya fi kama da aikin tsaye fiye da jawabin siyasa. "Ina so in gode wa Microsoft saboda kyakkyawan dalili na yin magana a nan," in ji shi cikin barkwanci, "a cikin 'yan makonnin nan na ji kamar marubucin littafin da aka dakatar da shi a wani wuri a matsayin wani bangare na son kai."
Don kawo wanda ba a sani ba cikin sauri, Stallman yana gudanar da taƙaitaccen shirin ilimi dangane da kwatanci. Ya kwatanta shirin kwamfuta da girkin girki. Dukansu suna ba da umarni mataki-mataki mai taimako kan yadda ake cimma burin da kuke so. Ana iya canza su cikin sauƙi don dacewa da yanayi ko abubuwan da kuke so. "Ba dole ba ne ka bi girke-girke daidai," in ji Stallman, "za ka iya barin wasu sinadaran ko ƙara namomin kaza kawai saboda kana son namomin kaza. Ka rage gishiri don likita ya ba ka shawarar haka - ko menene."
Abu mafi mahimmanci, a cewar Stallman, shine shirye-shiryen da girke-girke suna da sauƙin rarrabawa. Don raba girke-girke na abincin dare tare da baƙon ku, duk abin da kuke buƙata shine takarda da minti biyu na lokaci. Kwafi shirye-shiryen kwamfuta yana buƙatar ko da ƙasa - kawai danna linzamin kwamfuta biyu da ɗan wuta. A kowane hali, mai bayarwa yana samun riba biyu: yana ƙarfafa abokantaka kuma yana ƙara damar da za a raba shi da shi.
Richard ya ci gaba da cewa: "Yanzu ka yi tunanin cewa duk girke-girke baƙar fata ne," in ji Richard, "ba ku san abubuwan da ake amfani da su ba, ba za ku iya canza girke-girke ba kuma ku raba shi tare da aboki. Idan ka yi haka, za a kira ka ɗan fashin teku kuma a daure ka shekaru masu yawa. Irin wannan duniyar za ta haifar da babban fushi da ƙin yarda a tsakanin mutanen da suke son dafa abinci kuma aka saba raba girke-girke. Amma wannan shine kawai duniyar software ta mallaka. Duniyar da a cikinta aka haramta da kuma danne mutuncin jama'a."
Bayan wannan kwatancin gabatarwa, Stallman ya ba da labarin firinta na Laser na Xerox. Kamar misalin kwatankwacin abinci, labarin firintar na'urar magana ce mai ƙarfi. Kamar misalin, labarin mawallafi mai fa'ida ya nuna yadda abubuwa za su iya canzawa cikin sauri a duniyar software. Dawo da masu sauraro zuwa wani lokaci mai tsawo kafin danna kan siyayya ta Amazon, tsarin Microsoft da kuma bayanan bayanan Oracle, Richard yayi ƙoƙarin isar da wa masu sauraro yadda ake yin mu'amala da shirye-shiryen da ba a riga an lalata su ba a ƙarƙashin tambarin kamfani.
An tsara labarin Stallman a hankali kuma an goge shi, kamar hujjar rufewar lauyan gunduma a kotu. Lokacin da ya kai ga abin da ya faru na Carnegie Mellon, wanda wani mai bincike ya ƙi raba lambar tushe don direban firinta, Richard ya dakata.
“Ya ci amanar mu,” in ji Stallman, “amma ba mu kaɗai ba. Watakila shi ma ya ci amanar ku”.
A kalmar "kai," Stallman ya nuna yatsansa ga mai sauraron da ba a ji ba a cikin masu sauraro. Ya d'aga gira ya lumshe ido cike da mamaki, amma Richard tuni ya fara neman wani wanda aka kashe a cikin gungun masu firgita da dariya, yana nemansa a hankali da gangan. "Kuma ina tsammanin watakila shi ma ya yi maka," in ji shi, yana nuna wani mutum a jere na uku.
Masu sauraro ba su ƙara yin dariya ba, amma suna dariya da ƙarfi. Tabbas, karimcin Richard kamar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ne. Koyaya, Stallman ya ƙare labarin tare da firinta na Laser na Xerox tare da ƙaƙƙarfan ɗan wasan kwaikwayo na gaske. "Hakika, ya ci amanar mutane da yawa fiye da waɗanda suke zaune a cikin wannan taron, ba tare da ƙidaya waɗanda aka haifa bayan 1980 ba," Richard ya kammala, yana haifar da dariya, “kawai domin ya ci amanar ’yan Adam duka.”
Ya kara rage wasan kwaikwayo da cewa, "Ya yi haka ne ta hanyar sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar rashin bayyanawa."
Juyin Halitta na Richard Matthew Stallman daga ƙwaƙƙwaran ilimi zuwa jagoran siyasa yayi magana sosai. Game da taurin halinsa da sha'awar sonsa. Game da bayyanannen ra'ayinsa na duniya da ƙima daban-daban waɗanda suka taimaka masa samun motsin software na kyauta. Game da mafi girman cancantarsa a cikin shirye-shirye - ya ba shi damar ƙirƙirar wasu mahimman aikace-aikace kuma ya zama adadi na al'ada ga yawancin masu shirye-shirye. Godiya ga wannan juyin halitta, shahara da tasirin GPL ya ci gaba da girma, kuma wannan sabuwar doka ta mutane da yawa suna ɗauka a matsayin babbar nasarar Stallman.
Duk wannan yana nuna cewa yanayin tasirin siyasa yana canzawa - yana ƙara alaƙa da fasahar bayanai da shirye-shiryen da ke tattare da su.
Wataƙila wannan shine dalilin da ya sa tauraruwar Stallman ke ƙara haskakawa kawai, yayin da taurarin manyan ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun yawa suka shuɗe kuma suka saita. Tun lokacin da aka ƙaddamar da GNU Project a cikin 1984, Stallman da motsi na software kyauta an yi watsi da su da farko, sannan aka yi musu ba'a, sannan aka wulakanta su da kuma sukar su. Amma aikin GNU ya sami damar shawo kan duk wannan, ko da yake ba tare da matsaloli ba da kuma tsangwama na lokaci-lokaci, kuma har yanzu yana ba da shirye-shirye masu dacewa a cikin kasuwar software, wanda, ta hanyar, ya zama sau da yawa mafi rikitarwa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata. Falsafar da Stallman ya shimfiɗa a matsayin tushen GNU shima yana haɓaka cikin nasara. . A wani bangare na jawabinsa na New York a ranar 29 ga Mayu, 2001, Stallman ya yi bayani a taƙaice asalin gagaramin:
Mu hackers sau da yawa zabar funny da ma hooligan sunayen ga
shirye-shiryensu, domin sunada manhajojin suna daya daga cikin abubuwan da ake bukata
jin daɗin rubuta su. Mu kuma muna da al'adar da ta ci gaba
ta amfani da gajarta masu maimaitawa waɗanda ke nuna abin da kuke
shirin ya dan yi kama da aikace-aikacen da ake da su...I
yana neman gajarta mai maimaitawa a cikin sigar "Wani Abu Ba Haka Ba
Unix." Na bi duk haruffan haruffa, kuma babu ɗayansu da ya yi
kalmar da ta dace. Na yanke shawarar takaita jimlar zuwa kalmomi uku, sakamakon haka
Hoton taƙaitaccen haruffa uku kamar "Wani abu - Ba Unix".
Na fara duba ta cikin haruffa kuma na ci karo da kalmar "GNU". Wannan shi ne labarin duka.Ko da yake Richard mai sha'awar buga rubutu ne, ya ba da shawarar yin la'akari da gajarta
a cikin Ingilishi tare da “g” daban-daban a farkon, don guje wa ba kawai
rudani da sunan Wildebeest na Afirka, amma kuma kamanceceniya da
Siffar Turanci “sabo”, watau. "sabo". "Muna kan aiki
aikin ya shafe shekaru biyu ana yi, don haka ba sabon abu ba ne,” in ji shi
Stallman.
Fahimtar dalilan wannan buƙata da nasara yana taimakawa sosai ta hanyar nazarin jawabai da maganganun Richard kansa da na kusa da shi, waɗanda ke taimaka masa ko sanya magana a cikin ƙafafunsa. Hoton halayen Stallman baya buƙatar a wuce gona da iri. Idan akwai misali mai rai na tsohon karin magana "gaskiya ita ce abin da ya bayyana," Stallman ne.
Eben Moglin, lauya na Free Software Foundation kuma farfesa a fannin shari'a a Columbia ya ce: "Ina ganin idan kana son fahimtar Richard Stallman a matsayin mutum, ba lallai ne ka yi nazarinsa ba, amma ka dube shi gaba daya." Jami'ar, "duk waɗannan abubuwan ban mamaki, waɗanda mutane da yawa suka ɗauka a matsayin wani abu na wucin gadi, wanda aka yi la'akari da shi - a gaskiya, ainihin bayyanar halayen Richard. Haƙiƙa ya ji takaici a lokaci guda, yana da matuƙar ka'ida a cikin lamuran ɗa'a kuma ya ƙi duk wani sulhu a cikin mafi mahimmanci, matsalolin asali. Shi ya sa Richard ya yi duk abin da ya yi."
Ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a bayyana yadda rikici da na'urar buga Laser ta yi kamari zuwa gamuwa da manyan kamfanoni na duniya. Don yin wannan, muna buƙatar bincikar dalilan da yasa ikon mallakar software ya zama mai mahimmanci kwatsam. Muna bukatar mu san mutumin da, kamar yawancin shugabannin siyasa na zamanin da, ya fahimci yadda ’yan Adam ke canzawa kuma ba za su iya jurewa ba. Wajibi ne a fahimci ma'anar tatsuniyoyi da samfuran akida waɗanda adadi na Stallman ya mamaye tsawon lokaci. A ƙarshe, dole ne mutum ya gane matakin hazakar Richard a matsayin mai tsara shirye-shirye, da kuma dalilin da ya sa wannan haziƙin wani lokaci ya gaza a wasu wurare.
Idan ka tambayi Stallman da kansa ya zayyana dalilan juyin halittarsa daga hacker zuwa jagora da bishara, zai yarda da abin da ke sama. “Taurin kai shine batu mai ƙarfi na,” in ji shi, “yawancin mutane suna kasawa sa’ad da suke fuskantar ƙalubale masu girma don kawai sun daina. Ba zan karaya ba."
Ya kuma ba da daraja ga makaho dama. Idan ba don labarin firintar laser na Xerox ba, idan ba don jerin rikice-rikice na sirri da na akida da suka binne aikinsa a MIT ba, idan ba don rabin dozin sauran yanayi da suka yi daidai da lokaci da wuri ba. Rayuwar Stallman, da shigarsa, da ta bambanta sosai. Saboda haka, Stallman ya gode wa kaddara don jagorantar shi zuwa ga hanyar da yake kan.
Richard a karshen jawabin nasa ya ce: “Na sami basirar da ta dace,” in ji Richard a karshen jawabinsa, inda ya takaita labarin kaddamar da aikin GNU, “babu wanda zai iya yin haka, ni kadai. Saboda haka, na ji cewa an zabe ni don wannan manufa. Dole ne in yi shi. Bayan haka, in ba ni ba, to wa?
source: linux.org.ru