Kyauta kamar yadda yake cikin 'Yanci a cikin Rashanci: Babi na 1. Mawallafin Fatal
Kyauta kamar yadda yake cikin 'Yanci a cikin Rashanci: Babi na 2. 2001: A Hacker Odyssey
'Yanci kamar yadda yake cikin 'Yanci a cikin Rashanci: Babi na 4. Kashe Allah
'Yanci kamar yadda yake cikin 'Yanci a cikin Rashanci: Babi na 5. Rashin 'yanci
Kyauta kamar yadda yake cikin 'Yanci a cikin Rashanci: Babi na 6. Emacs Commune
Matsalolin cikakkiyar ɗabi'a
Da karfe sha biyu da rabi na daren 27 ga Satumba, 1983, wani sabon sako ya bayyana a cikin rukunin Usenet net.unix-wizards sun sanya hannu rms@mit-oz. Taken sakon ya kasance gajere kuma mai matukar jan hankali: "Sabon aiwatar da UNIX." Amma maimakon wani sabon sigar Unix da aka yi, mai karatu ya sami kira:
Wannan Godiya, na fara rubuta sabon, cikakken tsarin aiki na Unix mai jituwa mai suna GNU (GNU's Not Unix). Zan raba wa kowa da kowa kyauta. Ina matukar buƙatar lokacinku, kuɗi, lambar ku, kayan aiki - kowane taimako.
Zuwa ga ƙwararren mai haɓaka Unix, saƙon ya kasance cakuda manufa da son kai. Marubucin ba wai kawai ya ɗauki nauyin sake ƙirƙira gabaɗayan tsarin aiki ba, ci gaba da ƙarfi sosai, har ma don inganta shi. Ya kamata tsarin GNU ya ƙunshi duk abubuwan da ake buƙata kamar editan rubutu, harsashi na umarni, mai tarawa, da kuma “da yawa wasu abubuwa.” Sun kuma yi alƙawarin fasalulluka masu ban sha'awa waɗanda babu su a cikin tsarin Unix na yanzu: ƙirar hoto a cikin yaren shirye-shiryen Lisp, tsarin fayil mai jurewa kuskure, ka'idojin cibiyar sadarwa dangane da gine-ginen hanyar sadarwa na MIT.
"GNU za ta iya gudanar da shirye-shiryen Unix, amma ba za ta kasance daidai da tsarin Unix ba," marubucin ya rubuta, "Za mu yi duk abubuwan da suka dace waɗanda suka girma a cikin shekarun aiki akan tsarin aiki daban-daban."
Da yake tsammanin za a yi shakku game da saƙonsa, marubucin ya ƙara da shi da ɗan taƙaitaccen tarihin rayuwa a ƙarƙashin taken: “Wane Ni?”:
Ni Richard Stallman, mahaliccin ainihin editan EMACS, ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen da kila kun ci karo da su. Ina aiki a MIT AI Lab. Ina da gogewa mai yawa a cikin haɓaka masu tarawa, masu gyara, masu gyara kurakurai, masu fassarar umarni, ITS da tsarin aiki na Injin Lisp. An aiwatar da tallafin allo mai zaman kansa a cikin ITS, da kuma tsarin fayil mai jurewa kuskure da tsarin taga guda biyu don injin Lisp.
Hakan ya faru ne cewa aikin Stallman mai rikitarwa bai fara ranar godiya ba, kamar yadda aka alkawarta. Sai a watan Janairun 1984 Richard ya tsunduma cikin ci gaban software irin na Unix. Daga hangen tsarin gine-ginen ITS, yana kama da tafiya daga gina manyan fadojin Moorish zuwa gina manyan kantunan kasuwan waje. Koyaya, haɓaka tsarin Unix shima ya ba da fa'ida. ITS, ga dukkan ƙarfinsa, yana da rauni - kawai yayi aiki akan kwamfutar PDP-10 daga DEC. A farkon shekarun 80, dakin gwaje-gwaje ya watsar da PDP-10, kuma ITS, wanda masu kutse idan aka kwatanta da birni mai yawan aiki, ya zama garin fatalwa. Unix, a gefe guda, an tsara shi ne da ido zuwa ɗaukar hoto daga tsarin gine-ginen kwamfuta zuwa waccan, don haka irin waɗannan matsalolin ba su yi mata barazana ba. Ƙananan masu bincike a AT&T suka haɓaka, Unix ya zame ƙarƙashin radar kamfani kuma ya sami gida mai natsuwa a cikin duniyar da ba ta riba ba ta tankuna. Tare da ƙarancin albarkatu fiye da ƴan uwansu na ɗan fashi a MIT, masu haɓaka Unix sun daidaita tsarin su don yin aiki akan gidan zoo na kayan aikin da basu dace ba. Musamman akan 16-bit PDP-11, wanda masu satar bayanan Lab suka ɗauka bai dace da manyan ayyuka ba, amma kuma akan manyan manyan abubuwa 32-bit kamar VAX 11/780. A shekara ta 1983, kamfanoni irin su Sun Microsystems sun ƙirƙira ƙananan kwamfutoci masu ɗorewa—“ayyukan aiki”—mai kwatankwacin iko da tsohon babban tsarin PDP-10. Unix na ko'ina kuma ya daidaita akan waɗannan wuraren aiki.
An samar da ɗawainiyar Unix ta wani ƙarin Layer na abstraction tsakanin aikace-aikace da hardware. Maimakon rubuta shirye-shirye a cikin lambar injin na musamman na kwamfuta, kamar yadda masu fashin kwamfuta na Lab suka yi lokacin haɓaka shirye-shiryen ITS a kan PDP-10, masu haɓaka Unix sun yi amfani da yaren shirye-shiryen C mai girma, wanda ba a haɗa shi da takamaiman dandamali na kayan masarufi ba. A lokaci guda, masu haɓakawa sun mayar da hankali kan daidaita hanyoyin sadarwa ta hanyar da sassan tsarin aiki suke hulɗa da juna. Sakamakon haka shi ne tsarin da za a iya sake fasalin kowane bangare ba tare da ya shafi sauran sassan ba kuma ba tare da kawo cikas ba. Kuma don canja wurin tsarin daga wannan na'ura mai kwakwalwa zuwa wani, ya isa ya sake yin wani bangare na tsarin, kuma ba a sake rubuta shi gaba daya ba. Masana sun yaba da wannan kyakkyawan matakin sassauci da dacewa, don haka Unix cikin sauri ya bazu cikin duniyar kwamfuta.
Stallman ya yanke shawarar ƙirƙirar tsarin GNU saboda mutuwar ITS, ƙwararren ƙwararren ƙwararren AI Lab hackers. Mutuwar ITS ta kasance a gare su, ciki har da Richard. Idan labarin tare da firintar Laser na Xerox ya buɗe idanunsa ga rashin adalci na lasisin mallakar mallaka, to, mutuwar ITS ta tura shi daga ƙiyayya zuwa rufaffiyar software zuwa adawa mai ƙarfi.
Dalilan mutuwar ITS, kamar lambar sa, sun yi nisa a baya. A shekara ta 1980, yawancin masu satar bayanan Lab sun riga sun yi aiki akan na'urar Lisp da tsarin aiki.
Lisp kyakkyawan yaren shirye-shirye ne wanda yake cikakke don aiki tare da bayanan da ba a san tsarin su ba tukuna. An halicce shi ta hanyar majagaba na bincike na sirri na wucin gadi da kuma mahaliccin kalmar "hankali na wucin gadi" John McCarthy, wanda ya yi aiki a MIT a rabi na biyu na 50s. Sunan yaren gajarta ce don "LIST Processing" ko " sarrafa lissafin ". Bayan McCarthy ya bar MIT zuwa Stanford, masu hackers na Lab sun canza Lisp da ɗan, suna ƙirƙirar yare na gida MACLISP, inda haruffa 3 na farko suka tsaya don aikin MAC, godiya ga wanda, a zahiri, AI Laboratory a MIT ya bayyana. A karkashin jagorancin masanin tsarin Richard Greenblatt, masu satar bayanan Lab sun kirkiro na'urar Lisp - kwamfuta ta musamman don aiwatar da shirye-shirye a Lisp, da kuma tsarin aiki na wannan kwamfutar - kuma, ba shakka, an rubuta shi da Lisp.
A farkon shekarun 80, ƙungiyoyin masu satar fasaha sun kafa kamfanoni biyu masu kera da siyar da injunan Lisp. An kira kamfanin Greenblatt Lisp Machines Incorporated, ko kuma kawai LMI. Ya yi fatan yin ba tare da saka hannun jari na waje ba kuma ya haifar da “kamfanin hacker” zalla. Amma yawancin masu satar bayanan sun shiga Symbolics, farkon kasuwanci. A cikin 1982, sun bar MIT gaba ɗaya.
Wadanda suka rage za a iya kirga su a yatsu na hannu daya, don haka shirye-shirye da injina sun dauki tsawon lokaci ana gyara su, ko kuma ba a gyara su kwata-kwata. Kuma mafi munin duka, a cewar Stallman, "canje-canjen al'umma" ya fara a dakin gwaje-gwaje. Hackers, wadanda a baya suna cikin tsiraru, sun kusa bacewa, inda suka bar dakin gwaje-gwaje a hannun malamai da dalibai, wadanda dabi’arsu ta PDP-10 ta fito fili.
A cikin 1982, AI Lab ya sami maye gurbin PDP-12 mai shekaru 10 - DECSYSTEM 20. Aikace-aikacen da aka rubuta don PDP-10 ya gudana ba tare da matsala ba akan sabuwar kwamfutar, saboda DECSYSTEM 20 ya kasance da gaske an sabunta PDP. -10, amma tsohuwar tsarin aiki bai dace ba kwata-kwata - ITS dole ne a tura shi zuwa sabuwar kwamfuta, wanda ke nufin kusan an sake rubutawa. Kuma wannan na zuwa ne a daidai lokacin da kusan dukkan masu kutse da za su iya yin hakan suka bar dakin gwaje-gwaje. Don haka tsarin aiki na Twenex na kasuwanci da sauri ya karɓi sabuwar kwamfutar. 'Yan hackers da suka rage a MIT zasu iya yarda da wannan kawai.
“Ba tare da hackers don ƙirƙirar da kuma kula da tsarin aiki ba, mun lalace,” in ji malamai da ɗalibai. Stallman ya tuna cewa wannan gardamar ta zama kuskuren mugun nufi, amma a lokacin ya yi kamar mai gamsarwa.
Da farko, hackers sun ga Twenex a matsayin wani cikin jiki na kamfani mai mulki da suke so su karya. Ko da sunan ya nuna ƙiyayyar hackers - a gaskiya, ana kiran tsarin TOPS-20, yana nuna ci gaba tare da TOPS-10, kuma tsarin DEC na kasuwanci na PDP-10. Amma a tsarin gine-gine, TOPS-20 ba shi da wani abu gama gari da TOPS-10. An yi shi ne bisa tsarin Tenex, wanda Bolt, Beranek da Newman suka kirkiro don PDP-10. . Stallman ya fara kiran tsarin "Twenex" kawai don guje wa kiran shi TOPS-20. "Tsarin ya yi nisa daga manyan hanyoyin magance shi, don haka ba zan iya kuskura a kira shi da sunansa na hukuma ba," in ji Stallman, "don haka na saka harafin 'w' a cikin 'Tenex' don sanya shi 'Twenex'." (Wannan sunan yana wasa akan kalmar "ashirin", watau "ashirin").
Kwamfutar da ke tafiyar da Twenex/TOPS-20 an kira shi da mamaki "Oz." Gaskiyar ita ce DECSYSTEM 20 yana buƙatar ƙaramin injin PDP-11 don sarrafa tashar. Wani dan dandatsa, a lokacin da ya fara ganin PDP-11 a haɗe da wannan kwamfutar, ya kwatanta ta da wani ƙwaƙƙwaran aikin Wizard of Oz. "Ni ne babban kuma mai ban tsoro Oz! – ya karanta. "Kada ki kalli dan karamin soya da nake aiki dashi."
Amma babu wani abu mai ban dariya a cikin tsarin aiki na sabuwar kwamfutar. An gina tsaro da ikon shiga cikin Twenex a matakin asali, kuma an tsara abubuwan amfani da aikace-aikacen sa tare da tsaro a zuciya. Rage barkwanci game da tsarin tsaro na Lab ya rikide zuwa yaƙi mai tsanani don sarrafa kwamfuta. Masu gudanarwa sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba tare da tsarin tsaro ba, Twenex zai zama maras tabbas kuma yana iya fuskantar kurakurai. Masu satar bayanai sun tabbatar da cewa za a iya samun kwanciyar hankali da aminci da sauri ta hanyar gyara lambar tushe na tsarin. Amma sun riga sun kasance kaɗan a cikin Laboratory wanda ba wanda ya saurare su.
Masu satar bayanan sun yi tunanin za su iya shawo kan takunkumin tsaro ta hanyar baiwa duk masu amfani da “gatan tuƙi” - haƙƙoƙi masu girma waɗanda ke ba su ikon yin abubuwa da yawa waɗanda aka hana matsakaicin mai amfani da su. Amma a wannan yanayin, kowane mai amfani zai iya cire "gata na tuƙi" daga kowane mai amfani, kuma ba zai iya mayar da su ga kansa ba saboda rashin haƙƙin shiga. Sabili da haka, masu satar bayanai sun yanke shawarar samun iko da tsarin ta hanyar cire "gata mai kulawa" daga kowa sai dai kansu.
Hasashen kalmomin shiga da ƙaddamar da mai gyara yayin da tsarin ke booting bai yi komai ba. Bayan an kasa"juyin mulki", Stallman ya aika sako ga duk ma'aikatan Laboratory.
Ya rubuta: “Har yanzu an ci nasara a kan ’yan mulkin mallaka, amma yanzu sun yi nasara, kuma yunkurin kwace mulki ya ci tura.” Richard ya sanya hannu kan sakon: "Radio Free OZ" don kada wani ya yi tunanin cewa shi ne. Kyakkyawan ɓarna, la'akari da cewa kowa a cikin Laboratory ya san halin Stallman game da tsarin tsaro da ba'a da kalmomin shiga. Koyaya, ƙiyayyar Richard ga kalmomin shiga an san shi fiye da MIT. Kusan dukkan ARPAnet, samfurin Intanet na wancan lokacin, sun shiga cikin kwamfutocin Laboratory a ƙarƙashin asusun Stallman. Irin wannan “dan yawon bude ido” shi ne, alal misali, Don Hopkins, wani mai shirya shirye-shirye daga California, wanda ta hanyar ɗan fashin baki ya koyi cewa za ku iya shigar da shahararren tsarin ITS a MIT kawai ta shigar da haruffa 3 na baƙaƙen Stallman a matsayin shiga da kalmar sirri.
"Ina godiya har abada da MIT ta ba ni da sauran mutane da yawa 'yancin yin amfani da kwamfutocin su," in ji Hopkins, "Yana da ma'ana sosai ga dukanmu."
Wannan manufar '' yawon buɗe ido '' ta daɗe tsawon shekaru da yawa yayin da tsarin ITS ya rayu, kuma gudanarwar MIT ta dube ta cikin damuwa. . Amma lokacin da injin Oz ya zama babbar gada daga Laboratory zuwa ARPAnet, komai ya canza. Har yanzu Stallman ya ba da damar shiga asusunsa ta hanyar amfani da kalmar shiga da kuma kalmar sirri, amma masu gudanarwa sun bukaci ya canza kalmar sirri kuma kada ya ba wani. Richard, yana ambaton ɗabi'unsa, ya ƙi yin aiki akan injin Oz kwata-kwata.
"Lokacin da kalmomin sirri suka fara bayyana akan kwamfutocin AI Lab, na yanke shawarar bin imanina cewa kada a sami kalmar sirri," in ji Stallman daga baya, "kuma tun da na yi imani cewa kwamfutoci ba sa buƙatar tsarin tsaro, bai kamata in goyi bayan waɗannan matakan don aiwatar da su ba. su."
Kin durkusar da Stallman ya yi a gaban babbar na'urar Oz mai ban tsoro ya nuna cewa tashin hankali na karuwa tsakanin masu satar bayanai da manyan na Lab. Amma wannan tashin hankalin ya kasance kawai inuwar rigimar da ta barke a cikin al'ummar hacker kanta, wanda aka raba zuwa sansanoni 2: LMI (Lisp Machines Incorporated) da Symbolics.
Alamun sun sami jari mai yawa daga waje, wanda ya jawo hankalin da yawa daga cikin hackers na Lab. Sun yi aiki akan tsarin injin Lisp duka a MIT da wajenta. A ƙarshen 1980, kamfanin ya ɗauki ma'aikatan Laboratory 14 a matsayin masu ba da shawara don haɓaka nau'in na'urar Lisp. Sauran masu kutse, ba su kirga Stallman ba, sun yi aiki da LMI. Richard ya yanke shawarar kada ya shiga gefe, kuma, saboda al'ada, yana kan kansa.
Da farko, hackers da Symbolics suka yi hayar sun ci gaba da aiki a MIT, suna inganta tsarin injin Lisp. Su, kamar masu satar bayanan LMI, sun yi amfani da lasisin MIT don lambar su. Ya buƙaci a mayar da canje-canje ga MIT, amma baya buƙatar MIT don rarraba canje-canjen. Koyaya, a cikin 1981, masu satar bayanai sun bi yerjejeniyar wani mutum wanda a ciki aka rubuta duk abubuwan da suka inganta a cikin injin Lisp na MIT kuma an rarraba su ga duk masu amfani da waɗannan injinan. Wannan yanayin har yanzu ya kiyaye wasu kwanciyar hankali na ƙungiyar hacker.
Amma a ranar 16 ga Maris, 1982 - Stallman ya tuna da wannan rana da kyau saboda ranar haihuwarsa ce - yarjejeniyar mai martaba ta zo karshe. Wannan ya faru ne bisa umarnin gudanarwar Symbolics; don haka suka so su shake abokin hamayyarsu, kamfanin LMI, wanda ke da karancin masu kutse da ke aiki da shi. Shugabannin Symbolics sun yi la'akari da haka: idan LMI yana da ƙananan ma'aikata sau da yawa, to, ya zama cewa aikin gaba ɗaya akan na'urar Lisp yana da amfani gare shi, kuma idan aka dakatar da wannan musayar ci gaba, to LMI za ta lalace. Don wannan, sun yanke shawarar yin amfani da harafin lasisi. Maimakon yin canje-canje ga tsarin MIT, wanda LMI zai iya amfani da shi, sun fara samar da MIT tare da sigar Symbolics na tsarin, wanda za su iya gyara yadda suke so. Ya bayyana cewa duk wani gwaji da gyara lambar injin Lisp a MIT ya tafi ne kawai don goyon bayan Symbolics.
A matsayinsa na mutumin da ke da alhakin kula da injin Lisp na dakin gwaje-gwaje (tare da taimakon Greenblatt na farkon watannin farko), Stallman ya fusata. Hackers na alamomi sun ba da lamba tare da ɗaruruwan canje-canje waɗanda suka haifar da kurakurai. Da yake la'akari da wannan wa'adin, Stallman ya katse hanyoyin sadarwa na Laboratory tare da Symbolics, ya sha alwashin ba zai sake yin aiki a kan injinan kamfanin ba, kuma ya sanar da cewa zai shiga aikin na'urar MIT Lisp don tallafawa LMI. Stallman ya ce: “A idona, Lab ɗin ƙasa ce mai tsaka-tsaki, kamar Belgium a Yaƙin Duniya na II, kuma idan Jamus ta mamaye Belgium, Belgium ta shelanta yaƙi da Jamus kuma ta shiga Burtaniya da Faransa.”
Lokacin da shuwagabannin Symbolics suka lura cewa sabbin sabbin abubuwan nasu har yanzu suna bayyana akan nau'in MIT na na'urar Lisp, sai suka fusata suka fara zargin masu satar bayanan Lab da satar lambar. Amma Stallman bai keta dokar haƙƙin mallaka kwata-kwata ba. Ya yi nazarin lambar da Symbolics ya bayar kuma ya yi hasashe mai ma'ana game da gyare-gyare da ingantawa na gaba, wanda ya fara aiwatarwa daga karce don injin Lisp na MIT. Shuwagabannin alamomin ba su yarda da hakan ba. Sun sanya kayan leken asiri a tashar Stallman, wanda ya rubuta duk abin da Richard ya yi. Don haka sun yi fatan tattara bayanan satar lambar su nuna wa gwamnatin MIT, amma har zuwa farkon 1983 babu kusan abin da za a nuna. Duk abin da suke da shi shi ne wurare goma sha biyu ko makamancin haka inda lambobin tsarin biyu suka yi kama da kama.
Lokacin da masu kula da Lab suka nuna shaidar Symbolics ga Stallman, ya musanta hakan, yana mai cewa lambar ta kasance iri ɗaya, amma ba ɗaya ba. Kuma ya juya ma'anar gudanarwa na Symbolics a kansa: idan waɗannan nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) wanda ya tabbatar da cewa Stallman bai sata lambar ba. Wannan ya ishe manajojin Laboratory su amince da aikin Stallman, kuma ya ci gaba da aiki har zuwa ƙarshen 1983. .
Amma Stallman ya canza tsarinsa. Domin ya kare kansa da aikin kamar yadda zai yiwu daga da'awar Symbolics, gaba daya ya daina kallon lambobin tushen su. Ya fara rubuta code na musamman bisa takardu. Richard bai yi tsammanin manyan sabbin abubuwa daga Symbolics ba, amma ya aiwatar da su da kansa, sannan kawai ya ƙara mu'amala don dacewa da aiwatar da Alamar, yana dogaro da takaddun su. Ya kuma karanta alamar canjin lambar don ganin irin kwari da suke gyarawa, kuma ya gyara waɗancan kwaron da kansa ta wasu hanyoyi.
Abin da ya faru ya ƙarfafa ƙudirin Stallman. Bayan ƙirƙirar kwatankwacin sabbin ayyukan Symbolics, ya shawo kan ma'aikatan Laboratory don amfani da nau'in MIT na injin Lisp, wanda ya tabbatar da kyakkyawan matakin gwaji da gano kuskure. Kuma sigar MIT gabaɗaya a buɗe take ga LMI. "Ina so in hukunta Symbolics ko ta halin kaka," in ji Stallman. Wannan bayanin ya nuna ba wai kawai halin Richard ya yi nisa da kwanciyar hankali ba, har ma da cewa rikicin na'urar Lisp ya taɓa shi da sauri.
Za a iya fahimtar matsananciyar ƙudurin Stallman idan aka yi la'akari da yadda yake kama da shi - "lalata" na "gidansa", wato, al'ummar hacker da al'adun Lab na AI. Daga baya Levy ya yi hira da Stallman ta hanyar imel, kuma Richard ya kwatanta kansa da Ishi, sanannen ɗan kabilar Yahi na ƙarshe, wanda aka halaka a yakin Indiya na 1860s da 1870s. Wannan kwatankwacin yana ba da abubuwan da aka siffanta almara, kusan iyawar tatsuniyoyi. Masu satar bayanan da ke aiki da Symbolics sun ga wannan a wani ɗan haske daban-daban: kamfaninsu bai lalata ko halaka ba, amma kawai abin da ya kamata a yi tuntuni. Bayan an motsa na'urar Lisp zuwa fagen kasuwanci, Symbolics ta canza tsarinta na tsara shirye-shirye - maimakon yanke su bisa ga tsarin masu kutse, sai suka fara amfani da ƙa'idodi masu laushi da ɗan adam na manajoji. Kuma ba su dauki Stallman a matsayin mayaƙin abokin gaba ba don kare wani dalili na adalci, amma a matsayin mai ɗaukar tsohon tunani.
Rikicin kabilanci ya kuma kara ingiza wutar. Tun kafin bayyanar Symbolics, da yawa hackers sun guje wa Stallman, kuma yanzu lamarin ya yi ta'azzara sau da yawa. Richard ya ce: “Ba a ƙara gayyace ni zuwa tafiye-tafiye zuwa Chinatown ba,” in ji Richard, “Greenblatt ta fara al’ada: lokacin da kuke son cin abincin rana, kuna zagayawa abokan aikinku ku gayyace su tare da ku, ko aika musu saƙo. Wani wuri a 1980-1981 sun daina kirana. Ba wai kawai ba su gayyace ni ba, amma, kamar yadda mutum ɗaya ya yarda da ni daga baya, sun matsa wa sauran mutane don kada wani ya gaya mani game da jiragen da za a yi don cin abincin rana.”
source: linux.org.ru