Dangantaka tsakanin abokan tarayya, cike da kulawa, alamun kulawa da jin kai, ana kiranta soyayya ta hanyar mawaƙa, amma masana ilimin halitta suna kiranta da dangantaka tsakanin jima'i da nufin rayuwa da haihuwa. Wasu nau'ikan sun fi son ɗaukar lambobi - don haifuwa tare da abokan haɗin gwiwa da yawa don haɓaka yawan zuriya, ta haka ne ke haɓaka damar rayuwa ga dukkan nau'ikan. Wasu kuma suna haifar da ma'aurata guda ɗaya, wanda zai iya daina wanzuwa kawai bayan mutuwar ɗaya daga cikin abokan tarayya. Shekaru da yawa, masana kimiyya sun yi imanin cewa zaɓi na farko ya fi riba, amma wannan ba gaskiya ba ne. Ma'aurata guda ɗaya, a matsayin mai mulkin, suna renon zuriyarsu tare, watau. Ka kare shi daga maguzanci, a samu abinci a koya masa wasu fasahohi, yayin da a cikin zamantakewar auren mace fiye da daya duk wannan yakan fada kan kafadun mata masu rauni. Tabbas, akwai keɓancewa, amma a yau ba muna magana game da su ba. Masana ilimin halitta sun dade suna sha'awar wani abu mai ban sha'awa - maza suna ci gaba da nuna alamun kulawa ga mata, ko da lokacin da aka riga aka kafa su biyu kuma sun kasance shekaru da yawa. Menene ke haifar da wannan ɗabi'a, menene fa'ida daga gare ta, kuma waɗanne fannonin juyin halitta suke da alaƙa da shi? Za mu sami amsoshin waɗannan tambayoyin a cikin rahoton ƙungiyar bincike. Tafi
Tushen bincike
Idan aka yi la’akari da batun binciken, ba za mu mai da hankali kan nau’in tsuntsaye masu yawa ba, amma za mu mai da hankali kan masu son gashin fuka-fukan da suka yi soyayya sau da kafa.
Da yake magana game da auren mata ɗaya, yana da daraja a lura cewa akwai nau'ikansa da yawa dangane da tsawon lokaci: kakar daya, shekaru da yawa da rayuwa.
A cikin tsuntsaye, auren mace ɗaya na yanayi ya fi yawa. Misali mai ban mamaki zai zama geese na daji. Matan suna da hannu wajen yin gida da kuma tara ƙwai, kuma namiji ne ke da alhakin kare yankin. A rana ta biyu da ƙyanƙyashe, iyalin suka tafi wurin ruwa mafi kusa, inda goslings koyi neman abinci da kansu. A cikin yanayin haɗari a kan ruwa, mace tana kare 'ya'yanta sosai, amma namiji, a fili yana tunawa da muhimman al'amura, yawanci yakan gudu. Ba mafi kyawun dangantaka ba, komai yadda kuke kallon ta.
Iyalin geese na daji.
Idan muka yi magana game da dangantaka, tushen abin da yake dawwama, sa'an nan storks ne mafi kyau a cikin wannan al'amari. Suna ƙirƙirar ma'aurata guda ɗaya don rayuwa kuma ba sa canza wurin zama sai dai idan ya zama dole. Ɗaya daga cikin gida na storks mai nauyin kilo 250 kuma ya kai mita 1.5 a diamita, yana yi musu hidima na shekaru masu yawa idan bala'i ko sa hannun mutane ba su lalata shi ba. Akwai gida a cikin Jamhuriyar Czech da aka ƙirƙira baya a 1864.
Ƙwararrun gine-gine na storks baya buƙatar godiya lokacin da kuka ga irin wannan tsarin.
Sabanin geese na daji, storks suna da nauyi daidai: duka abokan tarayya suna ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai, neman abinci, koya wa 'ya'ya su tashi da kare su daga haɗari. Iri-iri na al'adu daban-daban na taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin dangantakar shamuwa: waƙa, rawa, da sauransu. Abin da ya fi ban sha'awa shi ne, ana yin waɗannan al'adun ba kawai a lokacin samar da ma'aurata ba (a ranar farko), har ma a duk tsawon rayuwarsu tare (ko da lokacin maye gurbin mace a lokacin shiryawa, namiji yana yin 'yar rawa). A gare mu, wannan yana da kyau sosai, soyayya kuma gaba ɗaya rashin ma'ana, tun daga ra'ayi na ilimin halitta babu wani amfani ga irin wannan hali. Haka yake? Kuma a nan za mu iya fara la'akari da binciken da kansa, wanda ya kamata ya amsa wannan tambaya.
Masana ilimin dabi'a* Sun yi imanin cewa ci gaba da bayyanar da ji na su daga maza yana da alaƙa da kiyaye yanayin haihuwa a cikin mata.
Ethology* - kimiyyar da ke nazarin halayen ƙayyadaddun dabi'u, watau; ilhami.
A lokaci guda kuma, ba a san dalilin da ya sa wannan hali ya kasance ba kawai a lokacin jima'i na farko ba, amma a duk tsawon rayuwa, saboda zai zama mafi ma'ana ga maza su zuba jari da karfi a cikin 'ya'yansu, maimakon a nuna ji ga mace. Ya zuwa yanzu, masu bincike da yawa sun yi imanin cewa ƙarfin bayyanar da ƙauna ga mace yana rinjayar ingancin jima'i da kuma, saboda haka, zuriya (watau adadin ƙwai).
Wani tsuntsun aljanna yana rawa a gaban mace. Kamar yadda muke iya gani, namiji ya fi mace haske sosai.
An tabbatar da wannan ka'idar ta hanyar lura. Mace wadda abokin zamanta kyakkyawa ne da ba a rubuta ba kuma mai tashi na farko a ƙauyen yana ƙara ƙoƙari a cikin 'ya'yanta fiye da idan namiji ba kifi ba ne kuma ba tsuntsaye ba. Yana jin dadi da ban dariya, amma al'adun da maza suke yi a gaban mata suna nufin nuna ba kawai kyakkyawa ba, har ma da karfi. Haka ya faru da cewa haske plumage, da kyau waƙa da sauran bayyanar da hankali daga maza ne kawai fahimi sakonni ga mata, wanda ta decodes cikin bayanai game da namiji.
Masana kimiyya daga jami'o'in North Carolina da Chicago, wadanda aikin da muke la'akari a yau, sun yi imanin cewa wannan dabi'a na maza yana da nufin inganta halayen mata dangane da tsarin haihuwa.
Samfurin da masana kimiyya suka gabatar ya dogara ne akan gwaje-gwaje masu yawa da suka nuna cewa ƙarfafa waɗannan sigina daga maza yana ƙara yawan gudunmawar mata ga tsarin haihuwa. An ba da shawarar cewa tushen irin waɗannan tasirin abubuwan haɓakawa sune martanin fahimta da suka taso daga kaddarorin yanayi, sigina da tsarin juyayi kanta. A halin yanzu, an san kusan misalan 100 na irin wannan "raguwa" daga tsarin jin daɗi na yau da kullun (ji, hangen nesa da wari).
Lokacin da namiji ya sake nuna fa'idarsa akan sauran mazan, hakan na iya yin tasiri mai kyau ga namijin kansa (mace za ta zaɓe shi). Amma ga mace wannan zai iya zama hasara, tun da zai rage yawan haihuwa a nan gaba. A wasu kalmomi, muna da yanayin "wuce fata". Namiji wanda ya fi sauran mazan kyau kuma yana nuna alamun sha'awar mace koyaushe zai sami abin da yake so - mating da procreation, ko kuma irin nasa. Mace da ke tsammanin irin wannan hali daga wasu mazan, amma ba ta samu ba, na iya samun kanta a cikin wani mawuyacin hali. Masana kimiyya suna magana game da irin wannan lamarin a matsayin rikici tsakanin ma'aurata: nuna mazaje na nuna kansu a matsayin kyakkyawan karuwa a cikin yawan jama'a, kuma tsayin daka ga wannan dabara yana girma a tsakanin mata.
An tsara wannan rikici ta hanyar amfani da tsarin lissafi (cibiyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi). A cikin samfurin da aka samo, mai siginar (siginar sigina - namiji) yana amfani da tsinkayen fahimta na mai karɓa (mai karɓar sigina - mace), wanda ke motsa siginar da kansu don lalata fahimta. A wani lokaci, canjin fahimtar sigina a cikin yawan mata yana faruwa (wani nau'in maye gurbi), wanda sakamakon haka ƙarfin siginar daga tushen (namiji) zai ragu sosai. A hankali karuwa a cikin irin waɗannan canje-canje zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa ɗaya ko wani nau'in sigina zai zama maras amfani. Yayin da irin waɗannan canje-canjen ke faruwa, wasu sigina suna ɓacewa, suna rasa ƙarfinsu, amma sababbi sun taso, kuma tsarin ya fara sabon.
Wannan karkatacciyar tsarin yana da sauƙi a aikace. Ka yi tunanin cewa namiji ya bayyana tare da gashin tsuntsu mai haske (daya kawai), ya bambanta da sauran, kuma mata sun fi son shi. Sai namiji ya bayyana da fuka-fukai biyu masu haske, sannan da uku, da sauransu. Amma ƙarfin irin wannan sigina, saboda girmansa da yaduwarsa, ya fara faɗuwa daidai gwargwado. Kuma ba zato ba tsammani wani namiji ya bayyana wanda zai iya waƙa da kyau kuma ya gina gidaje. A sakamakon haka, kyakkyawan plumage a matsayin sigina ya daina yin tasiri kuma ya fara lalacewa.
Duk da haka, a koyaushe akwai keɓantawa ga ƙa'idar - wasu rikice-rikice tsakanin jinsi na iya haɓaka zuwa cikakkiyar haɗin gwiwa kuma mai tasiri sosai.
Tsari na bullar rikici tsakanin ma'aurata da haɗin gwiwar tsakanin ma'aurata.
Maganar ƙasa ita ce, namijin da ke da siginar da ya fi dacewa ya tilasta wa mace ta yi ba kwai uku ba, amma hudu. Wannan yana da kyau ga namiji - zai sami 'ya'ya da yawa tare da tafkin gadonsa. Ga mace, ba da yawa ba, domin za ta ƙara yin ƙoƙari don tabbatar da cewa dukan zuriya sun tsira kuma su kai shekaru masu zaman kansu. Sakamakon haka, mata suna fara haɓaka daidai da maza don su kasance masu juriya ga siginar su. Sakamakon zai iya zama hanyoyi biyu: rikici ko haɗin gwiwa.
A cikin yanayin haɗin gwiwa, mata suna tasowa don yin ƙwai 3, kamar yadda kafin bayyanar sigina mai ƙarfi daga maza, amma suna ci gaba da amsa waɗannan alamun. Sosai ga dabarar mata a duniyar halitta. Ta wannan hanyar, ba kawai ma'aurata ba ne, amma ma'aurata masu goyon bayan juna a matakin da ya dace don haifuwa daga ma'anar hulɗar amsawar sigina.
Maza ba za su iya komawa baya ba, a cikin magana. Ingantattun siginoninsu ga mata suna haifar da kama kwai uku, watau. ba kamar yadda ake tsammani ba. Koyaya, rage siginar zuwa matakin da ya gabata shima ba zai yi tasiri ba, tunda hakan zai haifar da raguwar adadin ƙwai a cikin kama zuwa biyu. Ya zama mummunan da'irar - maza ba za su iya rage ƙarfin siginar ba kuma ba za su iya ƙarawa ba, tun da mata a cikin farko za su haifi 'ya'ya kaɗan, kuma a cikin na biyu ba za su amsa ba.
A zahiri, maza ko mata ba su da wata mugun nufi ko sha’awar bautar juna. Dukkan wannan tsari yana gudana ne a matakin kwayoyin halitta kuma an yi shi ne kawai don amfanin zuriyar ma'aurata guda ɗaya da kuma jin daɗin jinsunan gaba ɗaya.
Sakamakon bincike
Yin amfani da ƙirar lissafi, masana kimiyya sun tantance yanayin da haɗin gwiwar ma'aurata zai iya faruwa. Siffar ƙididdiga tare da matsakaicin ƙima zf ya bayyana babbar gudunmawar mace ga zuriyarta. Da farko, ana ba da izinin matsakaicin ƙima don haɓaka zuwa mafi kyawun ƙimarsa zopt, wanda ya dogara da nau'i biyu: fa'idar zuba jarurruka (yawan zuriya masu rai) da kuma farashin jarin mata (cf). Ana tantance mabambanta na ƙarshe bayan haifuwa, yana nuna cewa wasu mata suna rayuwa kuma suna iya sake haifuwa a shekara mai zuwa, wanda ke haifar da haɓakar adadin tsararraki.
Akwai kalmomi da yawa waɗanda za a yi amfani da su akai-akai a cikin wannan binciken waɗanda suka cancanci yin bayani kaɗan:
- sigina - bayyanar da hankali daga bangaren maza ga abokan zama mata (waka, raye-raye da sauran al'adu) da ke faruwa a cikin nau'i-nau'i;
- gudunmawa / Kasuwanci - amsawar mata ga waɗannan sigina, wanda aka nuna a cikin nau'i mai yawa na ƙwai a cikin kama, ƙarin lokaci don kula da zuriya na gaba, da dai sauransu;
- mai amsawa - mace mai amsa sakonni daga namiji;
- kashe kudi - farashin gudummawar mata ga zuriya (lokacin cikin gida, lokacin neman abinci, yanayin kiwon lafiya saboda yawan ƙwai da yawa a cikin kama, da sauransu).
An ƙirƙira siginar sabbin sigina na maza da martani na mata zuwa gare su ta amfani da yardar rai sake haɗa masu gyara wuri-wuri guda ɗaya, ta haka suna haɗa hanyoyin ƙididdigewa da yawan jama'a. IN wurin*, wanda ke sarrafa amsawar mace (A), da farko ana lura da yawan adadin allele -mai amsawa* (A2), daidai da tsinkayen fahimta da aka rigaya
Wuri* - wurin wani takamaiman kwayar halitta akan taswirar kwayoyin halitta na chromosome.
Alleles* - nau'i daban-daban na kwayoyin halitta iri daya da ke cikin wuri guda na chromosomes masu kama. Alleles yana ƙayyade hanyar ci gaba na wani hali.
Halin mai amsawa* (Rsp) wani nau'in halitta ne da ke da alaƙa da yanayin rashin rarrabuwar kawuna (Genen SD), abin da ke aiki da shi (Rsp+) yana da ikon murkushe maganganun SD.
Wurin siginar (B) an fara daidaita shi zuwa ga allele mara sigina (B1). Sa'an nan kuma an gabatar da allele na B2, wanda ke sa siginar namiji ya bayyana.
Nuna sigina ga maza shima yana da farashin sa (sm), amma yana ƙara gudunmawar abokin tarayya na mace (A2) ta ƙimar α. Misali, ana iya bayyana α azaman ƙarin kwai a cikin kama. A lokaci guda kuma, haɓakar gudummawar mace kuma na iya bayyana kanta a cikin nau'ikan tasirin da take da shi a kan zuriyarta.
Sabili da haka, nau'i-nau'i wanda namiji yana ɗaukar alamar alamar allele kuma mace tana ɗauke da allele mai amsawa (watau A2B2 nau'i-nau'i) yana da ƙarin taimako daga mace kuma saboda haka mafi girma fecundity fiye da sauran 3 haduwa.
Bambance-bambancen haduwar maza da mata gwargwadon rabon sakonni da martani gare su.
Yawan 'ya'yan da suka tsira don haifuwa a shekara mai zuwa yana shafar su dogaro mai yawa* a cikin zuriyarsa da kuma dogara ga yawan zuriyar bayan haihuwa.
Dogaro da yawa* Hanyoyin da suka dogara da yawa suna faruwa ne lokacin da aka daidaita yawan haɓakar yawan jama'a ta yawan yawan jama'a.
Wani rukuni na masu canji yana da alaƙa da mace-mace na mata da maza bayan haihuwar zuriya. An ƙayyade waɗannan masu canji ta hanyar gudummawar da aka ba zuriyar (cm - gudunmawar maza, cf - gudunmawar mata), farashin sigina ga maza (sm) da kuma mace-macen da ba zaɓaɓɓu ba (dm - maza da df - mata).
Zawarawa, waɗanda mazajensu suka mutu, ƙanana da duk wanda bai yi aure ba a baya ya haɗu don ƙirƙirar sabbin nau'i-nau'i kuma an kammala zagayowar shekara-shekara. A cikin samfurin da aka yi nazari, an ba da mahimmanci ga auren mace ɗaya, saboda haka duk nau'ikan zaɓin jima'i (watau gasa tsakanin mutane don abokin tarayya) an cire su daga lissafin.
Dangantaka tsakanin juyin halitta na sigina, masu amsawa da gudummawa.
Samfuran ya nuna cewa ana samun daidaiton daidaito lokacin da maza ke ba da sigina kuma mata suna amsa musu. A cikin ma'auni, duk gudummawar da aka bayar ga zuriya ana mayar da ita kamar yadda take kafin bayyanar ƙarin sigina na maza.
A kan ginshiƙi А Abin da ke sama yana nuna misalin sauye-sauyen juyin halitta inda gudummawar mace ga zuriya ta koma ga mafi kyawun matakin, wanda shine sakamakon juyin halittar sifa mai kididdigar gudummawar (layin kore mai dige-dige shine gudummawar gaske, kuma tsayayyen layin kore. ita ce gudunmawar da ba a samu ba saboda rashin amsawar mace ga ƙarin sigina na maza). A kan ginshiƙi В Ana nuna wani madadin misali lokacin da rikici tsakanin jinsi ya kai ga asarar mai amsawa.
Kuma a kan jadawali С An gano sigogi biyu waɗanda ke tasiri wannan sakamakon: haɓakar gudummawar da ƙarin sigina ke haifar (α), da kuma farashin mata na wannan jarin (cf). A cikin ja a kan ginshiƙi, sigina ba sa karuwa, saboda farashin su zai wuce fa'ida. A cikin yankunan rawaya da baƙar fata, yawan sigina yana ƙaruwa, wanda ke haifar da karuwar zuba jari mai tsada a bangaren mata. A cikin yanki mai launin rawaya, amsawar wannan yana faruwa ta hanyar rage halayen saka hannun jari, wanda ke haifar da gyare-gyaren dindindin na allunan duka sakonni da masu amsawa. A cikin yankin baƙar fata, inda mata masu amsawa ke da ƙarin saka hannun jari, abin da ke amsawa yana ɓacewa da sauri, sa'annan sigina, kamar yadda a cikin al'adun gargajiya na rikice-rikice na jima'i (hoto). В).
Matsakaicin iyaka tsakanin ja da rawaya yana wakiltar lokacin da maza suke samun ƙarin jari a cikin zuriya saboda mata suna daidaita farashin siginar su. Iyakar kwance da ke raba wuraren rawaya da baƙar fata daga ja yana faruwa a irin wannan hanya, amma don ƙaramin dalili. Lokacin farashin jarin mata (cf) suna ƙasa, sannan mafi kyawun ƙimar gudummawar (zopt) zai kasance mai girman gaske, sabili da haka gudummawar mace za ta yi girma sosai a yanayin farko. Sakamakon wannan shi ne cewa sigina na ba wa namiji ƙarancin fa'ida daga jarin da ya samu, wanda kuma farashinsa ya sake daidaitawa.
Wurin ma'auni, wanda aka daidaita sigina da martani (rawaya), ya bambanta dangane da ƙarfin zaɓin da bambancin kwayoyin halitta na allele na mai amsa. Misali, lokacin da mitar allele ta farko ta mai amsa ta kasance 0.9 maimakon 0.99 da aka nuna a hoto #2, gabatarwar sigina yana haifar da zaɓi mafi inganci akan masu amsawa (bambancin jinsin farko ya fi girma) kuma yankin baki yana faɗaɗa zuwa hagu.
Alamun maza na iya faruwa ko da sun zo tare da farashi wanda zai rage gudunmawar namiji ga dangin da ke yanzu (daidaitacce. sfec), ta haka ya shafi kai tsaye lafiya* Namiji da mata, maimakon rage wa namiji damar rayuwa.
Fitsari* - ikon haifuwa mutane tare da wani nau'in genotype.
Dangantaka tsakanin farashin haihuwa da sigina (hagu) da alakar da ke tsakanin farashi mai yiwuwa da sigina.
Dangane da batun haihuwa, lokacin da siginar maza suka daidaita (yankin rawaya), duk mazan suna kashe kuɗi kaɗan a cikin zuriya fiye da kafin sigina. A wannan yanayin, gudunmawar mata za ta fi girma fiye da yadda yake a gaban bayyanar siginar maza.
Mafi girman jarin mata, lokacin da namiji ya kayyade ta hanyar fecundity (maimakon yiyuwa), yana ƙaruwa matsakaicin adadin zuriya kowane biyu, amma ba ya cika ramawa. A tsawon lokaci, mafi girman gudunmawar mata yana ƙaruwa matsakaicin adadin zuriya masu tasowa amma yana rage matsakaicin yuwuwar mace. Wannan yana haifar da samuwar sabon ma'auni tsakanin waɗannan rundunonin guda biyu, inda matsakaicin adadin zuriya ya ragu fiye da yanayin rayuwa ta al'ada ko a yanayin farko (kafin bayyanar sigina).
Ta fuskar ilmin lissafi, ya yi kama da haka: idan siginar maza sun karu da kashi 1% (amma ba su kara yawan aiki ba), to, farashin mata na 'ya'ya ya karu da 1.3%, amma a lokaci guda mace-macen su kuma yana karuwa da 0.5. %, kuma adadin zuriya kowane biyu yana raguwa da 0.16%.
Idan matsakaiciyar ƙimar gudummawar mace ta farko ta kasance ƙasa da mafi kyawun matakin (alal misali, saboda tasirin muhalli), to lokacin da alamun da ke haɓaka haɓakar farashin ke bayyana, tsarin daidaitacce ya taso, watau. hadin gwiwar tsakanin jinsi. A irin wannan yanayi, siginar maza ba wai kawai ƙara gudummawar mata ga zuriya ba, har ma da dacewarsu.
Irin wannan hali na maza da mata yakan faru ne saboda canje-canje na waje (yanayin yanayi, wurin zama, adadin abincin da ake samu, da dai sauransu). Bisa la'akari da haka, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa samuwar auren mace daya a wasu nau'in zamani, yayin da kakanninsu suka yi aure fiye da daya, ya faru ne saboda ƙaura da kuma, saboda haka, canjin yanayi.
Don ƙarin cikakken sani tare da nuances na binciken, Ina ba da shawarar dubawa и masa.
Epilogue
Wannan binciken ya nuna alakar auren mata fiye da daya da auren mace daya ta fuskar juyin halitta. A cikin masarautar tsuntsu, maza suna ƙoƙari su wuce juna don samun hankalin mace: tare da haske mai haske, rawa mai kyau, ko ma nuni na iyawar ginin su. Wannan dabi'a tana faruwa ne saboda gasa tsakanin maza, wanda galibi ke da alaƙa da nau'in auren mata fiye da ɗaya. Ta fuskar mata, duk wadannan alamomin suna ba da damar tantance halayen namiji da zuriyarsu ta gamayya za su gaji. Duk da haka, bayan lokaci, maza sun fara haɓaka ta yadda alamun su sun fi haske fiye da na masu fafatawa. Mata, bi da bi, sun samo asali don tsayayya da irin waɗannan sigina. Bayan haka, dole ne a kasance a koyaushe a daidaita. Idan farashin mata na zuriya ya yi daidai da fa'idodin, to babu ma'ana a kara farashin. Zai fi kyau a sanya kama na ƙwai 3 kuma ku tsira daga tsarin incubating da renon zuriya fiye da sa biyar kuma ku mutu ƙoƙarin kare su.
Irin wannan rikice-rikice na madigo na iya haifar da koma baya ga jama'a, amma juyin halitta ya dauki hanya mai ma'ana - tare da hanyar hadin gwiwa. A cikin nau'i-nau'i guda ɗaya, maza suna ci gaba da bayyana kansu a cikin dukan ɗaukakarsu, kuma mata suna amsa wannan tare da kyakkyawar gudunmawa ga zuriya.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa duniyar dabbobin daji ba ta da nauyi da ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a, dokoki da ƙa'idodi, kuma duk ayyuka an ƙaddara su ta hanyar juyin halitta, kwayoyin halitta da ƙishirwa don haifuwa.
Wataƙila ga romantics irin wannan bayanin kimiyya na ƙauna mai fuka-fuki zai yi kama da lalata, amma masana kimiyya suna tunanin in ba haka ba. Bayan haka, abin da zai iya zama mafi kyau fiye da samuwa ta hanyar da za a sami daidaito da haɗin gwiwa na gaskiya tsakanin mace da namiji, la'akari da bukatun bangarorin biyu da nufin amfanin al'ummomi masu zuwa.
Ranar juma'a:
Ko da yake waɗannan tsuntsaye ba su da mafi kyawun suna (Grebes), raye-rayen haduwarsu yana da kyau kawai.
Kashi na 2.0:
Tsuntsaye na aljanna babban misali ne (a zahiri) na nau'ikan sigina da maza ke aika wa mata a lokacin lokacin gida (BBC Earth, muryar David Attenborough).
Godiya da kallon, tsaya sha'awar kuma sami kyakkyawan karshen mako kowa! 🙂
Na gode da kasancewa tare da mu. Kuna son labaran mu? Kuna son ganin ƙarin abun ciki mai ban sha'awa? Goyon bayan mu ta hanyar ba da oda ko ba da shawara ga abokai, Rangwamen 30% ga masu amfani da Habr akan keɓaɓɓen analogue na sabar matakin shigarwa, wanda mu muka ƙirƙira muku: (akwai tare da RAID1 da RAID10, har zuwa 24 cores kuma har zuwa 40GB DDR4).
Dell R730xd sau 2 mai rahusa? Nan kawai a cikin Netherlands! Dell R420 - 2x E5-2430 2.2Ghz 6C 128GB DDR3 2x960GB SSD 1Gbps 100TB - daga $99! Karanta game da
source: www.habr.com