Ƙwaƙwalwar wawa, motsin zuciyar da ke ɓoye, algorithms masu yaudara: juyin halittar fuska

Masarawa na dā sun san abubuwa da yawa game da vivisection kuma suna iya bambanta hanta daga koda ta hanyar taɓawa. Ta hanyar swaddling mummies daga safe zuwa maraice da yin waraka (daga trephination zuwa cire ciwace-ciwacen daji), ba makawa za ku koyi fahimtar jikin mutum.

Arzikin dalla-dalla na jiki ya fi lalacewa ta hanyar rudani wajen fahimtar aikin gabobin. Limamai da likitoci da sauran jama'a da karfin gwiwa sun sanya tunani a cikin zuciya, kuma sun sanya wa kwakwalwa aikin samar da hancin hanci.

Bayan shekaru dubu 4, yana da wahala ka ƙyale kanka ka yi dariya ga ƴan uwa da fir'auna - kwamfutocin mu da algorithms na tattara bayanai sun fi sanyaya fiye da naɗaɗɗen papyrus, kuma har yanzu kwakwalwarmu tana da ban mamaki ta samar da wanda ya san menene.

Don haka a cikin wannan labarin ya kamata a yi magana game da gaskiyar cewa algorithms ganewar motsin rai sun kai saurin jijiyoyi na madubi wajen fassara siginar interlocutor, lokacin da kwatsam ya juya cewa kwayoyin jijiyoyi ba kamar yadda suke ba.

Kurakurai Yanke Shawara

Lokacin yaro, yaro yana kallon fuskokin iyayensa kuma ya koyi sake haifar da murmushi, fushi, gamsuwar kansa da sauran motsin zuciyarsa, ta yadda a cikin rayuwarsa a cikin yanayi daban-daban zai iya yin murmushi, da fushi, fushi - daidai kamar yadda ƙaunatattunsa. yi.

Yawancin masu bincike sun yi imanin cewa kwaikwayon motsin rai an gina shi ta hanyar tsarin jijiyoyi na madubi. Duk da haka, wasu masana kimiyya sun bayyana shakku game da wannan ka'idar: har yanzu ba mu fahimci ayyukan dukan ƙwayoyin kwakwalwa ba.

Samfurin aikin kwakwalwa yana tsaye akan ƙasa mai girgiza na hasashe. Babu shakka game da abu ɗaya kawai: "firmware" na al'amuran launin toka daga haihuwa ya ƙunshi fasali da kwari, ko, mafi daidai, fasali da ke shafar hali.

Ƙwararrun maɗaukaki ko wasu ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna da alhakin amsawar kwaikwayo; wannan tsarin yana aiki ne kawai a matakin asali na gane mafi sauƙi da ayyuka. Wannan ya isa ga yaro, amma tsine kadan ga babba.

Mun san cewa motsin zuciyarmu ya dogara ne akan ƙwarewar da mutum ya samu na hulɗa da al'adunsa na asali. Babu wanda zai yi tunanin kai mai hankali ne, idan a cikin mutane masu farin ciki kun yi murmushi, kuna jin zafi, saboda a cikin rayuwar balagagge ana amfani da motsin zuciyarmu a matsayin hanyar dacewa da yanayin rayuwa.

Ba mu san ainihin abin da mutumin yake tunani ba. Yana da sauƙin yin zato: murmushi yake yi, hakan na nufin yana jin dadi. Hankali yana da ikon da ya dace don gina katakai a cikin iskar daidaitattun hotuna na abin da ke faruwa.

Mutum dole ne kawai ya yi ƙoƙari ya ƙayyade gwargwadon yadda zato na yanzu ya dace da gaskiya, kuma girgizar ƙasa na ra'ayi za ta fara motsawa: murmushi shine bakin ciki, damuwa shine farin ciki, rawar gani na ido shine jin dadi.

Masanin ilimin hauka dan kasar Jamus Franz Karl Müller-Lyer a shekara ta 1889 ya nuna ra'ayi na geometric-optical da ke da alaƙa da karkatar da fahimtar layi da adadi. Hasashen shine cewa sashin da aka tsara ta hanyar tukwici na fuskantar waje ya bayyana ya gajarta fiye da ɓangaren da aka tsara ta wutsiya. A gaskiya ma, tsayin sassan biyu iri ɗaya ne.

Har ila yau, likitan ilimin likitancin ya jawo hankali ga gaskiyar cewa mai tunani na mafarki, ko da bayan auna layukan da kuma sauraron bayanin bayanan jijiya na fahimtar hoto, ya ci gaba da yin la'akari da layi daya ya fi guntu. Har ila yau, yana da ban sha'awa cewa wannan mafarki ba ya kama kowa da kowa - akwai mutanen da ba su da saukin kamuwa da shi.

Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Daniel Kahneman amincecewa a hankali tunaninmu na nazari ya gane dabarar Müller-Lyer, amma kashi na biyu na hankali, wanda ke da alhakin reflex mai hankali, ta atomatik kuma kusan nan take yana amsawa ga abin da ke tasowa, kuma yana yanke hukunci na kuskure.

Kuskuren fahimta ba kuskure ba ne kawai. Mutum zai iya fahimta kuma ya yarda cewa mutum ba zai iya amincewa da idanunsa ba lokacin kallon hangen nesa, amma sadarwa tare da mutane na gaske kamar tafiya ta cikin labyrinth mai rikitarwa.

A baya a cikin 1906, masanin ilimin zamantakewa William Sumner ya yi shelar kasancewar zaɓin yanayi na duniya da gwagwarmayar wanzuwa, yana canja ka'idodin wanzuwar dabba ga al'ummar ɗan adam. A ra'ayinsa, mutane da suka haɗa kai cikin ƙungiyoyi suna ɗaukaka ƙungiyar tasu ta hanyar ƙin yin nazarin abubuwan da ke barazana ga mutuncin al'umma.

Masanin ilimin halayyar dan adam Richard Nisbett labarin "Bayyana fiye da yadda za mu iya sani: Rahotanni na magana game da tsarin tunani" yana nuna rashin son mutane ga yin imani da kididdiga da sauran bayanan da aka yarda da su gaba ɗaya waɗanda ba su yarda da imaninsu na yanzu ba.

Sihiri na manyan lambobi

Ku kalli wannan bidiyon ku kalli yadda fuskar jarumar ta sauya.

Hankali da sauri ya "lakabi" kuma yana yin zato a gaban rashin isasshen bayanai, wanda ke haifar da sakamako mai ban mamaki, a fili a cikin misalin gwajin da darektan Lev Kuleshov ya gudanar.

A shekara ta 1929, ya ɗauki kusantar wani ɗan wasan kwaikwayo, farantin da aka cika da miya, wani yaro a cikin akwatin gawa, da wata yarinya a kan kujera. Sa'an nan kuma an yanke fim ɗin tare da harbin ɗan wasan zuwa sassa uku kuma an manne shi daban tare da firam ɗin da ke nuna farantin miya, yaro da yarinya.

Ba tare da dogaro da juna ba, masu kallo suna ganin cewa a kashi na farko jarumin yana jin yunwa, na biyu kuma yana bakin cikin mutuwar yaron, na uku kuma ya burge yarinyar da ke kwance akan kujera.

A gaskiya, yanayin fuskar ɗan wasan kwaikwayo ba ya canzawa a kowane hali.

Kuma idan kun ga firam ɗari, za a bayyana dabarar?

Dangane da bayanai kan amincin kididdiga na gaskiyar halin rashin magana a cikin manyan ƙungiyoyin mutane, masanin ilimin halayyar ɗan adam Paul Ekman. halitta cikakken kayan aiki don auna ma'auni na motsin fuska - "tsarin motsin fuska".

Yana da ra'ayin cewa za a iya amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na wucin gadi don tantance yanayin fuskar mutane kai tsaye. Duk da tsananin suka (shirin tsaron filin jirgin sama na Ekman bai wuce ba gwaje-gwajen sarrafawa), akwai ƙwayar hankali a cikin waɗannan gardama.

Idan aka kalli mutum mai murmushi, mutum zai iya ɗauka cewa yana yaudara kuma a haƙiƙa bai yi kyau ba. Amma idan ka (ko kamara) ka ga mutane ɗari suna murmushi, da alama yawancinsu suna jin daɗin gaske-kamar kallon ɗan wasan barkwanci mai zafi.

A cikin misali na adadi mai yawa, ba shi da mahimmanci cewa wasu mutane za su iya sarrafa motsin rai da wayo har ma Farfesa Ekman za a yaudare shi. A cikin kalmomin ƙwararren masanin haɗari Nassim Taleb, rashin ƙarfi na tsarin yana haɓaka sosai lokacin da batun sa ido ya kasance sanyi, kamara mara son kai.

Ee, ba mu san yadda za mu gane ƙarya ta fuska ba - tare da ko ba tare da basirar wucin gadi ba. Amma mun fahimci da kyau yadda za a tantance matakin farin ciki ga mutane ɗari ko fiye.

Ƙimar motsin rai don kasuwanci

Hanya mafi sauƙi don ƙayyade motsin zuciyarmu daga hoton fuska yana dogara ne akan rarrabuwa na mahimman abubuwan, wanda za'a iya samun haɗin kai ta amfani da algorithms daban-daban. Yawancin lokaci dozin da yawa ana alama, suna haɗa su zuwa matsayi na gira, idanu, lebe, hanci, jaw, wanda ke ba ka damar kama maganganun fuska.

Ƙimar bayanan motsin rai ta amfani da algorithms na inji tuni yana taimakawa masu siyar da su haɗa kan layi zuwa cikin layi gwargwadon yiwuwa. Fasahar tana ba ku damar kimanta tasirin talla da tallan tallace-tallace, ƙayyadaddun ingancin sabis da sabis na abokin ciniki, da kuma gano halayen da ba su dace ba na mutane.

Yin amfani da algorithms, za ku iya waƙa da yanayin tunanin ma'aikata a cikin ofishin (ofishin da ke da bakin ciki shine ofishin da ke da rauni, rashin tausayi da lalacewa) da "ma'anar farin ciki" na ma'aikata da abokan ciniki a ƙofar da fita.

Alfa-Bank a cikin rassa da yawa ƙaddamar aikin matukin jirgi don nazarin motsin zuciyar abokin ciniki a ainihin lokacin. Algorithms suna gina madaidaicin nuni na gamsuwar abokin ciniki, gano abubuwan da ke faruwa a canje-canje a cikin tunanin tunanin ziyartar reshe, da ba da kima na ziyarar gaba ɗaya.

Na Microsoft ya fada game da gwada tsarin don nazarin yanayin tunanin 'yan kallo a cikin sinima (ƙimar haƙiƙa na ingancin fim a ainihin lokacin), da kuma tantance wanda ya ci nasara a cikin zaɓin "Audience Award" a gasar cin kofin Imagine Cup (da nasara ta sami nasara ta hanyar ƙungiyar da ayyukan da masu sauraro suka yi mafi inganci) .

Duk abubuwan da ke sama kawai farkon sabon zamani ne. A Jami'ar Jihar North Carolina, yayin da suke daukar kwasa-kwasan ilimi, an dauki hoton fuskokin dalibai ta hanyar daukar hoto, bidiyon daga shi nazari tsarin hangen nesa na kwamfuta wanda ke gane motsin zuciyarmu. Dangane da bayanan da aka samu, malamai sun gyara dabarun koyarwa.

A cikin tsarin ilimi, a gaba ɗaya, rashin isasshen hankali yana biya don kimanta motsin zuciyarmu. Amma kuna iya kimanta ingancin koyarwa, haɗin gwiwar ɗalibai, gano mummunan motsin rai, da tsara tsarin ilimi bisa bayanan da aka karɓa.

Face Gane Ivideon: alƙaluma da motsin zuciyarmu

Yanzu rahoto kan motsin rai ya bayyana a cikin tsarin mu.

Wani filin “Tausayi” daban ya bayyana akan katunan taron gano fuska, kuma a shafin “Rahoto” a cikin sashin “fuskoki” akwai sabon nau'in rahotanni - ta awa da rana:

Yana yiwuwa a zazzage tushen bayanan duk abubuwan ganowa kuma samar da naku rahotanni dangane da su.

Har zuwa kwanan nan, duk tsarin gano motsin rai yana aiki a matakin gwajin gwaje-gwajen da aka gwada tare da taka tsantsan. Kudin irin wadannan matukan jirgi ya yi tsada sosai.

Muna son yin nazari a cikin sanannun duniyar sabis da na'urori, don haka daga yau "motsi" suna samuwa ga duk abokan ciniki na Ivideon. Ba mu gabatar da wani shiri na musamman na jadawalin kuɗin fito ba, ba mu samar da kyamarori na musamman, kuma muna yin iyakar ƙoƙarinmu don kawar da duk wasu shingen da zai yiwu. Tariffs sun kasance ba su canzawa; kowa zai iya haɗa nazarin motsin rai tare da sanin fuska don 1 rubles. kowane wata.

Ana gabatar da sabis ɗin a ciki asusun sirri mai amfani. Kuma a kan shafin talla mun tattara ƙarin bayanai masu ban sha'awa game da tsarin gane fuska na Ivideon.

source: www.habr.com