A taron Linux Plumbers 2021, Google yayi magana game da nasarar yunƙurinsa na canza tsarin dandamali na Android don amfani da kwaya ta Linux ta yau da kullun maimakon amfani da nau'in kernel ɗin sa, wanda ya haɗa da canje-canje na musamman ga dandamali na Android.
Mafi mahimmancin canji a cikin ci gaba shine yanke shawarar canzawa bayan 2023 zuwa samfurin "Upstream First", wanda ke nuna haɓaka duk sabbin fasalolin kernel da ake buƙata a cikin dandamalin Android kai tsaye a cikin babban kwaya na Linux, kuma ba a cikin nasu rassan daban ba. Za a fara haɓaka aiki zuwa babban ɗaya) kernel, sannan a yi amfani da shi a cikin Android, ba akasin haka ba). An kuma shirya canja wurin duk ƙarin facin da suka rage a cikin reshen Kernel na Android na gama gari zuwa babban kwaya kuma an shirya shi don 2023 da 2024.
Amma game da nan gaba, don dandamali na Android 12 da ake tsammanin a farkon Oktoba, za a ba da taruka na kernel "Generic Kernel Image" (GKI), kusa da yuwuwar kwaya ta 5.10 na yau da kullun. Don waɗannan abubuwan ginawa, za a samar da sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa akai-akai, waɗanda za a buga su a ma'ajiyar ci.android.com. A cikin kernel na GKI, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun dandamali na Android, da ma'aikatan tallafi masu alaƙa da kayan aiki daga OEMs, ana sanya su a cikin keɓaɓɓun samfuran kwaya. Waɗannan nau'ikan ba su da alaƙa da sigar babban kwaya kuma ana iya haɓaka su daban, wanda ke sauƙaƙa da kulawa da jujjuyawar na'urori zuwa sabbin rassan kernel.
Ana aiwatar da musaya ɗin da masu kera na'urar ke buƙata ta hanyar ƙugiya, waɗanda ke ba ku damar canza halayen kwaya ba tare da yin canje-canje ga lambar ba. Gabaɗaya, android12-5.10 kernel yana ba da ƙugiya na yau da kullun 194, kama da wuraren ganowa, da ƙugiya na musamman guda 107 waɗanda ke ba ku damar gudanar da masu sarrafa a cikin mahallin da ba na atomatik ba. A cikin kernel na GKI, an hana masu kera kayan masarufi yin amfani da takamaiman faci ga babban kwaya, kuma dole ne masu siye su ba da kayan tallafin kayan masarufi kawai ta hanyar ƙarin ƙirar kwaya, waɗanda dole ne su tabbatar da dacewa da babban kernel.
Bari mu tuna cewa dandamalin Android yana haɓaka reshen kernel na kansa - Android Common Kernel, wanda a kan tushensa aka keɓance takamaiman majalisu ga kowace na'ura. Kowane reshe na Android yana ba masana'antun zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa don shimfidar kernel don na'urorinsu. Misali, Android 11 ta ba da zaɓi na kernels guda uku - 4.14, 4.19 da 5.4, kuma Android 12 za ta ba da ainihin kernels 4.19, 5.4 da 5.10. Zaɓin 5.10 an ƙirƙira shi azaman Hoton Generic Kernel, wanda a cikinsa ana canza ƙarfin da ake buƙata don OEMs zuwa sama, sanya su cikin kayayyaki ko canjawa wuri zuwa Kernel gama gari na Android.
Kafin zuwan GKI, Android kernel ya wuce matakai da yawa na shirye-shirye:
- Dangane da manyan kernels na LTS (3.18, 4.4, 4.9, 4.14, 4.19, 5.4), an ƙirƙiri reshe na “Android Common Kernel”, wanda a cikinsa aka canza faci na musamman na Android (a baya girman canje-canje ya kai layukan miliyan da yawa. ).
- Dangane da "Android Common Kernel", masu yin guntu irin su Qualcomm, Samsung da MediaTek sun kafa "SoC Kernel" wanda ya haɗa da add-ons don tallafawa kayan aikin.
- Dangane da SoC Kernel, masana'antun na'urar sun kirkiro Kernel na Na'ura, wanda ya haɗa da canje-canje masu alaƙa da tallafi don ƙarin kayan aiki, fuska, kyamarori, tsarin sauti, da sauransu.
Wannan dabarar ta rikitar da aiwatar da sabuntawa sosai don kawar da rauni da sauyawa zuwa sabbin rassan kwaya. Kodayake Google a kai a kai yana fitar da sabuntawa zuwa kernel ɗin Android (Android Common Kernel), masu siyarwa galibi suna jinkirin isar da waɗannan sabuntawar ko gabaɗaya suna amfani da kwaya iri ɗaya a duk tsawon rayuwar na'urar.
source: budenet.ru