Shin yana da wahala a fahimci babban batu lokacin magana game da DevOps? Mun tattaro muku fitattun kwatance, dabaru masu kayatarwa da nasiha daga masana da za su taimaka ma wadanda ba kwararru ba su kai ga gaci. A ƙarshe, kyautar ita ce DevOps na ma'aikatan Red Hat.
Kalmar DevOps ta samo asali ne shekaru 10 da suka wuce kuma ya tafi daga hashtag na Twitter zuwa wani motsi na al'adu mai karfi a cikin duniyar IT, falsafar gaskiya wadda ke ƙarfafa masu haɓakawa don yin abubuwa da sauri, gwaji, da kuma ci gaba. DevOps ya zama mai alaƙa da alaƙa da manufar canjin dijital. Amma kamar yadda sau da yawa ke faruwa tare da kalmomin IT, a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata DevOps ya sami ma'anoni da yawa, fassarori da rashin fahimta game da kanta.
Don haka, sau da yawa kuna iya jin tambayoyi game da DevOps kamar, daidai yake da agile? Ko kuwa wannan wata hanya ce ta musamman? Ko dai wani ma'anar kalmar "haɗin kai" ne?
DevOps ya ƙunshi ra'ayoyi daban-daban da yawa (ci gaba da bayarwa, ci gaba da haɗa kai, aiki da kai, da sauransu), don haka ƙaddamar da abin da ke da mahimmanci na iya zama ƙalubale, musamman lokacin da kuke sha'awar batun. Duk da haka, wannan fasaha tana da amfani sosai, ko da kuna ƙoƙarin isar da ra'ayoyin ku ga manyan ku ko kuna gaya wa wani daga danginku ko abokanku kawai game da aikinku. Don haka, bari mu ajiye ƙa'idodin ƙa'idodin DevOps a yanzu kuma mu mai da hankali kan babban hoto.
Menene DevOps: Ma'anar 6 da Analogies
Mun tambayi masana da su bayyana ainihin DevOps a sauƙaƙe kuma a takaice yadda zai yiwu don darajarsa ta bayyana ga masu karatu tare da kowane matakin ilimin fasaha. Dangane da sakamakon waɗannan tattaunawar, mun zaɓi mafi kyawun kwatance da ƙira waɗanda zasu taimaka muku gina labarin ku game da DevOps.
1. DevOps motsi ne na al'adu
"DevOps wani motsi ne na al'adu wanda bangarorin biyu (masu haɓaka software da ƙwararrun tsarin IT) suka gane cewa software ba ta kawo fa'idodi na gaske har sai wani ya fara amfani da shi: abokan ciniki, abokan ciniki, ma'aikata, ba batun ba," in ji Eveline Oehrlich, babban bincike. manazarci a Cibiyar DevOps. "Saboda haka, duka waɗannan ɓangarorin biyu tare suna tabbatar da isar da software cikin sauri da inganci."
2. DevOps shine game da ƙarfafa masu haɓakawa.
"DevOps yana ba masu haɓakawa damar mallakar aikace-aikace, gudanar da su, da sarrafa bayarwa daga farko zuwa ƙarshe."
"Yawanci, DevOps ana magana ne game da hanyar da za a hanzarta isar da aikace-aikacen don samarwa ta hanyar ginawa da aiwatar da hanyoyin sarrafawa," in ji Jai Schniepp, darektan dandamali na DevOps a kamfanin inshora na Liberty Mutual. "Amma a gare ni abu ne mai mahimmanci." DevOps yana ba masu haɓaka damar mallakar aikace-aikace ko takamaiman software, sarrafa su, da sarrafa isar da su daga farko zuwa ƙarshe. DevOps yana kawar da rudani na alhaki kuma yana jagorantar duk wanda ke da hannu wajen ƙirƙirar kayan aiki mai sarrafa kansa, mai haɓakawa. "
3. DevOps shine game da haɗin gwiwa wajen ƙirƙira da isar da aikace-aikace.
"A sauƙaƙe, DevOps wata hanya ce ta samar da software da bayarwa inda kowa da kowa ke aiki tare," in ji Gur Staf, shugaban kuma shugaban kasuwancin dijital a BMC.
4. DevOps bututu ne
"Taron jigilar kayayyaki yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan duk sassan sun dace tare."
"Zan kwatanta DevOps zuwa layin hada mota," in ji Gur Staff. - Manufar ita ce zayyana da kuma yin dukkan sassan a gaba ta yadda za a iya haɗa su ba tare da daidaitawar mutum ba. Haɗin kai yana yiwuwa ne kawai idan duk sassan sun dace tare. Waɗanda suka kera injin ɗin kuma su yi la’akari da yadda za su ɗaga shi a jiki ko firam. Masu yin birki dole ne su yi tunani game da ƙafafun, da sauransu. Hakanan yakamata ya kasance gaskiya game da software.
Mai haɓaka ƙirƙira dabaru na kasuwanci ko haɗin gwiwar mai amfani dole ne yayi tunani game da bayanan da ke adana bayanan abokin ciniki, matakan tsaro don kare bayanan mai amfani, da kuma yadda duk wannan zai yi aiki lokacin da sabis ɗin ya fara yin hidima mai girma, watakila ma masu sauraro na miliyoyin daloli. ."
“Samar da mutane su haɗa kai da tunani game da sassan aikin da wasu ke yi, maimakon mayar da hankali kan ayyukan kansu kawai, shine babban cikas da za a shawo kan su. Idan za ku iya yin wannan, kuna da kyakkyawar dama ta canjin dijital, ”in ji Gur Staff.
5. DevOps shine daidaitaccen haɗin mutane, matakai da aiki da kai
Jayne Groll, babban darektan Cibiyar DevOps, ya ba da babban kwatance don bayyana DevOps. A cikin kalmominta, "DevOps kamar girke-girke ne tare da manyan nau'ikan sinadaran guda uku: mutane, tsari da sarrafa kansa. Yawancin waɗannan sinadarai za a iya ɗauka daga wasu wurare da tushe: Lean, Agile, SRE, CI / CD, ITIL, jagoranci, al'adu, kayan aiki. Sirrin DevOps, kamar kowane girke-girke mai kyau, shine yadda ake samun daidaitattun daidaitattun abubuwa da haɗa waɗannan sinadarai don haɓaka sauri da inganci na ƙirƙira da sakin aikace-aikacen. "
6. DevOps shine lokacin da masu shirye-shirye suke aiki kamar ƙungiyar Formula 1
"Ba a shirya tseren daga farko zuwa ƙarshe ba, amma akasin haka, daga ƙarshe zuwa farko."
"Lokacin da na yi magana game da abin da zan jira daga shirin DevOps, ina tunanin NASCAR ko ƙungiyar tsere ta Formula 1 a matsayin misali," in ji Chris Short, babban manajan tallace-tallacen dandamali na girgije a Red Hat kuma mawallafin DevOps'ish Newsletter. – Jagoran irin wannan kungiya yana da manufa daya: don daukar matsayi mafi girma a karshen tseren, la’akari da albarkatun da kungiyar ke da su da kuma kalubalen da suka same ta. A wannan yanayin, ana shirya tseren ba daga farko zuwa ƙarshe ba, amma akasin haka, daga ƙarshe zuwa farawa. Da farko, an kafa wani buri mai cike da buri, sannan kuma a tsara hanyoyin da za a bi domin cimma shi. Sannan a rarraba su zuwa ƙananan ayyuka kuma a ba su wakilci ga membobin ƙungiyar. "
“Kungiyar tana shafe tsawon mako guda kafin tseren don kammala tasha. Yana yin ƙarfin horo da motsa jiki don kasancewa cikin tsari don ranar tsere mai wahala. Ayyukan aiki tare don magance duk wata matsala da ka iya tasowa yayin tseren. Hakazalika, ya kamata ƙungiyar ci gaba ta horar da fasaha na fitar da sababbin sigogi akai-akai. Idan kuna da irin wannan ƙwarewar da tsarin tsaro mai aiki mai kyau, ƙaddamar da sabbin nau'ikan cikin samarwa kuma yana faruwa sau da yawa. A cikin wannan ra'ayi na duniya, ƙarin saurin yana nufin ƙarin aminci, "in ji Short.
Short ya kara da cewa: “Ba batun yin ‘abin da ya dace ba ne,’ yana nufin kawar da abubuwa da yawa da za su kawo cikas ga sakamakon da ake so. Haɗin kai da daidaitawa dangane da martanin da kuke karɓa a ainihin lokacin. Kasance cikin shiri don abubuwan da ba su da kyau kuma kuyi aiki don haɓaka inganci don rage tasirinsu akan ci gaba zuwa burin ku. Wannan shine abin da ke jiran mu a duniyar DevOps. "
Yadda ake auna DevOps: shawarwari 10 daga masana
Kawai cewa DevOps da taro DevOps abubuwa ne daban-daban. Za mu gaya muku yadda ake shawo kan shinge a hanya daga farko zuwa na biyu.
Ga ƙungiyoyi da yawa, tafiya zuwa DevOps yana farawa cikin sauƙi da jin daɗi. An ƙirƙiri ƙananan ƙungiyoyi masu sha'awa, an maye gurbin tsoffin matakai tare da sababbi, kuma nasarar farko ba ta daɗe ba.
Kaico, wannan glitz na ƙarya ne kawai, ruɗi na ci gaba, in ji Ben Grinnell, manajan darakta kuma shugaban dijital a tuntuɓar North Highland. Nasarar farko tabbas abin ƙarfafawa ne, amma ba sa taimakawa cimma maƙasudi na ɗaukaka DevOps a duk faɗin ƙungiyar.
Yana da sauƙi a ga cewa sakamakon shine al'adun rarraba tsakanin "mu" da "su".
"Sau da yawa, ƙungiyoyi suna ƙaddamar da waɗannan ayyukan majagaba suna tunanin za su share hanyar DevOps na yau da kullun, ba tare da yin la'akari da ko wasu za su iya ko a shirye su bi wannan hanyar ba," in ji Ben Grinnell. - Ƙungiyoyi don aiwatar da irin waɗannan ayyuka yawanci ana daukar su ne daga masu dogara da kansu "Varangians" waɗanda suka riga sun yi wani abu makamancin haka a wasu wurare, amma sababbi ne ga ƙungiyar ku. A lokaci guda kuma, ana ƙarfafa su da su karya da kuma lalata ƙa'idodin da suka ci gaba da aiki a kan kowa. Yana da sauƙi a ga cewa sakamakon shine al'adun "mu" da "su" wanda ke hana canja wurin ilimi da basira.
"Kuma wannan matsalar al'ada ɗaya ce kawai daga cikin dalilan da DevOps ke da wahalar aunawa. Ƙungiyoyin DevOps suna fuskantar ƙarin ƙalubalen fasaha waɗanda ke da alaƙa da kamfanonin IT-farko masu saurin girma, "in ji Steve Newman, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Scalyr.
“A duniyar zamani, ayyuka suna canzawa da zarar bukatar hakan ta taso. Yana da kyau a ci gaba da aiwatarwa da aiwatar da sabbin abubuwa, amma daidaita wannan tsari da kawar da matsalolin da ke tasowa shine ainihin ciwon kai, in ji Steve Newman. - A cikin ƙungiyoyi masu haɓakawa da sauri, injiniyoyi akan ƙungiyoyin aikin giciye suna kokawa don kiyaye ganuwa zuwa canji da tasirin dogaro-matakin cascading da yake haifarwa. Bugu da ƙari, injiniyoyi ba sa jin daɗi idan aka hana su wannan damar kuma, saboda haka, yana ƙara musu wuya su fahimci ainihin matsalolin da ke tasowa.”
Ta yaya za a shawo kan waɗannan ƙalubalen da aka bayyana a sama kuma ku matsa zuwa ɗaukar nauyin DevOps a cikin babbar ƙungiya? Kwararru sun bukaci haƙuri, ko da babban burin ku shine don hanzarta zagayowar ci gaban software da hanyoyin kasuwanci.
1. Ka tuna cewa canjin al'ada yana ɗaukar lokaci.
Jayne Groll, Babban Darakta, Cibiyar DevOps: "A ra'ayi na, fadada DevOps ya kamata ya zama mai haɓakawa da haɓakawa kamar haɓaka mai ƙarfi (kuma daidai da taɓa al'ada). Agile da DevOps sun jaddada ƙananan ƙungiyoyi. Amma yayin da waɗannan ƙungiyoyin ke girma da yawa da haɗin kai, mun ƙare tare da ƙarin mutane suna ɗaukar sabbin hanyoyin aiki, kuma a sakamakon haka ana samun gagarumin sauyi na al'adu. "
2. Ba da isasshen lokacin tsarawa da zabar dandamali
Eran Kinsbruner, Jagoran Bisharar Fasaha a Perfecto: "Don haɓaka aiki, ƙungiyoyin DevOps dole ne su fara koyon haɗa hanyoyin al'ada, kayan aiki, da ƙwarewa, sannan sannu a hankali haɓaka da daidaita kowane lokaci na DevOps. Dukkanin yana farawa ne da tsare-tsare a hankali na labarun masu amfani da rafukan ƙima, sannan rubuta software da sarrafa sigar ta amfani da ci gaban tushen gangar jikin ko wasu hanyoyin da suka dace da reshe da lambar haɗawa."
"Sa'an nan kuma ya zo da haɗin kai da matakin gwaji, inda aka riga an buƙaci wani dandamali mai daidaitawa don sarrafa kansa. Wannan shine inda yake da mahimmanci ga ƙungiyoyin DevOps su zaɓi dandamali mai dacewa wanda ya dace da matakin ƙwarewar su da ƙarshen burin aikin.
Mataki na gaba shine turawa don samarwa kuma wannan yakamata ya zama mai sarrafa kansa ta amfani da kayan aikin ƙungiyar kade da kwantena. Yana da mahimmanci a sami ingantaccen yanayi a duk matakan DevOps (na'urar kwaikwayo ta samarwa, yanayin QA, da yanayin samarwa na ainihi) kuma koyaushe amfani da sabbin bayanai kawai don gwaje-gwaje don samun sakamako masu dacewa. Dole ne bincike ya zama mai wayo kuma yana iya sarrafa manyan bayanai tare da amsa mai sauri da aiki."
3. Cire laifin daga alhaki.
Gordon Haff, RedHat Bishara: "Ƙirƙirar tsari da yanayi wanda ke ba da izini da ƙarfafa gwaji yana ba da damar abin da aka sani da gazawar nasara a ci gaban software. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa babu wani wanda ke da alhakin gazawar. A gaskiya ma, gano wanda ke da alhakin ya zama mafi sauƙi, tun da yake “ba da alƙawari” ba ya nufin “haɗa haɗari.” Wato ainihin alhakin yana canzawa da inganci. Abubuwa huɗu sun zama masu mahimmanci: girman rushewa, hanyoyin, hanyoyin samarwa da abubuwan ƙarfafawa. " (Za ku iya karanta ƙarin game da waɗannan abubuwan a cikin labarin Gordon Huff "Darussan DevOps: 4 fannoni na gwaje-gwajen lafiya.")
4. Share hanyar gaba
Ben Grinnell, manajan darekta kuma shugaban dijital a shawara ta Arewa Highland: "Don cimma ma'auni, ina ba da shawarar ƙaddamar da shirin "share hanya" tare da ayyukan majagaba. Manufar wannan shirin ita ce tsaftace dattin da majagaba na DevOps suka bari, kamar tsofaffin dokoki da abubuwa makamantansu, ta yadda hanyar ci gaba ta kasance a sarari.”
“Ba wa mutane goyon baya na ƙungiya da kuzari ta hanyar sadarwar da ta wuce ƙungiyar majagaba ta hanyar bikin nasarorin sabbin hanyoyin aiki. Kocin mutanen da ke da hannu a cikin ayyukan DevOps na gaba kuma suna fargaba game da amfani da DevOps a karon farko. Kuma ka tuna cewa waɗannan mutanen sun bambanta da majagaba.”
5. Dimokaradiyya kayan aiki
Steve Newman, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Scalyr: “Kada a ɓoye kayan aikin ga mutane, kuma yakamata su kasance da sauƙin koyo ga duk wanda ke son saka lokacin. Idan ikon yin rajistar rajistan ayyukan ya iyakance ga mutane uku “an ba da izini” don amfani da kayan aiki, koyaushe za ku sami iyakar mutane uku da za su iya magance matsalar, koda kuwa kuna da babban wurin sarrafa kwamfuta. Wato, a nan akwai ƙulli wanda zai iya haifar da mummunan sakamako (kasuwanci)."
6. Ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau don aikin ƙungiya
Tom Clark, shugaban Platform na gama gari a ITV: "Za ku iya yin komai, amma ba komai lokaci guda ba. Don haka saita manyan manufofi, fara ƙanƙanta, kuma ci gaba cikin hanzari. Bayan lokaci, za ku sami suna don yin abubuwa, don haka wasu za su so su yi amfani da hanyoyin ku. Kuma kada ku damu da gina ƙungiya mai tasiri sosai. Maimakon haka, samar wa mutane kyakkyawan yanayin aiki da inganci zai biyo baya. "
7. Kar a manta game da Dokokin Conway da Kanban
Logan Daigle, Daraktan Isar da Software da Dabarun DevOps a CollabNetVersionOne: “Yana da mahimmanci a fahimci sakamakon Dokar Conway. A cikin sakin maganata, wannan doka ta bayyana cewa samfuran da muke ƙirƙira da kuma hanyoyin da muke amfani da su don yin hakan, gami da DevOps, sun kasance an tsara su kamar yadda ƙungiyarmu ta kasance. "
"Idan akwai silo da yawa a cikin kungiya, kuma sarrafa canje-canje sau da yawa lokacin tsarawa, gini da fitar da software, tasirin sikelin zai zama sifili ko gajere. Idan kungiya ta gina ƙungiyoyin haɗin gwiwa a kusa da samfuran da aka ba da tallafi tare da mayar da hankali kan kasuwa, to, damar samun nasara ta ƙaru sosai."
"Wani muhimmin al'amari na sikeli shine nuna duk ayyukan da ake ci gaba (WIP, workinprogress) akan allunan Kanban. Lokacin da kungiya ta sami wurin da mutane za su iya ganin waɗannan abubuwa, tana ƙarfafa haɗin gwiwa sosai, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau ga ƙima. "
8. Nemo tsofaffin tabo
Manuel Pais, mashawarcin DevOps kuma marubucin Topologies Team: "Ɗaukar ayyukan DevOps fiye da Dev da Ops kanta da ƙoƙarin amfani da su zuwa wasu ayyuka ba hanya ce mafi kyau ba. Tabbas wannan zai sami ɗan tasiri (alal misali, ta sarrafa sarrafa hannu), amma ana iya samun ƙarin ƙari idan muka fara da fahimtar hanyoyin isar da amsa.
"Idan akwai tsofaffin tabo a cikin tsarin IT na kungiya - hanyoyin da tsarin gudanarwa da aka aiwatar a sakamakon abubuwan da suka faru a baya, amma sun rasa dacewa (saboda canje-canjen samfurori, fasaha ko matakai) - to lallai suna buƙatar cire su. ko kuma daidaitacce, maimakon sarrafa ayyukan da ba su da inganci ko waɗanda ba dole ba.”
9. Kada ku ƙirƙiri zaɓuɓɓukan DevOps
Anthony Edwards, Daraktan Ayyuka a Eggplant: "DevOps wani lokaci ne mara tushe, don haka kowace ƙungiya ta ƙare da nau'in DevOps nata. Kuma babu wani abin da ya fi muni idan ƙungiya ba zato ba tsammani tana da nau'ikan DevOps guda 20 waɗanda ba sa jituwa tare. Ba shi yiwuwa kowane ɗayan ƙungiyoyin ci gaba guda uku su sami nasu, mu'amala ta musamman tsakanin haɓakawa da sarrafa samfur. Haka kuma bai kamata samfuran su sami nasu keɓantaccen tsammaninsu don sarrafa martani lokacin da aka canza su zuwa na'urar kwaikwayo ta samarwa ba. In ba haka ba, ba za ku taɓa iya haɓaka DevOps ba. ”
10. Wa'azin darajar kasuwancin DevOps
Steve Newman, wanda ya kafa kuma shugaban Scalyr: "Aiki don gane darajar DevOps. Koyi kuma ku ji daɗin magana game da fa'idodin abin da kuke yi. DevOps wani lokaci ne mai ban mamaki da tanadin kuɗi (kawai tunani: ƙarancin lokaci, ɗan gajeren lokaci don murmurewa), kuma ƙungiyoyin DevOps dole ne su jajirce (da yin wa'azi) mahimmancin waɗannan yunƙurin don samun nasarar kasuwanci. Ta wannan hanyar za ku iya faɗaɗa da'irar mabiya kuma ku ƙara tasirin DevOps a cikin ƙungiyar. "
BONUS
a kan DevOps namu zai zo ranar 13 ga Satumba - a, Red Hat, a matsayin mai kera software, yana da ƙungiyoyin DevOps da ayyuka.
Injiniyan mu Mark Birger, wanda ke haɓaka sabis na sarrafa kansa na cikin gida don sauran ƙungiyoyi a duk faɗin ƙungiyar, zai ba da labarin nasa cikin tsantsar Rashanci - yadda ƙungiyar Red Hat DevOps ta yi ƙaura daga aikace-aikacen Hat Virtualization kama-da-wane yanayi wanda Mai yiwuwa ya sami cikakken tsarin kwantena a kan. OpenShift dandamali.
Amma ba duka ba:
Da zarar ƙungiyoyi sun matsar da kayan aiki zuwa kwantena, hanyoyin lura da aikace-aikacen gargajiya na iya yin aiki ba. A cikin magana ta biyu za mu bayyana dalilin da ya sa muka canza hanyar da muke shiga tare da nuna ci gaban hanyar da ta kai mu ga hanyoyin saren katako da sa ido na zamani.
source: www.habr.com