A cikin 2019, zai kasance shekaru 100 tun lokacin da ɗan ƙasarmu ya shigar da takardar izinin izinin jetpack. Yau, 11 ga Satumba, ita ce ranar haihuwar wanda ya kirkiro.
"A wani matsayi tare da taimakon na'ura, za ku iya yin binciken sararin samaniya tare da tsaro mafi girma fiye da a cikin jirgin sama ... duka sassan soja, suna sanye da waɗannan na'urori (kudin da ake samar da masana'antu zai kasance mai tsada sau da yawa fiye da yadda ya kamata). bindiga), yayin da ake kai hare-hare na gabaɗaya da kewayen kagara, suna ƙetare duk wani cikas na duniya, za su iya tashi gaba ɗaya cikin yardar kaina a bayan layin abokan gaba."
- Alexander Andreev
Nauyin na'urar shine 42 kg + 8 kilogiram na man fetur (methane da oxygen).
Nauyin matukin ya kai kilogiram 50.
Nisa - 20 km.
Gudun gudu - 200 km / h.
(Satumba 11, 1893, Kolpino - Disamba 15, 1941, Leningrad) - Mai ƙirƙira Soviet wanda ya ƙera motar roka ta farko a duniya wanda injin jet mai ruwa ya yi ƙarfi.
Andreev samu sakandare fasaha ilimi. Tun farkon shekarun 1920 ya zauna a Leningrad. A shekara ta 1919 ya kera motar roka ta farko a duniya da injin jet na ruwa ke sarrafa shi. An aika aikin zuwa Majalisar Kwamitocin Jama'a, kuma daga nan zuwa Kwamitin Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar. Aikace-aikacen haƙƙin mallaka, bayan samun amsa mai mahimmanci, an ƙi. A cikin 1925, mai ƙirƙira ya ƙaddamar da sabon sigar aikace-aikacen da aka sabunta. Bayan ingantaccen nazari daga ƙwararru da ƙarin bita na rubutu, an ba da takardar izinin ƙirƙira a cikin 1928. ()
1919
A cikin Rubutun Jihar Leningrad a cikin Vyborg (LOGAV) akwai rubutun da aka rubuta (LOGAV. F. R-4476, op. 6, d. 3809.) na aikin tare da alamun rajista biyu a shafi na farko. Alamar farko tana kama da haka:
"SAMUN KASUWANCI
Krestyansk. da Aiki. Gwamnatoci
Jamhuriyar Rasha 14/XII 1919
Mai shigowa No. 19644."
Alama ta biyu:
"KWAMITIN
don ƙirƙira
A Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha.
V.S.N.X.
19 Disamba 1919
A ciki No. 3648."
Takardar da waɗannan alamomin ta kasance, kamar haka daga bayanin mai kwanan watan Fabrairu 10, 1921, wanda mai ƙirƙira ya rubuta da hannu, ɗaya daga cikin kwafi uku na rubutun aikin da aka ƙaddamar ga KDI tare da aikace-aikacen (sauran biyun ana ajiye su a cikin fayil ɗin ajiya iri ɗaya). ).
Don haka, an shirya aikin jirgin jakunkuna a tsakiyar Disamba 1919 kuma ya sami damar ziyartar manyan cibiyoyin gwamnati biyu a cikin Disamba.
Ana iya ɗauka cewa abubuwan sun faru kamar haka.
Mai ƙirƙira ya aika da aikin ga majalisar kwamitocin jama'a maimakon ƙoƙarin samun kayan aiki don aiwatar da shirin nasa maimakon fatan ba da haƙƙin mallaka. Shawarwari na gwaji don amfani da soja na na'urar (a cikin "Manufa" sashe Andreev ya rubuta: "A wani matsayi tare da taimakon na'urar za ku iya yin binciken sararin samaniya tare da mafi aminci fiye da a kan jirgin sama ... duka sassan soja suna sanye da kayan aiki. wadannan na'urorin (kudin da a cikin masana'anta samar zai zama sau da yawa mafi tsada fiye da bindiga ) a lokacin general offensives da siege na kagara, bypassing duk duniya cikas, za su iya tashi gaba daya da yardar kaina zuwa ga raya na abokan gaba ", zai zama alama. , ya ba mu damar fatan kyakkyawan hali na gwamnati game da ƙirƙira.
Duk da haka, Majalisar Kwamandan Jama'a, kamar yadda za a iya ɗauka bisa ƙaramin bambanci tsakanin kwanakin da aka nuna na rajista, ba a yi la'akari da shi ba, amma an tura shi nan da nan zuwa adireshin da ya fi dacewa - zuwa Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha na Majalisar Koli Tattalin Arziki na Ƙasa, ko ma kai tsaye zuwa KDI. Bugu da ƙari, an yi wannan, a fili, cikin gaggawa mai girma: a cikin log na takardun shigowa na Majalisar Wakilan Jama'a na 1919, layin lambar mai shigowa 19644 (daga wanda aka karɓi takardar, ga wane hali aka aika) ba an cika su gaba ɗaya, kamar yadda layin ƙarin lambobi uku ke kusa da shi (19640, 19643, 19645) A bayyane yake, ma'aikatan Majalisar Wakilan Jama'a ba su da lokacin sarrafa wasiku a cikin Disamba 1919.
Babu sauran alamun kasancewar aikin Andreev a cikin 1919 a cikin majalisar wakilan jama'a - da kuma a cikin jikin majalisar koli na tattalin arzikin kasa -. Ba a san tsawon lokacin da aikin ya kasance a KDI ba kuma ba da daɗewa ba ya koma ga marubucin. []
1921
A cikin Fabrairu 1921 Andreev ya rubuta wata sanarwa zuwa ga KDI tare da bukatar samar da "haƙƙin doka" da ƙarancin kayan aiki don aiwatar da aikin, kuma, da rashin alheri, a cikin wannan sanarwa bai ambaci wata kalma game da abin da ya gabace shi ba.
Tarihin abubuwan da suka faru a takaice shine kamar haka. Dangane da mummunan bita ta E.N. Smirnov, ɗaya daga cikin ƙwararrun ƙwararrun biyu da KDU suka tuntuɓi (bita na biyu ya kasance mai katsewa sosai, kodayake gabaɗaya tabbatacce ne, wanda N.A. Rynin ya bayar), an ƙi aikace-aikacen. []
1925
A cikin Yuli 1925, mai ƙirƙira ya ƙaddamar da sabon sigar aikace-aikacen da aka sabunta sosai ga KDI. Gaskiya ne, kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, bita ya shafi mafi yawan gabatar da kayan kuma bai gabatar da sababbin cikakkun bayanai a cikin aikin ba; a zahiri, an rage shi gaba ɗaya zuwa bayanin rubutu na abubuwan haɗin gwiwa da majalisai, waɗanda a cikin 1919-1921. an gabatar da su kawai a cikin zane. Bayan ingantaccen nazari daga ƙwararren N.G. Baratov da ƙarin bita na rubutu, a ranar 31 ga Maris, 1928, an sanya hannu kan “Patent Letter for Patent for Invention”. []
Bayani na 4818
1928
“Bayan samun takardar shaidar mallaka a ranar 23 ga Agusta, 1928, na fara aiwatar da shi, saboda Yawancin aikin aiwatarwa yana faruwa ne a cikin ɗakin da nake zaune, sannan na nemi taimako don ba da izinin zama na tilastawa zuwa yankin 10 sq.m. da nake da shi, saboda wannan yana ba da gudummawa ga yin aiki mai nasara."
- Andreev
CBriz (Central Ofishin Ofishin Shirya Don aiwatar da kirkira da gabatar da kirkire-kirkire (a 9 daga injiniyan Kwatikar - ya ki da taimako da kuma neman taimakon.
A cikin tsawon shekaru 10, fasaha abun ciki na aikin Andreev bai canza ba daga farkon sigar zuwa sanannen ƙarshe. Na karshen ya bambanta da na farko a cikin juzu'in bayanin rubutu na wasu na'urori, wanda, ko da yake, kamar yadda ake iya gani daga sigar farko na zane, sun kasance a cikin shirin marubucin tun daga farkon, a cikin rubutun 1919 sun kasance. ko dai ba a yi la'akari da su gaba ɗaya ba ko kuma an bayyana su dalla-dalla fiye da na rubutun bayanin haƙƙin mallaka da aka buga a 1928, kamar na'urorin kunna wuta, famfo, kwantena don iskar gas. Wani bambanci tsakanin bayanin haƙƙin mallaka da ainihin aikin shine mafi girman ƙira na iyakokin aikace-aikacen na'urar: ba kawai (a cikin nau'i na jakar baya) don jirgin ɗan adam ba, har ma don motsi ƙananan lodi, alal misali, projectile with. iskar gas mai asphyxiating ko fashewa.
Babu wani abu da aka sani game da sakamakon sha'awar Andreev don aiwatar da aikinsa a aikace. []
N. A. Rynin. Roka. Kuma kai tsaye dauki injuna.
Littafin godiya ga abin da duniya ta sani game da Andreev.
Zane mai lamba. Hoto 1 da 2 - "fakitin" tare da tankuna da famfo mai, Fig. 3 da 4 - akwatin tsakiya, gonaki da injuna. Zana daga littafin N.A. Rynina
Sources
- wikipedia:
- Patent:
- Pikabu:
- Bita na soja:
- Kalandar jaruntakar Rasha:
- Abubuwan da suka shafi 'yan sama jannati:
- Abubuwan da suka shafi 'yan sama jannati:
Habradvigatel
JetCat 180 NX injin turbojet.
Irin wannan injin yana kashe 350 rubles. iya iya, . Mun saya da kudin mu. Na biyu - . Ana buƙatar jimlar injuna 4 - don matuƙar bakin ciki matukan jirgi ko injuna 6 don ɗaga gawa mai nauyin kilogiram 80.
Bidiyo daga .
Hasashe: Shin al'ummar habra za su iya yin guntuwa a cikin 500-1000 rubles na 3rd, injin habra na keɓaɓɓen? (rubuta a cikin PM ko email [email kariya])
source: www.habr.com