Lokaci na ƙarshe , yadda yunƙurin sarrafa tsarin ilmantarwa ya haifar da fitowar a cikin shekaru 60 na tsarin PLATO, wanda ya ci gaba sosai a lokacin. An samar mata da kwasa-kwasan horo da dama a fannoni daban-daban. Koyaya, PLATO yana da koma baya - ɗaliban jami'a waɗanda ke da tashoshi na musamman ne kawai ke samun damar samun kayan horo.
Halin ya canza tare da zuwan kwamfutoci na sirri. Don haka, software na ilimi ya zo ga duk jami'o'i, makarantu da gidaje. Mun ci gaba da labarin a karkashin yanke.
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Juyin juya halin kwamfuta
Na'urar da ta haifar da juyin juya hali na kwamfuta ita ce dangane da microprocessor na Intel 8080. Bus ɗin da aka ƙera don wannan kwamfuta ya zama ƙaƙƙarfan ma'auni na kwamfutoci na gaba. Injiniya Henry Edward Roberts ne ya haɓaka Altair a cikin 1975 don MITS. Duk da gazawa da yawa - na'urar ba ta da keyboard ko nuni - kamfanin ya sayar da na'urori dubu da yawa a cikin watan farko. Nasarar Altair 8800 ta share hanya ga sauran kwamfutoci.
A shekara ta 1977, Commodore ya shiga kasuwa da Commodore PET 2001. Wannan kwamfuta a cikin wani akwati mai nauyin kilogiram 11 tuni tana da na’ura mai ma’ana mai girman haruffa 40x25 da na’urar shigar da bayanai. A wannan shekarar, Apple Computer ya gabatar da Apple II. Yana da nunin launi, ginanniyar fassarar harshe na BASIC, kuma yana iya sake yin sauti. Apple II ya zama PC ga talakawa masu amfani, don haka ba kawai tech-savvy kwararru a jami'o'i, amma kuma malamai a makarantu aiki tare da shi. Wannan ya haifar da haɓaka software na ilimi mai araha.
A wani lokaci, wata malami daga Amirka, Ann McCormick, ta damu cewa wasu matasa suna karatu da rashin tabbas kuma a hankali. Saboda haka, ta yanke shawarar samar da sabuwar hanya don koyar da yara. A cikin 1979, McCormick ya sami kyauta kuma ya karɓi Apple II daga Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Apple. Haɗuwa da sojoji tare da likitan ilimin halin dan Adam na Stanford Teri Perl da mai tsara shirye-shiryen Atari Joseph Warren, ta kafa kamfanin. . Tare suka fara haɓaka software na ilmantarwa ga yaran makaranta.
A shekara ta 1984, Kamfanin Koyo ya buga wasannin ilimi goma sha biyar don yara. Misali, Rocky's Boots, wanda 'yan makaranta suka magance matsalolin tunani iri-iri. Ya ci matsayi na farko a cikin martabar ƙungiyar ciniki ta Mawallafa Software. Akwai kuma Rabbit mai karatu, wanda ya koyar da karatu da rubutu. A cikin shekaru goma an sayar da kwafin miliyan 14.
A shekara ta 1995, kudaden shiga na kamfanin ya kai dala miliyan 53,2. Editan Binciken Fasaha na Yara Warren Buckleitner Kamfanin Koyo "The Holy Grail of Learning." A cewarsa, aikin tawagar Anne McCormick ne ya taimaka wa malamai su fahimci yadda kwamfutocin kayan aikin ilimi ke da karfi.
Wanene kuma ya yi wannan?
A farkon rabin 80s, Kamfanin Koyo ba shine kaɗai mai haɓaka software na ilimi ba. Wasannin ilimi Mafi kyawun albarkatun, Daystar Learning Corporation, Saliyo On-Line da sauran ƙananan kamfanoni. Amma Brøderbund ne kawai ya maimaita nasarar Kamfanin Koyo - 'yan'uwa Doug da Gary Carlston ne suka kafa shi.
A wani lokaci kamfanin ya haɓaka wasanni, watakila shahararren aikin su shine Yariman Farisa. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ’yan’uwa suka mai da hankalinsu ga kayayyakin ilimi. Fayilolinsu sun haɗa da James Discovers Math and Math Workshop don koyar da ilimin lissafi na asali, Na'urar Rubutu mai ban mamaki don koyar da karatu da nahawu, da Mieko: Labari na Al'adun Jafananci, kwas kan tarihin Jafananci a cikin nau'in labarun nishadantarwa ga yara.
Malamai sun taka rawa wajen samar da manhajojin, sannan kuma sun kirkiro da tsarin darasi ta hanyar amfani da wannan manhaja. Kamfanin a kai a kai yana gudanar da tarukan karawa juna sani a makarantu don inganta ilimin kwamfuta, buga littattafan takarda don masu amfani, da shirye-shiryen rangwame ga cibiyoyin ilimi. Misali, a farashi na yau da kullun na Mieko: Labarin Al'adun Jafananci a $179,95, fasalin makarantar ya kai kusan rabin $ 89,95.
A shekara ta 1991, Brøderbund ya kama kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na kasuwar software na ilimi na Amurka. Nasarar da kamfanin ya samu ya ja hankalin Kamfanin Learning, wanda ya sayi abokin takararsa a kan dala miliyan 420.
Software don dalibai
Ilimin jami'a ba a bar shi daga juyin juya halin kwamfuta ba. A cikin 1982, MIT ta sayi kwamfutoci dozin da yawa don amfani da aji ta ɗaliban injiniya. Bayan shekara guda, bisa tushen jami'a tare da tallafin IBM, sun kaddamar da su . Kamfanin ya bai wa jami’ar kwamfutoci da adadinsu ya kai dala miliyan da dama da masu tsara shirye-shiryenta don samar da manhajoji na ilimi. Daliban duk manyan makarantu sun sami damar yin amfani da sabbin fasahohi, kuma an ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwa ta kwamfuta a harabar.
A cikin ƙarshen 80s, wani kayan aikin ilimi wanda ya dogara da UNIX ya bayyana a MIT, kuma ƙwararrun jami'a sun haɓaka shirye-shirye don sauran jami'o'i. An amince da cikakken tsarin koyar da ilimin kimiyyar dabi'a a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi nasara - ma'aikatan jami'a ba wai kawai sun rubuta karatun laccoci ba, har ma sun kaddamar da tsarin gwada ilimin dalibai.
Athena ita ce farkon amfani da kwamfutoci da software a jami'a kuma abin koyi ga irin wannan ayyuka a wasu cibiyoyin ilimi.
Haɓaka yanayin yanayin ilimi
Har ila yau, 'yan kasuwa sun fara nuna sha'awar software na ilimi a farkon shekarun 80. Bayan barin Microsoft a 1983 saboda rashin jituwa da Bill Gates, Paul Allen ya kafa Asymetrix Learning Systems. A can ya haɓaka yanayin abubuwan ilimi na Toolbook. Tsarin ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar samfuran multimedia daban-daban: kwasa-kwasan, aikace-aikacen gwada ilimi da ƙwarewa, gabatarwa da kayan tunani. A cikin 2001, Toolbook an gane shi a matsayin ɗayan mafi kyawun kayan aikin mu'amala don ilmantarwa ta e-iling.
Hakanan tsarin ilimin nesa ya fara haɓakawa. Majagaba shine shirin FirstClass, wanda mutane daga Bell Northern Research - Steve Asbury, Jon Asbury da Scott Welch suka haɓaka. Kunshin ya ƙunshi kayan aikin aiki tare da imel, raba fayil, taɗi, taro don malamai, ɗalibai da iyaye. Har yanzu ana amfani da tsarin kuma ana sabunta shi (yana cikin ɓangaren OpenTex fayil) - cibiyoyin ilimi dubu uku da masu amfani da miliyan tara a duniya suna da alaƙa da shi.
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Yaduwar Intanet a cikin 90s ya haifar da juyin juya hali na gaba a ilimi. Haɓaka software na ilimi ya ci gaba kuma ya sami sababbin ci gaba: a cikin 1997, an haifi manufar "yanayin ilmantarwa" (Interactive Learning Network).
Za mu yi magana game da wannan a gaba.
Muna da Habre:
source: www.habr.com