Lokaci na ƙarshe , yadda yunƙurin sarrafa tsarin ilmantarwa ya haifar da haɓaka tsarin PLATO wanda ya ci gaba sosai a shekarun 60. An samar da kwasa-kwasan da dama akan batutuwa daban-daban dominsa. Koyaya, PLATO yana da koma baya: ɗaliban jami'a da ke da tashoshi na musamman ne kawai ke samun damar yin amfani da kayan koyo.
Halin ya canza tare da zuwan kwamfutoci na sirri. Software na ilimi ya isa kowace jami'a, makaranta, da gida. Mu ci gaba da labarin a kasa.
Hotuna: / CC BY
Juyin juya halin kwamfuta
Na'urar da ta haifar da juyin juya hali na kwamfuta ita ce Dangane da microprocessor na Intel 8080, Altair 8800 ya zama ma'auni na gaskiya don kwamfutoci masu zuwa. Injiniya Henry Edward Roberts ya haɓaka Altair a cikin 1975 don MITS. Duk da gazawa da yawa - na'urar ba ta da keyboard ko nuni - kamfanin ya sayar da raka'a dubu da yawa a cikin wata na farko. Nasarar Altair 8800 ta ba da hanya ga sauran kwamfutoci na sirri.
A cikin 1977, Commodore ya ƙaddamar da Commodore PET 2001. Wannan kwamfutar karfe mai nauyin fam 25 tana da na'ura mai lura da haruffa 40x11 da na'urar shigar da bayanai. A wannan shekarar, Apple Computer ya gabatar da Apple II. Ya ƙunshi nunin launi, ginanniyar fassarar BASIC, da sauti. Apple II ya zama PC ga masu amfani da yau da kullun, ba kawai ɗaliban jami'a masu fasaha ba amma har da malaman makaranta. Wannan ya zaburar da haɓaka ingantaccen software na ilimi.
A wani lokaci, Ann McCormick, wata malama a Amirka, ta damu game da sannu-sannu da rashin tabbas na iya karatu na wasu matasa. Don haka, ta yanke shawarar haɓaka sabuwar hanyar koyarwa ga yara. A cikin 1979, McCormick ya sami tallafi da Apple II daga Gidauniyar Ilimi ta Apple. Haɗuwa da sojoji tare da masanin ilimin halin ɗan adam Stanford Teri Perl da mai tsara shirye-shiryen Atari Joseph Warren, ta kafa kamfanin. Tare suka fara haɓaka software na ilmantarwa ga yaran makaranta.
A shekara ta 1984, Kamfanin Koyo ya buga wasannin ilimi goma sha biyar don yara. Misali, Rocky's Boots, wanda ya kalubalanci 'yan makaranta don warware wasanin gwada ilimi iri-iri, ya yi nasara a matsayi na farko a cikin martabar ƙungiyar kasuwanci ta Mawallafin Software. Akwai kuma Rabbit mai karatu, wanda ya koyar da karatu da rubutu. A cikin shekaru goma, ya sayar da kwafi miliyan 14.
A shekarar 1995, kudaden shiga na kamfanin ya kai dala miliyan 53,2. Warren Buckleitner, editan mujallar Fasahar Yara na Yara Kamfanin Koyo shine "Mai Tsarki Grail na koyo." Ya ce aikin tawagar Ann McCormick ne ya taimaka wa malamai su fahimci yadda kwamfutoci za su iya zama kayan aikin ilimi.
Wanene kuma ya yi wannan?
A farkon rabin 80s, Kamfanin Koyo ba shine kaɗai mai haɓaka software na ilimi ba. Wasannin ilimi Mafi kyawun albarkatun, Daystar Learning Corporation, Saliyo On-Line, da sauran ƙananan kamfanoni suna cikin su. Amma kawai Brøderbund, wanda 'yan'uwa Doug da Gary Carlston suka kafa, ya sami damar maimaita nasarar Kamfanin Koyo.
A wani lokaci, kamfanin ya haɓaka wasanni, watakila shahararren aikin su shine Yariman Farisa. Amma ba da daɗewa ba ’yan’uwan suka mai da hankali ga kayayyakin ilimi. Fayilolinsu sun haɗa da James Discovers Math and Math Workshop don koyar da lissafi na asali, Na'urar Rubutu mai ban mamaki don koyar da karatu da nahawu, da Mieko: Labari na Al'adun Jafananci — kwas ɗin tarihin Jafananci a cikin nau'in ba da labari ga yara.
Malamai sun shiga cikin haɓaka manhajojin, kuma sun ƙirƙiro tsare-tsaren darasi ta amfani da software. Kamfanin a kai a kai yana gudanar da tarukan karawa juna sani a makarantu don inganta ilmantarwa ta hanyar kwamfuta, da buga littattafan masu amfani da takarda, da bayar da rangwame kan manhaja don cibiyoyin ilimi. Misali, yayin da Mieko: Labarin Al'adun Jafananci yawanci ana siyarwa akan $179,95, sigar makarantar ta kusan rabin farashin akan $89,95.
A shekara ta 1991, Brøderbund ya kama kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na kasuwar software na ilimi na Amurka. Nasarar da kamfanin ya samu ya ja hankalin Kamfanin Koyo, wanda ya samu dan takarar da ya kai dala miliyan 420.
Software don dalibai
Ba a bar ilimin jami'a daga juyin juya halin kwamfuta ba. A cikin 1982, MIT ta sayi PC dozin da yawa don azuzuwan injiniyanta. Bayan shekara guda, jami'ar ta ƙaddamar da shirin kimiyyar kwamfuta tare da tallafin IBM. Kamfanin ya baiwa jami'ar kwamfutoci da darajarsu ta kai dala miliyan da dama da kuma masu tsara shirye-shiryenta domin bunkasa manhajojin ilimi. Dalibai a duk manyan makarantu sun sami damar yin amfani da sabbin fasahohi, kuma an ƙaddamar da hanyar sadarwar kwamfuta a cikin harabar.
A ƙarshen 80s, MIT ta haɓaka kayan aikin ilimi na tushen UNIX, kuma ƙwararrun sa sun haɓaka shirye-shirye don sauran jami'o'i. Ɗaya daga cikin mafi nasara shi ne tsarin koyar da ilimin kimiyyar dabi'a - ma'aikatan jami'a ba kawai sun rubuta kwas na lacca na kwamfuta ba amma sun kaddamar da tsarin tantance dalibai.
Athena ta zama gwanin farko na yawan amfani da kwamfutoci da software a jami'a kuma abin koyi ga irin wannan ayyuka a wasu cibiyoyin ilimi.
Haɓaka yanayin yanayin ilimi
Har ila yau, 'yan kasuwa sun fara nuna sha'awar software na ilimi a farkon shekarun 80. Bayan barin Microsoft a 1983 saboda rashin jituwa da Bill Gates, Paul Allen ya kafa Asymetrix Learning Systems. A can, ya haɓaka Toolbook, yanayin abun ciki na ilimi. Tsarin ya ba da damar ƙirƙirar samfuran multimedia daban-daban: darussa, ilimi da aikace-aikacen gwaji na ƙwarewa, gabatarwa, da kayan tunani. A cikin 2001, Toolbook an gane shi a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun kayan aikin ilmantarwa na e-ilmantarwa.
Hakanan yanayin koyan nisa ya fara haɓakawa. Shirin majagaba shine FirstClass, wanda tsofaffin ɗaliban Bell Northern Research Steve Asbury, Jon Asbury, da Scott Welch suka haɓaka. Rukunin ya ƙunshi kayan aikin imel, raba fayil, taɗi, da taro don malamai, ɗalibai, da iyaye. Har yanzu ana amfani da tsarin kuma ana sabunta shi a yau (yana daga cikin babban fayil na OpenTex), yana hidimar cibiyoyin ilimi 3,000 da masu amfani miliyan 9 a duk duniya.
Hotuna: / CC BY-SA
Yaduwar yanar gizo a shekarun 90 ya haifar da wani juyin juya hali na ilimi. Ci gaban software na ilimi ya ci gaba da haɓakawa, tare da manufar "Interactive Learning Network" da aka haifa a 1997.
Za mu yi magana game da wannan a gaba.
Muna da Habre:
source: www.habr.com
