By A cewar wani bincike na Gallup na baya-bayan nan, adadin 'yan Rasha da ke son ƙaura zuwa wata ƙasa ya ninka sau uku cikin shekaru 11 da suka gabata. Yawancin waɗannan mutane (44%) suna ƙasa da rukunin shekaru 29. Har ila yau, bisa ga kididdigar, Amurka tana da tabbaci a cikin kasashen da ke da sha'awar shige da fice a tsakanin Rashawa.
Saboda haka, na yanke shawarar tattarawa a cikin bayanai guda ɗaya akan nau'ikan biza waɗanda suka dace da ƙwararrun ƙwararrun IT (masu ƙira, masu kasuwa, da sauransu) da ƴan kasuwa, da kuma ƙara su da hanyoyin haɗin kai zuwa sabis masu amfani don tattara bayanai da kuma ainihin lokuta na ƴan ƙasa waɗanda sun riga sun sami damar wucewa ta wannan hanya.
Zaɓi nau'in biza
Ga ƙwararrun IT da ƴan kasuwa, nau'ikan bizar aiki guda uku sun fi kyau:
- H1B - daidaitaccen takardar izinin aiki, wanda ma'aikata suka karɓa daga wani kamfani na Amurka.
- L1 - visa don canja wurin haɗin gwiwar ma'aikatan kamfanonin duniya. Wannan shine yadda ma'aikata ke ƙaura zuwa Amurka daga ofisoshin wani kamfani na Amurka a wasu ƙasashe.
- O1 – takardar visa ga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru a fagensu.
Kowane ɗayan waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka yana da fa'ida da rashin amfaninsa.
H1B: Taimakon ma'aikata da ƙididdiga
Mutanen da ba su da ɗan ƙasar Amurka ko mazaunin dindindin dole ne su sami biza ta musamman - H1B - don yin aiki a wannan ƙasa. Ma'aikaci ne ke ɗaukar nauyinsa - yana buƙatar shirya fakitin takardu kuma ya biya kudade daban-daban.
Komai yana da kyau a nan ga ma'aikaci - kamfanin yana biyan komai, yana da matukar dacewa. Akwai ma shafuka na musamman, kamar albarkatun , tare da taimakon wanda za ku iya samun kamfanonin da suka fi yawan gayyatar ma'aikata akan takardar visa ta H1B.
Manyan masu tallafawa visa 20 bisa ga bayanan 2019
Amma akwai koma baya daya - ba duk wanda ya samu tayin wani kamfani na Amurka ba ne zai iya zuwa aiki nan take.
Biza ta H1B tana ƙarƙashin ƙayyadaddun ƙididdiga waɗanda ke canzawa kowace shekara. Misali, adadin kudin shekarar kasafin kudi na 2019 na yanzu shine biza dubu 65 kacal. Haka kuma, a bara an gabatar da aikace-aikacen dubu 199 don karɓar sa. Akwai masu nema da yawa fiye da biza da aka bayar, don haka ana yin caca tsakanin masu nema. Ya zama cewa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan damar samun nasara shine 1 cikin XNUMX.
Bugu da kari, samun takardar biza da biyan duk wasu kudade na biyan ma’aikaci akalla dala 10, baya ga biyan albashi. Don haka dole ne ku zama haziƙi mai kima sosai don kamfani don ƙarfafawa sosai kuma har yanzu kuna haɗarin rashin ganin ma'aikaci a cikin ƙasa saboda asarar irin caca ta H000B.
visa L1
Wasu manyan kamfanoni na Amurka da ke da ofisoshi a wasu ƙasashe suna ketare ƙuntatawa ta H1B ta hanyar amfani da takardar visa na L. Akwai nau'o'i daban-daban na wannan visa - ɗaya daga cikinsu an yi nufin canja wurin manyan manajoji, ɗayan kuma don jigilar ma'aikata masu basira (na musamman). ma'aikatan ilimi) zuwa Amurka.
Yawanci, don samun damar ƙaura zuwa Amurka ba tare da wani kaso ko caca ba, dole ne ma'aikaci yayi aiki a ofishin waje na akalla shekara guda.
Kamfanoni irin su Google, Facebook da Dropbox suna amfani da wannan tsari don jigilar ƙwararrun kwararru. Misali, tsarin gama gari shine inda ma'aikaci ke aiki na ɗan lokaci a ofis a Dublin, Ireland, sannan ya ƙaura zuwa San Francisco.
Rashin hasara na wannan zaɓi ya bayyana a fili - kana buƙatar zama ma'aikata masu mahimmanci don sha'awar ba karamin farawa mai sauƙi ba, amma kamfani da ofisoshin a kasashe daban-daban. Sa'an nan za ku yi aiki a cikin ƙasa ɗaya na dogon lokaci, sannan ku matsa zuwa na biyu (Amurka). Ga mutanen iyali wannan na iya gabatar da wasu matsaloli.
Visa O1
Irin wannan bizar an yi niyya ne ga mutanen da ke da “babban iyawa” a cikin abubuwan da suka dace. A baya can, an fi amfani da shi ta hanyar mutane masu sana'a da 'yan wasa, amma daga baya ƙwararrun IT da 'yan kasuwa sun ƙara amfani da shi.
Domin tantance matakin keɓancewa da ban mamaki na mai nema, an ƙirƙiri maki da yawa waɗanda yake buƙatar bayar da shaida. Don haka, ga abin da kuke buƙata don samun takardar izinin O1:
- kyaututtuka da kyaututtuka na kwararru;
- zama memba a cikin ƙungiyoyin ƙwararru waɗanda ke karɓar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun (kuma ba duk wanda zai iya biyan kuɗin membobin ba);
- nasarori a gasar kwararru;
- shiga a matsayin memba na juri a gasa masu sana'a (babban iko don kimanta aikin wasu ƙwararru);
- ambaton a cikin kafofin watsa labarai (bayanin ayyukan, tambayoyi) da wallafe-wallafen kansa a cikin mujallu na musamman ko na kimiyya;
- rike matsayi mai mahimmanci a cikin babban kamfani;
- Ana kuma karɓar duk wani ƙarin shaida.
A bayyane yake cewa don samun wannan takardar visa da gaske kuna buƙatar zama ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararru kuma ku cika aƙalla sharuɗɗa da yawa daga jerin da ke sama. Abubuwan da ke tattare da biza sun haɗa da wahalar samun ta, buƙatar samun ma'aikaci wanda za a gabatar da koke a madadinsa don yin la'akari da shi, da kuma rashin ikon canza ayyuka cikin sauƙi - kamfanin da ya ƙaddamar da aikin zai iya ɗaukar ku. koke ga sabis na ƙaura.
Babban fa'idar ita ce ana ba da ita har tsawon shekaru 3; babu wani kaso ko wasu hani ga masu riƙe shi.
An bayyana ainihin yanayin samun takardar visa ta O1 akan Habrahabr in .
Tattara bayanai
Da zarar kun yanke shawarar irin biza da ta dace da ku, kuna buƙatar shirya don ƙaura. Baya ga nazarin labaran kan Intanet, akwai ayyuka da yawa waɗanda za ku iya samun bayanan ban sha'awa da su. Anan akwai guda biyu da aka fi ambata a cikin kafofin jama'a:
Sabis na tuntuɓar da ke mayar da hankali kan amsa tambayoyi game da ƙaura musamman zuwa Amurka. Komai yana aiki cikin sauƙi - akan gidan yanar gizon zaku iya samun damar takaddun da lauyoyi suka tabbatar tare da bayanin mataki-mataki na samun nau'ikan biza daban-daban, ko yin odar tattara bayanai kan tambayoyinku.
Mai amfani ya bar buƙatar da yake nuna tambayoyin sha'awa (daga matsaloli tare da zaɓar nau'in visa zuwa al'amurran da suka shafi aiki, gudanar da kasuwanci da matsalolin yau da kullum, kamar neman gidaje da siyan mota). Ana iya karɓar amsoshi yayin kiran bidiyo ko a tsarin rubutu tare da hanyoyin haɗi zuwa takaddun hukuma, sharhi daga ƙwararrun ƙwararrun masu dacewa - daga lauyoyin biza zuwa masu ba da lissafi da masu siyarwa. An zaɓi duk irin waɗannan ƙwararrun - mai amfani yana karɓar shawarwari daga kwararru waɗanda ƙungiyar sabis ɗin ta riga ta yi aiki.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, masu amfani za su iya yin odar sabis na alamar sirri - ƙungiyar aikin za ta taimaka magana game da nasarorin ƙwararru a cikin manyan kafofin watsa labaru na harshen Rasha da Ingilishi - wannan zai zama da amfani, misali, don samun takardar izinin O1 da aka bayyana a sama.
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Wani sabis na ba da shawara wanda ke aiki akan ƙirar ɗan ɗan bambanta. Dandali ne da masu amfani za su iya samun tare da tuntuɓar ƴan ƙasar waje daga ƙasashe daban-daban har ma da garuruwa.
Bayan zaɓar ƙasar da ake so da kuma hanyar motsi (visa na aiki, karatu, da sauransu), tsarin yana nuna jerin mutanen da suka ƙaura zuwa wannan wuri a cikin hanyar. Za a iya biyan shawarwari ko kyauta - duk ya dogara da burin wani mashawarci na musamman. Sadarwa yana faruwa ta hanyar hira.
Baya ga ayyukan tuntuɓar waɗanda masu magana da harshen Rashanci suka kafa, akwai kuma albarkatun bayanan ƙasa da ƙasa masu amfani. Anan ne mafi amfani ga ƙwararrun masu tunanin motsi:
Sabis ɗin yana tattara bayanai kan albashi a fannin fasahar da kamfanonin Amurka ke bayarwa. Ta hanyar amfani da wannan rukunin yanar gizon, zaku iya gano nawa ake biyan masu shirye-shirye a manyan kamfanoni kamar Amazon, Facebook ko Uber, sannan kuma kuna kwatanta albashin injiniyoyi a jihohi da birane daban-daban.
Paysa kuma na iya nuna fasaha da fasaha mafi fa'ida. Yana yiwuwa a ga matsakaicin albashin waɗanda suka kammala karatun digiri daga jami'o'i daban-daban - fasalin da ke da amfani ga waɗanda ke tunanin yin karatu a Amurka tare da manufar gina sana'a a nan gaba.
Ƙarshe: 5 articles tare da ainihin misalai na ƙaura na kwararru da 'yan kasuwa
A ƙarshe, na zaɓi labarai da yawa waɗanda mutanen da suka ƙaura zuwa Amurka don yin aiki a can suka rubuta. Waɗannan kayan sun ƙunshi amsoshi ga tambayoyi da yawa game da samun nau'ikan biza daban-daban, yin hira da juna, zama a sabon wuri, da sauransu:
Idan kun san wasu kayan aiki masu amfani, ayyuka, labarai, hanyoyin haɗin da ba a haɗa su cikin wannan batu ba, raba su a cikin sharhi, zan sabunta kayan ko rubuta sabon, ƙari.
daki-daki. Na gode duka saboda kulawar ku!
Source: www.habr.com