Muna magana game da tarihin kayan aikin software na OpenMusic (OM), muna nazarin fasalin ƙirar sa, da magana game da masu amfani na farko. Baya ga wannan, muna samar da analogues.
Wannan shi ne madaidaicin abu yanayi shirye-shirye na gani don haɗa sautin dijital. Mai amfani ya dogara ne akan yare na yaren LISP - Lisp na gama gari. Yana da kyau a lura cewa OpenMusic za a iya amfani da shi azaman mahaɗar hoto na duniya don wannan harshe.
Injiniya daga Cibiyar Bincike da Gudanar da Acoustics da Kiɗa ne suka haɓaka kayan aikin a cikin 90s.IRCAM). An gabatar da nau'ikan OpenMusic guda bakwai - na ƙarshe an sake shi a cikin 2013. Sai injiniyan IRCAM Jean Bresson (Jean Bresson) sake rubuta mai amfani daga karce, ɗauka don tushen asali code sigar na shida (OM6). Yau ana rarraba OM7 ƙarƙashin lasisi GPLV3 - ana samun tushen sa sami kan GitHub.
Yadda ake aiki da ita
Shirye-shirye a cikin OpenMusic ana ƙirƙira su ta hanyar sarrafa abubuwa masu hoto maimakon rubuta lamba. Sakamakon wani nau'i ne na zane-zane, wanda ake kira "patch". Mai kama da na'urorin haɗawa na zamani, waɗanda suka yi amfani da igiyoyin faci don haɗi.
a nan samfurin shirin OpenMusic, wanda aka karɓa daga ma'ajiyar GitHub:
OpenMusic yana da nau'ikan abubuwa guda biyu: asali da maki (Score Object). Na farko su ne ayyuka daban-daban na lissafi don aiki tare da matrices, ginshiƙai da siffofin rubutu.
Abubuwan maki suna da mahimmanci don aiki tare da sauti. Hakanan ana iya raba su zuwa rukuni biyu:
Ana sarrafa abubuwa masu ƙima ta amfani da ayyukan ƙima, kamar haɗa abubuwa da yawa zuwa ɗaya don ƙirƙirar sautin polyphonic. Ana iya samun ƙarin ayyuka a cikin ɗakunan karatu na toshe - cikakken jerin su samuwa a kan official website.
Don sanin kayan aiki da iyawar sa, muna ba da shawarar ku koma ga takaddun. Bayanan Bayani na OM7 har yanzu yana ci gaba. Amma kuna iya duba littafin tunani na OM6 - kuna buƙata bi hanyar kuma a cikin taga a gefen hagu, fadada abin Manual mai amfani.
Mai amfani
A cewar masu haɓakawa, za a iya amfani da OpenMusic don ƙirƙira da shirya waƙoƙin mai jiwuwa, samar da nau'ikan ayyuka na lissafi da kuma nazarin faifan kiɗan da aka yi rikodi. Injiniyoyin ITCAM sun yi amfani da kayan aikin a cikin binciken kimiyya da yawa. Misali, don halitta tsarin hankali na wucin gadi wanda ya gane motsin kiɗa akan rikodin sauti.
ƙwararrun ƴan wasan kwaikwayo kuma suna aiki tare da OpenMusic - suna amfani da mai amfani don nazarin yanayin jituwa. Misali zai zama mawakin Swiss Mikael Jarrel, wanda ya lashe kyautar Beethoven. Ayyukansa na Orchestra na Symphony na Hong Kong na iya zama saurare a nan.
Mawaƙin Ingilishi kuma malami Brian Furneyhough An yi amfani da OpenMusic don aiki tare da kari. A yau an haɗa kiɗan sa a cikin repertoire na mafi girma na zamani ensembles da masu yin wasan kwaikwayo - Arditti Quartet и Pierre-Yves Artaud.
Analogs
Akwai tsarin da yawa kama da OpenMusic. Wataƙila mafi shahararren zai zama kayan aiki na kasuwanci Max/MSP. Miller Puckette ne ya haɓaka shi a ƙarshen 80s yayin aiki a IRCAM. Tsarin yana ba ku damar haɗa sauti da bidiyo na dijital a cikin ainihin lokaci.
Bidiyon da ke ƙasa yana nuna shigarwa akan ɗaya daga cikin gine-gine a cikin birnin Cagliari na Italiya. Launin allon yana canzawa dangane da hayaniyar motoci masu wucewa. Ana sarrafa shigarwa ta hanyar haɗin Max/MSP da Arduino.
Yana da kyau a lura cewa Max/MSP yana da takwaransa na buɗe tushen. Ana kiranta Tsaftace Data, kuma Miller Puckett ya inganta shi.
Har ila yau yana da daraja nuna alamar tsarin gani ChucK, wanda Perry Cook da abokan aiki daga Jami'ar Princeton suka kirkiro a 2003. Yana goyan bayan aiwatar da zaren da yawa a layi daya, kuma zaku iya yin canje-canje ga shirin kai tsaye yayin aiwatarwa. An rarraba ƙarƙashin lasisin GNU GPL.
Jerin kayan aikin don haɗin kiɗan dijital baya ƙare a can. Akwai kuma Kyma и Kawancen, wanda ke ba ka damar shirya gaurayawan kai tsaye a kan mataki. Za mu yi ƙoƙarin yin magana game da su a gaba.
Ƙarin karatu - daga tasharmu ta Hi-Fi World da Telegram: