Yadda na wuce Jagoran Kimiyya na Kan layi a Kimiyyar Kwamfuta, kuma wanda ƙila bai dace da shi ba

Na kammala shekarar farko ta karatu a cikin Jagorar Kimiyyar Kimiyya ta Kan layi a cikin Kimiyyar Kimiyyar Kwamfuta (OMSCS) a Cibiyar Fasaha ta Georgia (Darussan 3 daga cikin 10). Ina so in raba wasu matsakaicin ƙarshe.

Kada ku je wurin idan:

1. Ina so in koyi yadda ake yin shiri

A fahimtata, a cikin ma'ajin bayanai, mai tsara shirye-shirye mai kyau yana buƙatar:

• Sanin tsarin takamaiman harshe, daidaitattun ɗakunan karatu, da sauransu;
• Za a iya rubuta lambar da za a sake amfani da ita kuma mai iya ƙarawa;
• Iya karanta code kuma rubuta lambar da za a iya karantawa;
• Iya gwada lambar kuma gyara kurakurai;
• Sanin ainihin tsarin bayanai da algorithms.

Akwai littattafai akan wannan batu, darussan MOOC, aiki na yau da kullun a cikin ƙungiya mai kyau. Kwasa-kwasan mutum ɗaya akan MSCS na iya taimakawa tare da wasu abubuwan da ke sama, amma gabaɗaya wannan ba shine abin da shirin yake ba. Ilimin harsuna shine ko dai abin da ake buƙata don kwasa-kwasan, ko kuma ana ɗauka cewa zaku iya saurin ƙware su gwargwadon abin da ake buƙata. Misali, a cikin kwas ɗin Gabatarwar Graduate zuwa Tsarukan Ayyuka, ya zama dole a yi ayyuka 4 tare da jimillar layukan C code sama da 5000, da kusan takaddun kimiyya 10 dole ne a karanta. A cikin Artificial Intelligence Hakika, ban da ayyuka shida masu wuyar gaske, ya zama dole a ci jarrabawar gwaji guda biyu - a cikin mako guda, warware shafuka 30 da 60 na matsaloli masu wuyar gaske.

Mafi yawan lokuta babu buƙatu don lambar "mai kyau" dangane da iya karantawa. Sau da yawa ana saita darajar ta atomatik bisa ga gwaje-gwaje na atomatik, galibi ana samun buƙatun aiki, kuma ana bincika lamba da rubutu don saɓo.

2. Babban abin ƙarfafawa shine yin amfani da sabon ilimi a wurin da ake yanzu

Wasu darussa na iya ba da kayan aiki. Amma tambayar ita ce menene za ku yi tare da wani ton na ayyukan da kayan aiki, wanda ci gabansa zai ɗauki duk lokacinku na kyauta na shekaru da yawa. Ga alama a gare ni cewa ƙwarewar MSCS ta dace da wannan labari:

An tambayi wani masanin kimiya kuma mashahuran kimiyya game da manufofi da sakamakon wasu bincike:

Popularizer:
- Sakamakon wannan binciken ya taimaka wajen gwada hasashen ... Sannan kuma ya ba da gudummawa mai mahimmanci ga ci gaban ...

Masanin kimiyya:
- Ee, wannan abin ban mamaki ne kawai!

Na yi imani cewa za ku iya shiga cikin dukan shirin ba tare da asara ba kawai idan saboda wasu dalilai duk yana da ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa. Amma duk wannan ba ya hana gaskiyar cewa masu daukar ma'aikata suna kallon irin wannan ilimin (musamman a cikin Jihohi, amma ina tsammanin ba kawai). Bayan ƙara bayanai zuwa LinkedIn da nake karatu a can, na fara samun buƙatu daga masu daukar ma'aikata na kyawawan kamfanoni daga Turai da Amurka. Daga cikin mutanen da na sani a Toronto, mutane da yawa sun ci gaba da aikinsu ko kuma sun sami sabbin ayyuka yayin karatunsu.

Baya ga masu sana'a, MSCS yana buɗe wasu damammaki. Kuna iya shiga cikin ayyukan bincike masu ban sha'awa a cikin Georgia Tech idan kun sami nasarar kammala darussan da ake buƙata. Babban Mataimakin koyarwa (TA) a AI ɗan ƙasar Rasha ne wanda, bayan shekara ɗaya yana karatu a OMSCS, ya koma harabar harabar ya tafi karatu da bincike a Atlanta. Kamar yadda na sani, yana shirin samun digiri na uku.

3. Kuna sa ran kammala shirin a keɓe mai ban sha'awa.

A al'ada, 50% na riba daga shirin shine damar sadarwa. OMSCS tana da babban al'umma mai aiki. Kowane aji yana ɗaukar babban ƙungiyar TAs (sau da yawa ɗalibai daga wannan shirin waɗanda suka sami nasarar kammala karatun na yanzu). Don wasu dalilai, duk waɗannan mutane suna son yin aiki da karatu tare. Abin da sadarwa ke bayarwa:

• Jin daɗin sanin cewa ba kai kaɗai kake wahala ba;
• Sabbin sanannun daga ko'ina cikin duniya da haɓaka ƙwarewar laushi;
• Damar samun taimako da koyon wani abu;
• Damar taimako da koyon wani abu;
• Ƙwararrun sadarwar.

Yawancin ɗalibai mutane ne masu ƙwarewa a cikin masana'antu, galibi shugabannin sassan, masu gine-gine, har ma da CTOs. Kusan 25% ba su da ilimin CS na yau da kullun, watau. mutanen da ke da kwarewa iri-iri. A farkon shirin, Ina da shekaru 5 na gwaninta a ci gaban Java a cikin Yandex.Money, kuma yanzu ina aiki na ɗan lokaci a matsayin mai bincike a cikin farawar likita (zurfin koyo a cikin likitan hakora).

Dalibai da yawa suna da kwazo kuma suna buɗe don sadarwa. Kuna iya shiga cikin shirin kadai, amma a sakamakon haka, kuna zuba jari na shekaru 2.5-3 na lokacinku (idan kun yi la'akari da aikin) kuma ku sami kawai 50% na riba mai yiwuwa. A gare ni, wannan batu shine babban matsala, saboda ... akwai shakkun kai da shingen harshe, amma ina ƙoƙarin yin aiki akai. Muna saduwa da abokan aiki a kai a kai a Toronto. Dukan su ne quite m da ban sha'awa mutane da kuma ci-gaba kwararru, daya daga cikinsu ya shirya wani taro tare da Zvi Galil, "mahaifin" na shirin OMSCS, shugaban Faculty of Computing Georgia Tech, wanda ya bar mukaminsa a wannan shekara.

Misali game da ƙarfafawa: akwai ɗalibin almara wanda ya haɗu da kammala shirin da yin hidima a cikin soja. Ya haɗa da dandalin a yayin da yake tashi, kuma ya yi ayyuka da sauraron laccoci yayin da yake gudanar da atisayen filin. A halin yanzu yana aiki a wata cibiyar bincike a Georgia Tech kuma yana shirin yin digiri na uku.

4. Ba a shirye don yin da gaske akan lokaci

A kallo na farko, OMSCS na iya zama kama da tarin kwasa-kwasan MOOC ko ƙwarewa akan Coursera ko dandamali makamancin haka. Na ɗauki darussa da yawa akan Coursera, misali, sassan farko na Cryptography da Algorithms daga Stanford. Bugu da ƙari, na ɗauki kwas ɗin Graduate guda ɗaya da ake biya akan layi a Stanford ( ɗaliban MS da PhD suna ɗauka) kuma na saurari laccoci daga Stanford CS231n (Convolutional Neural Networks for Visual Recognition) kyauta.

Dangane da gogewa na, babban bambance-bambance tsakanin kwasa-kwasan karatun digiri na kan layi da darussan MOOC kyauta sune:

• An riga an ambata shigar da yawa da kuma dalili na TAs, malamai, sauran ɗalibai, mafi girman sadaukarwa (babu wanda yake so ya saurari shirin har abada, musamman tun da akwai iyaka na 6 shekaru);
• Tsayayyen lokaci mai tsauri: a cikin yanayin Georgia Tech, ana samun duk laccoci a lokaci ɗaya (zaku iya sauraron su a lokacin da ya dace). Kuna iya karanta littafin a gaba (mutane da yawa suna yin haka tsakanin semesters). Amma akwai ayyuka, kuma suna da ƙayyadaddun lokaci, sau da yawa ayyukan suna da alaƙa da takamaiman laccoci. Akwai ranar ƙarshe don jarrabawa (yawanci biyu a kowane semester). Yana da kyau a kula da taki. Yawancin lokaci a kowane mako da kuke buƙata ya dogara da kwasa-kwasan da gogewa. Ba zan yi tsammanin <10 hours a mako kowane aji ba. A matsakaita yana ɗaukar ni 20 (wani lokaci kaɗan kaɗan, wani lokacin yana iya zama 30 ko 40);
• Ayyuka sun fi rikitarwa da ban sha'awa fiye da MOOCs, kuma tsari na girma ya fi girma;
• Jami'o'i da masu iya daukar ma'aikata suna kallon irin waɗannan kwasa-kwasan. Musamman, lokacin ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen, Georgia Tech ya yi tambaya: "BA A lissafta marasa daraja, aikin kwas ɗin nau'in MOOC ba na ilimi ba."

5. Ina son komai ya zama bayyananne, a takaice kuma a bayyane

Na farko, MSCS ba digirin farko ba ne. Akwai laccoci, amma suna ba da cikakken ra'ayi game da batun. Ƙari ko ragi, duk ayyukan sun haɗa da bincike mai aiki na sirri. Yana iya haɗawa da sadarwa tare da ɗalibai ɗalibai da TAs (duba batu 3), karanta littattafai, labarai, da sauransu.

Abu na biyu, OMSCS babban kayan aiki ne babba kuma mai ƙarfi tare da ɗimbin mutane masu sha'awar ƙirƙira da kiyaye darussan (duba batu 2). Waɗannan mutane suna son gwaji da ƙalubale. Suna canza ayyuka, gwaji tare da tambayoyi a cikin gwaje-gwaje da gwaje-gwaje, canza yanayin gwaji, da sauransu. Sakamakon haka, wannan yana haifar da wasu sakamakon da ba za a iya faɗi gaba ɗaya ba. A cikin kwarewata:

• A cikin hanya ɗaya, wani abu ya faru ba daidai ba bayan sabunta sabobin kuma waɗannan sabobin sun daina samar da kowane tabbataccen sakamakon gwaji a ƙarƙashin kaya. Mutane sun amsa ta hanyar ƙara murmushi tare da kuskuren uwar garke a cikin raguwa da yunƙurin dare don samun shiga tare da ƙaddamarwa;
• Wani kwas ya fitar da gwaje-gwaje da jarrabawa tare da wasu amsoshi marasa kuskure ko masu rikitarwa. Dangane da tattaunawa da ɗalibai, an gyara waɗannan kurakurai tare da maki. Wasu sun mayar da martani cikin natsuwa, wasu kuma sun fusata da tsinuwa. Duk canje-canjen sun kasance ƙari a gare ni kuma yana da daɗi a cikin hanyarta (ba ku yi komai ba, amma ƙimar ku tana girma).

Wannan duka, ba shakka, yana ƙara ɗan damuwa ga rigar abin nadi mai tsayi, amma duk waɗannan abubuwan suna da alaƙa da yanayin rayuwa: suna koya muku gano matsala, magance matsaloli a cikin yanayin rashin tabbas, da gina tattaunawa tare da. sauran mutane.

OMSCS a Georgia Tech yana da nasa ƙayyadaddun bayanai:

• Georgia Tech na ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'o'in fasaha a Amurka;
• Ɗaya daga cikin tsofaffin MSCS akan layi;
• Wataƙila mafi girman MSCS akan layi: ~ 9 ɗalibai dubu a cikin shekaru 6;
• Ɗaya daga cikin mafi ƙarancin MSCS: kimanin dala dubu 8 don duk horo;
• Akwai mutane 400-600 da ke karatu a cikin azuzuwan a lokaci guda (yawanci ƙasa da ƙarshe; a tsakiyar semester za ku iya barin tare da matakin W, wanda baya shafar GPA ɗin ku);
• Ba duk azuzuwan harabar suna samuwa akan layi ba (amma lissafin yana faɗaɗa kuma akwai zaɓi mai kyau sosai; babu zurfin koyo tukuna, amma ba mu rasa bege);
• Ba shi da sauƙi don shiga kowane aji saboda layukan fifiko da yawan masu nema (Algorithms na Graduate, paradoxically, kusan kowa yana wucewa zuwa ƙarshe);
• Ba duk azuzuwan suna daidai da ingancin kayan aiki da ayyukan TAs da furofesoshi ba, amma akwai darussa masu kyau da yawa. Akwai bayanai da yawa akan Intanet game da takamaiman darussa (bita, reddit, slack). Kuna iya zaɓar wani abu koyaushe don dacewa da dandano.

Yin la'akari da duk ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bayanai, tare da kyakkyawan matsayi na dalili, matsayi mai aiki da kuma kyakkyawar hangen nesa gaba ɗaya, wannan hanya ce mai ban sha'awa da gaske. Ina fatan cewa a cikin shekara ra'ayi na ba zai canza sosai ba, kuma wannan bayanin zai zama da amfani ga wani.

source: www.habr.com