Fiye da shekara guda ina aiki a kan littafin "Ƙirƙirar Ƙirƙirar Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararrun Ƙwararru na Ethereum Blockchain. Practical Guide", kuma yanzu an kammala wannan aikin, kuma littafin .
Ina fatan littafina zai taimaka muku da sauri fara ƙirƙirar lambobi masu wayo na Solidity da rarraba DApps don blockchain na Ethereum. Ya ƙunshi darussa 12 tare da ayyuka masu amfani. Bayan kammala su, mai karatu zai iya ƙirƙirar nodes na Ethereum na gida, buga kwangiloli masu wayo da kiran hanyoyin su, musayar bayanai tsakanin ainihin duniya da kwangiloli masu wayo ta amfani da baka, kuma suyi aiki tare da cibiyar sadarwar gwajin gwajin Rinkeby.
Littafin yana magana ne ga duk wanda ke sha'awar fasahar ci gaba a fagen blockchain kuma yana so ya sami ilimin da sauri wanda zai ba su damar yin aiki mai ban sha'awa da ban sha'awa.
A ƙasa za ku sami teburin abubuwan da ke ciki da babi na farko na littafin (har ila yau akwai gutsuttsuran littafin). Ina fatan a sami ra'ayi, sharhi da shawarwari. Zan yi ƙoƙarin yin la'akari da waɗannan duka lokacin shirya bugu na gaba na littafin.
Abubuwan da ke cikiGabatarwarAn yi nufin littafinmu ga waɗanda suke so ba kawai su fahimci ka'idodin blockchain na Ethereum ba, har ma don samun ƙwarewar aiki don ƙirƙirar DApps da aka rarraba a cikin Harshen shirye-shirye na Solidity don wannan hanyar sadarwa.
Zai fi kyau ba kawai karanta wannan littafi ba, amma don yin aiki tare da shi, yin ayyuka masu amfani da aka bayyana a cikin darussan. Don aiki, kuna buƙatar kwamfutar gida, kama-da-wane ko uwar garken girgije tare da shigar da Debian ko Ubuntu OS. Hakanan zaka iya amfani da Rasberi Pi don yin ayyuka da yawa.
A darasi na farko Za mu dubi ka'idodin aiki na Ethereum blockchain da mahimman kalmomi, da kuma magana game da inda za a iya amfani da wannan blockchain.
Manufar darasi na biyu - ƙirƙiri kullin blockchain na Ethereum mai zaman kansa don ƙarin aiki a cikin wannan kwas akan sabar Ubuntu da Debian. Za mu dubi fasalulluka na shigar da kayan aiki na yau da kullun, kamar geth, wanda ke tabbatar da aiki na kumburin blockchain, da kuma swarm decentralized data storage daemon.
Darasi na uku zai koya muku yadda ake yin gwaji tare da Ethereum akan microcomputer Rasberi Pi mai tsada. Za ku shigar da tsarin aiki na Rasberian (OS) akan Raspberry Pi, da Geth utility wanda ke ba da ikon kullin blockchain, da Swarm decentralized data storage daemon.
Darasi na hudu an sadaukar da shi ga asusu da raka'a na cryptocurrency akan hanyar sadarwar Ethereum, da kuma hanyoyin canja wurin kuɗi daga wannan asusu zuwa wani daga Geth console. Za ku koyi yadda ake ƙirƙira asusu, fara musayar kuɗi, da samun matsayin ciniki da karɓa.
A darasi na biyar Za ku saba da kwangiloli masu wayo akan hanyar sadarwar Ethereum kuma ku koyi game da aiwatar da su ta na'ura mai kama da Ethereum.
Za ku ƙirƙira da buga kwangilar wayo ta farko akan hanyar sadarwar masu zaman kansu ta Ethereum kuma ku koyi yadda ake kiran ayyukan sa. Don yin wannan, za ku yi amfani da Remix Solidity IDE. Za ku kuma koyi yadda ake girka da amfani da na'urar tara kayan solc.
Za mu kuma yi magana game da abin da ake kira Application Binary Interface (ABI) kuma mu koya muku yadda ake amfani da shi.
Darasi na shida an sadaukar da shi don ƙirƙirar rubutun JavaScript da ke gudana Node.js da aiwatar da ayyuka tare da kwangilar wayo na Solidity.
Za ku shigar da Node.js akan Ubuntu, Debian da Rasberian OS, rubuta rubutun don buga kwangila mai kyau akan cibiyar sadarwar gida ta Ethereum kuma ku kira ayyukansa.
Bugu da ƙari, za ku koyi yadda ake canja wurin kuɗi tsakanin asusun yau da kullum ta amfani da rubutun, da kuma ƙididdige su zuwa asusun kwangila masu wayo.
A darasi na bakwai Za ku koyi yadda ake girka da amfani da tsarin Truffle, wanda ya shahara tsakanin masu haɓaka kwangilar wayo na Solidity. Za ku koyi yadda ake ƙirƙirar rubutun JavaScript waɗanda ke kiran ayyukan kwangila ta amfani da tsarin kwangilar truffle, da gwada kwangilar ku mai wayo ta amfani da Truffle.
Darasi na takwas sadaukar da nau'ikan bayanan Solidity. Za ku rubuta kwangiloli masu wayo waɗanda ke aiki tare da nau'ikan bayanai kamar sa hannu da ƙima, lambobi da aka sanya hannu, kirtani, adireshi, rikitattun masu canji, tsararru, ƙididdiga, tsari, da ƙamus.
A darasi na tara Za ku kasance mataki ɗaya kusa don ƙirƙirar kwangiloli masu wayo don babban gidan yanar gizon Ethereum. Za ku koyi yadda ake buga kwangiloli ta amfani da Truffle akan hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kanta ta Geth, da kuma akan Rinkeby testnet. Gyara kwangila mai wayo akan hanyar sadarwar Rinkeby yana da matukar amfani kafin buga shi akan babbar hanyar sadarwar - kusan komai yana da gaske a can, amma kyauta.
A matsayin wani ɓangare na darasi, za ku ƙirƙiri kumburin gwajin Rinkeby, ku ba shi kuɗi da kuɗi, da buga kwangila mai wayo.
darasi 10 sadaukar da Ethereum Swarm da aka rarraba bayanan ajiya. Ta amfani da ajiya da aka rarraba, kuna adanawa akan adana adadi mai yawa na bayanai akan toshewar Ethereum.
A cikin wannan koyawa, zaku ƙirƙiri ma'ajin Swarm na gida, rubuta da karanta ayyukan akan fayiloli, da kundayen adireshi. Na gaba, za ku koyi yadda ake aiki tare da ƙofar jama'a Swarm, rubuta rubutun don samun damar Swarm daga Node.js, da kuma amfani da Perl Net :: Ethereum :: Swarm module.
Manufar Darasi na 11 - gwanin aiki tare da Solidity smart contracts ta amfani da sanannen yaren shirye-shiryen Python da tsarin Web3.py. Za ku shigar da tsarin, rubuta rubutun don tattarawa da buga kwangilar wayo, da kiran ayyukansa. A wannan yanayin, za a yi amfani da Web3.py duka a kan kansa kuma tare da haɗin gwiwar haɓakar yanayin haɓakawa na Truffle.
A darasi na 12 za ku koyi don canja wurin bayanai tsakanin kwangiloli masu wayo da ainihin duniya ta amfani da baka. Wannan zai zama da amfani a gare ku don karɓar bayanai daga rukunin yanar gizon, na'urorin IoT, na'urori daban-daban da na'urori masu auna firikwensin, da aika bayanai daga kwangiloli masu wayo zuwa waɗannan na'urori. A cikin aikace-aikacen darasi, za ku ƙirƙiri magana da kwangila mai wayo wanda ke karɓar kuɗin musayar na yanzu tsakanin USD da rubles daga gidan yanar gizon Babban Bankin Tarayyar Rasha.
Darasi na 1. A taƙaice game da blockchain da cibiyar sadarwar EthereumManufar darasin: Sanin ka'idodin aiki na blockchain Ethereum, wuraren aikace-aikacensa da mahimman kalmomi.
Ayyuka masu amfani: ba a cikin wannan darasin.
Babu mai haɓaka software a yau wanda bai ji komai ba game da fasahar blockchain (Blockchain), cryptocurrencies (Cryptocurrency ko Crypto Currency), Bitcoin (Bitcoin), sadaukarwar tsabar kudin farko (ICO, sadaukarwar tsabar farko), kwangiloli masu wayo (Smart Kwangila), da sauran ra'ayoyi da sharuddan da suka shafi blockchain.
Fasahar Blockchain tana buɗe sabbin kasuwanni kuma ta samar da ayyukan yi ga masu shirye-shirye. Idan kun fahimci duk rikitattun fasahohin cryptocurrency da fasahar kwangila masu wayo, to bai kamata ku sami matsalolin yin amfani da wannan ilimin a aikace ba.
Dole ne a faɗi cewa akwai hasashe da yawa game da cryptocurrencies da blockchain. Za mu bar tattaunawa game da canje-canje a farashin cryptocurrency, ƙirƙirar dala, ƙaƙƙarfan dokokin cryptocurrency, da sauransu. A cikin karatunmu na horarwa za mu mai da hankali ne musamman kan fasahohin fasaha na yin amfani da kwangiloli masu wayo a kan blockchain Ethereum da haɓaka abubuwan da ake kira aikace-aikacen da ba a san su ba (DApps).
Menene blockchain
Blockchain (Block Chain) shine sarkar tubalan bayanai da ke haɗa juna ta wata hanya. A farkon sarkar akwai toshe na farko, wanda ake kira da farko block (genesis block) ko genesis block. Sai na biyu, sai na uku da sauransu.
Duk waɗannan tubalan bayanan ana kwafi su ta atomatik akan nodes masu yawa na hanyar sadarwar blockchain. Wannan yana tabbatar da adana bayanan blockchain da ba a tsakiya ba.
Kuna iya tunanin tsarin blockchain a matsayin adadi mai yawa na nodes (sabar ta jiki ko ta zahiri) da aka haɗa a cikin hanyar sadarwa kuma tana maimaita duk canje-canje a cikin jerin toshe bayanai. Wannan kamar wata katuwar kwamfuta ce mai yawan sabar, kuma nodes na irin wannan kwamfuta (sabar) na iya warwatse a duk duniya. Kuma ku ma kuna iya ƙara kwamfutarka zuwa cibiyar sadarwar blockchain.
Database Rarraba
Ana iya yin la'akari da blockchain azaman bayanan da aka rarraba wanda aka kwafi a duk nodes na hanyar sadarwar blockchain. A ka'idar, blockchain zai yi aiki muddin aƙalla kumburi ɗaya yana aiki, yana adana duk tubalan blockchain.
Rijistar Bayanan Rarraba
Ana iya tunanin Blockchain azaman jagorar rarraba bayanai da ayyuka (ma'amaloli). Wani suna don irin wannan rajista shine littafi.
Ana iya ƙara bayanai zuwa littafin da aka rarraba, amma ba za a iya canza ko share shi ba. Ana samun wannan rashin yiwuwar, musamman, ta hanyar amfani da algorithms na sirri, algorithms na musamman don ƙara tubalan zuwa sarkar da rarraba bayanai.
Lokacin ƙara tubalan da aiwatar da ayyuka (ma'amaloli), ana amfani da maɓallan sirri da na jama'a. Suna hana masu amfani da blockchain ta hanyar ba su damar yin amfani da tubalan nasu na bayanai kawai.
Ma'amaloli
Blockchain yana adana bayanai game da ayyuka (ma'amaloli) a cikin tubalan. A lokaci guda, tsofaffi, ma'amaloli da aka riga aka kammala ba za a iya mirgina ko canza su ba. Ana adana sabbin ma'amaloli a cikin sababbi, ƙarin tubalan.
Ta wannan hanyar, ana iya yin rikodin tarihin ma'amala gaba ɗaya ba canzawa akan blockchain. Don haka, ana iya amfani da blockchain, alal misali, don adana amintaccen ma'amalar banki, bayanan haƙƙin mallaka, tarihin canje-canje a cikin masu mallakar dukiya, da sauransu.
Ethereum blockchain ya ƙunshi abubuwan da ake kira tsarin tsarin. Yayin da ake aiwatar da ma'amaloli, jihar ta canza daga yanayin farko zuwa halin yanzu. Ana yin rikodin ma'amaloli a cikin tubalan.
Toshewar jama'a da masu zaman kansu
Ya kamata a lura a nan cewa duk abin da aka faɗi gaskiya ne kawai don abubuwan da ake kira cibiyoyin sadarwar jama'a, waɗanda ba za a iya sarrafa su ta kowane mutum ko wata hukuma ba, hukuma ko gwamnati.
Abubuwan da ake kira masu zaman kansu blockchain cibiyoyin sadarwa suna ƙarƙashin cikakken ikon mahaliccin su, kuma wani abu yana yiwuwa a can, misali, cikakken maye gurbin duk tubalan sarkar.
Aikace-aikacen aikace-aikacen blockchain
Menene blockchain zai iya zama da amfani?
A takaice, blockchain yana ba ku damar aiwatar da ma'amaloli (ma'amaloli) cikin aminci tsakanin mutane ko kamfanonin da ba su amince da juna ba. Bayanan da aka rubuta a cikin blockchain (ma'amaloli, bayanan sirri, takardu, takaddun shaida, kwangila, daftari, da sauransu) ba za a iya gurbata ko musanya su ba bayan yin rikodi. Sabili da haka, bisa ga blockchain, yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙira, alal misali, amintattun rajista masu rarraba nau'ikan takardu.
Tabbas, kun san cewa ana ƙirƙirar tsarin cryptocurrency bisa tushen blockchain, wanda aka tsara don maye gurbin kuɗin takarda na yau da kullun. Ana kuma kiran kuɗin takarda fiat (daga Fiat Money).
Blockchain yana tabbatar da adanawa da rashin daidaituwa na ma'amaloli da aka rubuta a cikin tubalan, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa za a iya amfani da shi don ƙirƙirar tsarin cryptocurrency. Ya ƙunshi duk tarihin canja wurin kuɗin crypto tsakanin masu amfani daban-daban (asusu), kuma ana iya bin duk wani aiki.
Ko da yake ma'amaloli a cikin tsarin cryptocurrency na iya zama wanda ba a sani ba, cire cryptocurrency da musanya shi da kuɗin fiat yawanci yana haifar da bayyana ainihin mai mallakar cryptocurrency.
Abubuwan da ake kira kwangiloli masu wayo, waɗanda software ne da ke gudana akan hanyar sadarwar Ethereum, suna ba ku damar sarrafa tsarin aiwatar da ma'amala da saka idanu kan aiwatar da su. Wannan yana da tasiri musamman idan ana aiwatar da biyan kuɗi don ma'amala ta amfani da Ether cryptocurrency.
Ana iya amfani da kwangilar blockchain na Ethereum da Ethereum da aka rubuta a cikin Harshen shirye-shirye na Solidity, alal misali, a cikin waɗannan yankuna:
- madadin notarization na takardu;
- ajiya na rijistar abubuwa na dukiya da bayanai game da ma'amaloli tare da abubuwa na dukiya;
- ajiyar bayanan haƙƙin mallaka akan kayan fasaha (littattafai, hotuna, ayyukan kiɗa, da sauransu);
- ƙirƙirar tsarin zaɓe masu zaman kansu;
- kudi da banki;
- dabaru akan sikelin duniya, bin diddigin motsin kaya;
- ajiyar bayanan sirri a matsayin analogue zuwa tsarin katin shaida;
- amintattun ma'amaloli a fagen kasuwanci;
- adana sakamakon binciken likita, da kuma tarihin hanyoyin da aka tsara
Matsaloli tare da blockchain
Amma, ba shakka, ba komai ba ne mai sauƙi kamar yadda ake iya gani!
Akwai matsaloli tare da tantance bayanai kafin ƙara su zuwa blockchain (misali, karya ne?), Matsalolin tsaro na tsarin da software na aikace-aikacen da ake amfani da su don aiki tare da blockchain, matsaloli tare da yuwuwar amfani da hanyoyin injiniyan zamantakewa don satar shiga. zuwa walat ɗin cryptocurrency, da dai sauransu.P.
Har ila yau, idan ba muna magana ne game da blockchain na jama'a ba, wanda nodes ɗinsa ya warwatse ko'ina cikin duniya, amma game da blockchain mai zaman kansa na mutum ko ƙungiya, to matakin amincewa a nan ba zai wuce matakin amincewa ba. a cikin wannan mutum ko wannan kungiya.
Har ila yau, ya kamata a la'akari da cewa bayanan da aka rubuta a cikin blockchain ya zama samuwa ga kowa da kowa. A wannan ma'anar, blockchain (musamman jama'a) bai dace da adana bayanan sirri ba. Koyaya, gaskiyar cewa ba za a iya canza bayanin kan blockchain ba zai iya taimakawa hanawa ko bincika ayyukan yaudara iri-iri.
Aikace-aikacen da aka rarraba Ethereum za su dace idan kun biya amfani da su tare da cryptocurrency. Da yawan mutanen da suka mallaki cryptocurrency ko kuma suke son siyan sa, mafi shaharar DApps da kwangiloli masu wayo za su zama.
Matsalolin gama gari tare da blockchain waɗanda ke hana aiwatar da aikace-aikacen sa sun haɗa da ƙayyadaddun saurin da za a iya ƙara sabbin tubalan da kuma tsadar ciniki. Amma fasaha a wannan yanki yana tasowa sosai, kuma akwai fatan cewa za a warware matsalolin fasaha na tsawon lokaci.
Wata matsala ita ce kwangilar wayo akan blockchain Ethereum suna aiki a cikin keɓantaccen yanayi na injunan kama-da-wane, kuma ba su da damar yin amfani da bayanan gaskiya. Musamman, shirin kwangila mai wayo ba zai iya karanta bayanai daga shafuka ko kowace na'ura ta zahiri ba (ma'auni, lambobin sadarwa, da sauransu), kuma ba zai iya fitar da bayanai zuwa kowane na'ura na waje ba. Za mu tattauna wannan matsala da hanyoyin magance ta a cikin darasi da aka keɓe ga abin da ake kira Oracles - masu shiga tsakani na kwangilar basira.
Akwai kuma hani na doka. A wasu ƙasashe, alal misali, an haramta amfani da cryptocurrency azaman hanyar biyan kuɗi, amma kuna iya mallake ta azaman nau'in kadari na dijital, kamar tsaro. Ana iya saya da sayar da irin waɗannan kadarorin akan musayar. A kowane hali, lokacin ƙirƙirar aikin da ke aiki tare da cryptocurrencies, kuna buƙatar sanin kanku da dokokin ƙasar waɗanda aikinku ya faɗi ƙarƙashin ikonsu.
Yadda ake kafa sarkar blockchain
Kamar yadda muka fada a baya, blockchain shine tsarin toshe bayanai mai sauƙi. Na farko, toshe na farko na wannan sarkar an yi shi, sannan a kara na biyu a ciki, da sauransu. Ana tsammanin bayanan ma'amala ana adana su a cikin tubalan, kuma an ƙara su zuwa toshe na baya-bayan nan.
A cikin siffa. 1.1 mun nuna sigar mafi sauƙi na jerin tubalan, inda farkon toshe yana nufin na gaba.
Shinkafa 1.1. Simple jerin tubalan
Tare da wannan zaɓi, duk da haka, yana da sauƙi don lalata abubuwan da ke cikin kowane toshe a cikin sarkar, tun da tubalan ba su ƙunshi kowane bayani don karewa daga canje-canje ba. Idan aka yi la'akari da cewa blockchain yana nufin mutane da kamfanoni waɗanda ba a yarda da su ba, za mu iya yanke shawarar cewa wannan hanyar adana bayanai ba ta dace da blockchain ba.
Bari mu fara kare tubalan daga jabun. A mataki na farko, za mu yi ƙoƙarin kare kowane shinge tare da checksum (Fig. 1.2).
Shinkafa 1.2. Ƙara kariya ga waɗannan tubalan tare da checksum
Yanzu mai hari ba zai iya canza shinge kawai ba, tunda yana ɗauke da adadin bayanan toshewa. Duba lissafin kuɗi zai nuna cewa an canza bayanan.
Don ƙididdige adadin kuɗi, zaku iya amfani da ɗayan ayyukan hashing kamar MD-5, SHA-1, SHA-256, da sauransu. Ayyukan Hash suna ƙididdige ƙima (misali, layin rubutu na tsayin daka) ta hanyar aiwatar da ayyukan da ba za a iya juyawa ba akan toshe bayanai. Ayyukan sun dogara da nau'in aikin hash.
Ko da abubuwan da ke cikin bayanan toshe sun canza kadan, ƙimar zanta kuma za ta canza. Ta hanyar nazarin ƙimar aikin hash, ba zai yuwu a sake gina toshe bayanan da aka ƙididdige shi ba.
Shin irin wannan kariya za ta wadatar? Abin takaici a'a.
A cikin wannan makirci, checksum (aikin hash) yana kare tubalan mutum ɗaya kawai, amma ba duka blockchain ba. Sanin algorithm don ƙididdige aikin hash, mai hari zai iya maye gurbin abubuwan da ke cikin toshe cikin sauƙi. Hakanan, babu abin da zai hana shi cire tubalan daga sarkar ko ƙara sababbi.
Don kare dukan sarkar gaba ɗaya, zaka iya adanawa a cikin kowane toshe, tare da bayanan, hash na bayanai daga toshe na baya (Fig. 1.3).
Shinkafa 1.3. Ƙara zanta na tubalan da suka gabata zuwa toshe bayanai
A cikin wannan makirci, don canza toshe, kuna buƙatar sake ƙididdige ayyukan hash na duk tubalan na gaba. Zai yi kama, menene matsalar?
A cikin blockchain na gaske, ana kuma ƙirƙiri matsalolin wucin gadi don ƙara sabbin tubalan-algorithms waɗanda ke buƙatar albarkatun ƙira da yawa ana amfani da su. Yin la'akari da cewa don yin canje-canje ga toshe, kuna buƙatar sake ƙididdigewa ba kawai wannan toshe ɗaya ba, amma duk waɗanda suka biyo baya, wannan zai zama da wahala sosai.
Mu kuma tuna cewa ana adana bayanan blockchain (kwafi) akan nodes masu yawa na hanyar sadarwa, watau. Ana amfani da ma'ajiyar da aka raba. Kuma wannan yana sa ya fi wahala yin karya block, saboda dole ne a yi canje-canje ga duk nodes na cibiyar sadarwa.
Tun da tubalan suna adana bayanai game da tubalan da suka gabata, yana yiwuwa a duba abubuwan da ke cikin dukkan tubalan a cikin sarkar.
Ethereum blockchain
Ethereum blockchain dandamali ne wanda za a iya ƙirƙirar DApps da aka rarraba akansa. Ba kamar sauran dandamali ba, Ethereum yana ba da damar yin amfani da abin da ake kira kwangiloli masu wayo (kwagiloli masu wayo), da aka rubuta a cikin Harshen shirye-shirye na Solidity.
An kirkiro wannan dandamali a cikin 2013 ta Vitalik Buterin, wanda ya kafa Mujallar Bitcoin, kuma an ƙaddamar da shi a cikin 2015. Duk abin da za mu yi nazari ko yi a cikin karatunmu na horo ya shafi musamman da Ethereum blockchain da Solidity smart contracts.
Ma'adinai ko yadda ake ƙirƙirar tubalan
Ma'adinai wani tsari ne mai rikitarwa kuma mai saurin albarkatu don ƙara sabbin tubalan zuwa sarkar blockchain, kuma ba kwata-kwata "ma'adinai na cryptocurrency ba." Mining yana tabbatar da aikin blockchain, saboda wannan tsari ne ke da alhakin ƙara ma'amaloli zuwa blockchain Ethereum.
Mutane da ƙungiyoyin da ke da hannu wajen ƙara tubalan ana kiran su masu hakar ma'adinai.
Software da ke aiki akan nodes masu hakar ma'adinan suna ƙoƙarin nemo ma'aunin hashing da ake kira Nonce don toshe na ƙarshe don samun takamaiman ƙimar hash ta hanyar sadarwa. Ethash hashing algorithm da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Ethereum yana ba ku damar samun ƙimar Nonce kawai ta hanyar bincike na jeri.
Idan kumburin mai hakar ma'adinai ya sami ƙimar Nonce daidai, to wannan shine abin da ake kira tabbacin aikin (PoW, Hujja-na-aiki). A wannan yanayin, idan an ƙara toshe zuwa cibiyar sadarwar Ethereum, mai hakar ma'adinai yana samun wani sakamako a cikin kudin cibiyar sadarwa - Ether. A lokacin rubutawa, lada shine 5 Ether, amma wannan zai rage tsawon lokaci.
Don haka, masu hakar ma'adinai na Ethereum suna tabbatar da aikin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar ƙara tubalan, kuma suna karɓar kuɗin cryptocurrency don wannan. Akwai bayanai da yawa akan intanet game da masu hakar ma'adinai da ma'adinai, amma za mu mayar da hankali kan ƙirƙirar kwangilar Solidity da DApps akan hanyar sadarwar Ethereum.
Takaitaccen darasi
A cikin darasi na farko, kun saba da blockchain kuma kun koyi cewa tsari ne na musamman na tubalan. Abubuwan da ke cikin tubalan da aka yi rikodin a baya ba za a iya canza su ba, tunda wannan yana buƙatar sake ƙididdige duk tubalan da ke gaba akan nodes na cibiyar sadarwa da yawa, waɗanda ke buƙatar albarkatu da lokaci mai yawa.
Ana iya amfani da blockchain don adana sakamakon ma'amala. Babban manufarsa ita ce tsara amintattun ma'amaloli tsakanin ɓangarorin (mutane da ƙungiyoyi) waɗanda ba a yarda da su ba. Kun koya a waɗanne takamaiman wuraren kasuwanci da kuma a waɗanne wuraren za a iya amfani da kwangilar wayo na blockchain Ethereum da Solidity. Wannan shi ne bangaren banki, rajistar haƙƙin mallaka, takardu, da sauransu.
Hakanan kun koyi cewa matsaloli daban-daban na iya tasowa yayin amfani da blockchain. Waɗannan su ne matsalolin tabbatar da bayanan da aka ƙara a cikin blockchain, saurin blockchain, farashin ma'amala, matsalar musayar bayanai tsakanin kwangiloli masu wayo da duniyar gaske, da kuma yuwuwar hare-hare daga maharan da nufin satar kuɗin cryptocurrency daga asusun masu amfani. .
Mun kuma yi magana a taƙaice game da hakar ma'adinai azaman tsarin ƙara sabbin tubalan zuwa blockchain. Ma'adinai ya zama dole don kammala ma'amaloli. Wadanda ke da hannu a hakar ma'adinai suna tabbatar da aikin blockchain kuma suna samun lada a cikin cryptocurrency don wannan.
Darasi na 2. Shirya yanayin aiki a cikin Ubuntu da Debian OSZabar tsarin aiki
Shigar da abubuwan da suka dace
Shigar da Geth da Swarm akan Ubuntu
Sanya Geth da Swarm akan Debian
Shiryawa na farko
Zazzage rabon Go
Saita masu canjin yanayi
Duba sigar Go
Sanya Geth da Swarm
Ƙirƙirar blockchain mai zaman kansa
Ana shirya fayil na genesis.json
Ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi don aiki
Ƙirƙiri lissafi
Mun fara ƙaddamar da kumburi
Zaɓuɓɓukan Ƙaddamar Node
Haɗa zuwa kumburinmu
Gudanar da ma'adinai da duba ma'auni
Yana rufe Geth console
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 3. Shirya yanayin aiki akan Rasberi Pi 3Ana shirya Rasberi Pi 3 don aiki
Shigar da Rasberian
Ana shigar da sabuntawa
Kunna SSH Access
Saita Adireshin IP Static
Shigar da abubuwan da suka dace
Shigar da Go
Zazzage rabon Go
Saita masu canjin yanayi
Duba sigar Go
Sanya Geth da Swarm
Ƙirƙirar blockchain mai zaman kansa
Duba asusun ku da ma'auni
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 4. Lissafi da canja wurin kuɗi tsakanin asusunDuba ku ƙara asusu
Duba jerin asusu
Ƙara lissafi
zabin umarnin asusun geth
kalmomin shiga asusun
Cryptocurrency a cikin Ethereum
Rukunin Kudin Ethereum
Muna ƙayyade ma'auni na asusunmu na yanzu
Canja wurin kuɗi daga wannan asusu zuwa wani
eth.sendTransaction Hanyar
Duba matsayin ciniki
Rasidin ciniki
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi 5. Buga kwangilar ku ta farkoSmart kwangila a cikin Ethereum
Ƙirar Kwangilar Smart
Ethereum Virtual Machine
Haɗin haɓaka mahalli Remix Solidity IDE
Tarin aiki
Ayyukan Kwangilar Kira
Buga kwangila akan hanyar sadarwa mai zaman kansa
Muna samun ma'anar ABI da lambar binary na kwangila
Buga kwangilar
Duba kwangilar buga matsayin ciniki
Ayyukan Kwangilar Kira
Batch compiler solc
Shigar da solc akan Ubuntu
Shigar da solc akan Debian
Haɗa kwangilar HelloSol
Buga kwangilar
Shigar da solc akan Rasberian
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 6. Smart contracts da Node.jsSanya Node.js
Shigarwa akan Ubuntu
Shigarwa akan Debian
Shigarwa da gudanar da Ganache-cli
Web3 shigarwa
Shigar da solc
Sanya Node.js akan Rasberian
Rubutun don samun jerin asusu a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo
Rubutun don buga kwangila mai wayo
Kaddamar kuma sami sigogi
Samun zaɓuɓɓukan ƙaddamarwa
Tarin Kwangila
Cire katanga asusun ku
Loading ABI da lambar kwangilar binary
Ƙimar adadin iskar gas da ake buƙata
Ƙirƙiri abu kuma fara buga kwangila
Gudanar da rubutun buga kwangila
Kira ayyukan kwangila mai wayo
Shin yana yiwuwa a sabunta kwangilar wayo da aka buga?
Aiki tare da Web3 sigar 1.0.x
Samun lissafin asusu
Buga kwangilar
Ayyukan Kwangilar Kira
Canja wurin kuɗi daga wannan asusu zuwa wani
Canja wurin kuɗi zuwa asusun kwangila
Ana sabunta kwangilar wayo ta HelloSol
Ƙirƙiri rubutun don duba ma'auni na asusun ku
Ƙara kira zuwa aikin samunBalance zuwa rubutun call_contract_get_promise.js
Muna cika asusun kwangilar wayo
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 7. Gabatarwa zuwa TruffleSanya Truffle
Ƙirƙiri aikin HelloSol
Ƙirƙirar Littafin Jagora da Fayiloli
Littafin kwangiloli
Katalogi ƙaura
Gwajin directory
truffle-config.js fayil
Haɗa kwangilar HelloSol
Fara buga kwangila
Kira Ayyukan Kwangila na HelloSol a cikin Saurin Jirgin
Kiran aikin kwangilar HelloSol daga rubutun JavaScript da ke gudana Node.js
Shigar da truffle-contract module
Kiran kwangila yana aiki getValue da getString
Ayyukan kwangilar kira suna saitaValue da setString
Gyaran kwangila da sake bugawa
Aiki tare da Web3 sigar 1.0.x
Yin canje-canje ga kwangilar wayo ta HelloSol
Rubutun don kiran hanyoyin kwangila
Gwaji a cikin Truffle
Gwajin ƙarfi
Gwajin JavaScript
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 8. Nau'in Bayanin DaɗiKwangilar don koyan nau'ikan bayanai
Nau'in bayanan Boolean
Lambobin da ba a sanya hannu ba da lambobi masu sa hannu
Kafaffen lambobi
Adireshin
Daban-daban na nau'ikan hadaddun
Kafaffen Tsarin Girman Girma
Tsari mai ƙarfi
Canja wurin
Tsarin gini
Taswirar ƙamus
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi 9. Hijira na kwangiloli zuwa cibiyar sadarwar masu zaman kansu da kuma hanyar sadarwar RinkebyBuga kwangila daga Truffle zuwa cibiyar sadarwar Geth mai zaman kansa
Ana shirya kumburin cibiyar sadarwa mai zaman kansa
Shirya kwangila don aiki
Haɗawa da ƙaura kwangila zuwa cibiyar sadarwar Truffle
Fara ƙaura na cibiyar sadarwar gida
Samun kayan tarihi na Truffle
Buga kwangila daga Truffle zuwa Rinkeby testnet
Ana shirya kumburin Geth don aiki tare da Rinkeby
Aiki tare na kumburi
Ƙara asusun ajiya
Haɓaka asusun Rinkeby tare da ether
Ƙaddamar da ƙaura na kwangila zuwa hanyar sadarwar Rinkeby
Duba bayanan kwangila akan hanyar sadarwar Rinkeby
Truffle Console don hanyar sadarwar Rinkeby
Hanya mafi sauƙi don kiran ayyukan kwangila
Kira hanyoyin kwangila ta amfani da Node.js
Canja wurin kuɗi tsakanin asusun a cikin Truffle console don Rinkby
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 10. Ethereum Swarm Decentralized Data StorageTa yaya Ethereum Swarm ke aiki?
Shigarwa da ƙaddamar da Swarm
Ayyuka tare da fayiloli da kundayen adireshi
Ana loda fayil zuwa Ethereum Swarm
Karanta fayil daga Ethereum Swarm
Duba bayanan fayil ɗin da aka ɗora
Ana loda kundayen adireshi tare da kundin adireshi
Karatun fayil daga kundin adireshin da aka zazzage
Amfani da ƙofar jama'a Swarm
Samun shiga Swarm daga rubutun Node.js
Perl Net :: Ethereum :: Swarm module
Shigar da Net :: Ethereum :: Swarm module
Rubuce-rubuce da karanta bayanai
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 11. Web3.py tsarin aiki tare da Ethereum a PythonShigar da Web3.py
Ana ɗaukakawa da shigar da fakiti masu mahimmanci
Shigar da Easysolc module
Buga kwangila ta amfani da Web3.py
Tarin Kwangila
Haɗa zuwa mai bayarwa
Yi aikin buga kwangila
Ajiye adireshin kwangila da abi a cikin fayil
Gudanar da rubutun buga kwangila
Hanyoyin Kwangilar Kira
Karanta adireshin da abi na kwangila daga fayil JSON
Haɗa zuwa mai bayarwa
Ƙirƙirar Abun Kwangila
Hanyoyin Kwangilar Kira
Truffle da Web3.py
Takaitaccen darasi
Darasi na 12. BakiShin kwangila mai wayo zai iya amincewa da bayanai daga duniyar waje?
Oracle a matsayin masu shiga bayanan blockchain
Tushen bayanai
Lambar don wakiltar bayanai daga tushe
Oracle don yin rikodin ƙimar musanya a cikin blockchain
Kwangilar USDRateOracle
Ana sabunta ƙimar musanya a cikin kwangilar wayo
Amfani da Mai Bayar da Socket
Jiran taron RateUpdate
Gudanar da taron RateUpdate
Ƙaddamar da sabunta bayanai a cikin kwangilar wayo
Takaitaccen darasi
source: www.habr.com