Ko da yake gudanarwa, tattalin arziki da doka sun kasance a cikin "manyan" wuraren horarwa a jami'o'i shekaru da yawa, kwanan nan martabar ƙwarewar IT kuma ta karu sosai. Masu nema da iyayensu sun fuskanci tambayar wace jami'a za'a je и ga wane sana'a?
Shin babban ilimi a IT ma ya zama dole?
Ba na ma so in tayar da wannan batu - an karya kwafi da yawa akan wannan batu a cikin muhawara a cikin ƙwararrun al'umma. Amma duk da haka, na lura cewa akwai wuraren da kasancewar "hasumiya" ya zama wajibi ko kuma yana ba da ƙarin fa'ida: aiki a matsayin injiniya (tsara don sadarwa, cibiyoyin bayanai, da dai sauransu), aiki ga jihar. kamfanoni, karatun Injin Learning, ƙaura zuwa ƙasashen waje, shiga cikin shirin MBA, da sauransu.
A daya bangaren, idan ka je 62% guraben shirye-shirye baya buƙatar ilimi mai zurfi, amma - 61%. Kuma yawancin ma'aikatan IT suna da ilimin da ba na asali ba - wannan gaskiya ne.
Amma tunda muna nan, za mu ɗauka cewa an zaɓi zaɓi don yin aiki.
Rasha ko a waje?
Gaskiya: Ilimin cikin gida yana cikin lokuta masu wahala, kuma yawancin jami'o'in kasashen waje (misali, Jamusanci, Faransanci, Scandinavian) suna ba da ilimi kyauta ko kusan kyauta a matakin digiri na farko, na biyu da na gaba. Akwai zaɓuɓɓuka tare da horo cikin Ingilishi. Wannan dama ce ta gaske don motsawa da ci gaba da aiki a cikin "duniya ta farko".
Musamman yanayi sun bambanta daga ƙasa zuwa ƙasa. Babban cikas ga masu nema na iya zama rashin ilimin harsunan waje da rashin iya biyan kuɗi (tsada) masauki.
Abin takaici, ban sami damar yin karatu a ƙasashen waje ba. An riga an tattara labaran nasara da yawa a cikin cibiyoyin gida и .
Bugu da ari za mu yi magana ne kawai game da ainihin Rasha.
Zabar jami'a
A cikin 2018, bisa ga Yandex Atlas a Rasha 344 Jami'ar ta karɓi masu nema a fagen "Informatics and Computer Science". Amma ba duka jami'o'i ne suke da amfani daidai ba.
Da farko, kuna buƙatar yanke shawarar ainihin tambayoyin da kanku: shin kuna shirye ku ƙaura zuwa wani birni / yanki? Shin jami'a tana da dakin kwanan dalibai? Shin akwai bukatar "sashen soja" (daga 2019 "cibiyar horar da sojoji")? Wannan zai rage yawan zaɓuɓɓukan sosai.
Karatun martaba na jami'a
Ƙididdiga sun yi nisa da cikakkiyar gaskiya, saboda kawai babu wata hanyar da ba ta dace ba don tantance ingancin ilimi. Bugu da kari, a cikin jami'a akwai ko da yaushe karfi da kuma rauni ikon tunani da sassa. Duk da haka, yana da amfani don duba ratings.
Kasa da kasa
Daga jami'o'in Rasha zuwa a fannin Kimiyyar Kwamfuta (, , ) ɗari na farko ne kawai ake haɗa su akai-akai . Amma haɗawa a cikin ratings kanta ma ba ta da kyau. Yawancin lokaci sun haɗa da: , , , , , , , - manyan jami'o'in kasar.
Rashanci
Yana da fa'ida sosai don sanin kanku tare da kima don ƙididdige ƙididdigar shigar da jarrabawar Jiha ta haɗin kai na wuraren sha'awa, misali a cikin . Babban ƙimar ya zo daidai da na ƙasashen duniya; Daga cikin manyan waɗanda kuma ya cancanci ambaton , , . Ana iya samun jami'o'i iri ɗaya a saman .
Samun matsayi da shiga cikin shirin kuma yana nuni da matsayin jami'a.
Jami'o'in da aka jera "babban gasar" galibi sanannun masu daukar aiki ne da jami'an ma'aikatansu. Amma yana da wuya a shiga da karatu a can.
Nazarin IBS
An gudanar da wani bincike mai ban sha'awa a cikin 2016 ta giant IT na Rasha IBS: . Ga wani misali da aka samo daga bayanan rukunin yanar gizon bisa ga 2015 masu digiri na wasu jami'o'in fasaha na Moscow:
► Tebur: albashi na masu digiri na jami'o'in fasaha na MoscowTeburin yana nuna rabon waɗanda ke aiki da matsakaicin adadin biyan kuɗi nan da nan bayan kammala karatun.
| Ƙungiyar ilimi | Rabon aikin yi, %* | Matsakaicin albashi, ₽** |
| Moscow Aviation Institute | 80 | 57 693 |
| Moscow State Technical University mai suna bayan N.E. Bauman | 85 | 66 722 |
| Jami'ar Jihar Moscow mai suna M.V. Lomonosov | 90 | 80 325 |
| Jami'ar Jihar Moscow ta Samar da Abinci | 75 | 42 963 |
| Jami'ar fasaha ta Moscow da Ba da Sadarwa | 80 | 60 165 |
| Jami'ar Fasaha ta Rasha (MIREA+MITHT+MGUPI) | 75 | 50 792 |
| Jami'ar fasaha ta Moscow da Ba da Sadarwa | 75 | 52 629 |
| Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Moscow (Jami'ar Jihar) | 100 | 104 450 |
| Jami'ar Fasaha ta Bincike ta Kasa "MISiS" | 80 | 51 450 |
| Babbar Makarantar Tattalin Arziki ta Jami'ar Bincike ta Kasa | 85 | 66 476 |
| National Research University "Moscow Institute of Electronic Technology" | 85 | 56 219 |
| Jami'ar Bincike ta Kasa "MPEI" | 75 | 58 332 |
| Jami'ar Nuclear Bincike ta Kasa "MEPhI" | 85 | 65 532 |
* - don cikakken lokaci (cikakken lokaci), ilimi mafi girma na farko; **- wanda ya kammala karatun digiri na 2015 a cikin 2016
Tabbas, albashin da aka ba shi shine "matsakaicin zafin jiki a asibiti," amma bambanci tsakanin jami'o'i yana bayyane ga ido tsirara.
Zabin: "karfi" jami'a
Hujjar shiga jami'o'i masu gasa:
- manyan ma'auni na ilimi: yana da kyau zama dalibi na C a Jami'ar Jihar Moscow fiye da kyakkyawan ɗalibi a makarantar ginin shinge;
- yanayi mai motsa rai: a cikin jami'a mai kyau dole ne ku yi ƙoƙari don babban matakin gabaɗaya, a cikin jami'a mara kyau, akasin haka, ana ɗaukar jaruntaka don nazarin komai kuma ko ta yaya ku wuce tare da “mai gamsarwa”;
- kafa alaƙa mai amfani tare da mutane masu iyawa;
- kyawun difloma ga ma'aikaci (akalla lokacin neman aikin farko ko na biyu).
Fursunoni:
- idan ba muna magana ne game da wani nau'in kwamfuta na supercomputer ba, ana iya sarrafa batutuwan IT da kansu tare da fa'ida;
- Ya fi wuya a yi amfani da shi, kuna buƙatar shirya a gaba;
- zai dauki da yawa bakin ciki, in ba haka ba yana da sauƙin tashi.
Ina ba da shawarar cewa yara masu basirar kimiyyar lissafi da lissafi har yanzu su yi ƙoƙarin shiga jami'a mafi girma. Amma kana buƙatar la'akari da cewa wasu yara suna shirin shiga Jami'ar Jihar Moscow guda ɗaya daga aji na 9.
Zabin: “jami’a na yau da kullun
Har yanzu, yawancin ƙwararrun ana horar da su a jami'o'i masu sauƙi. Idan mai karatu, kamar marubucin post ɗin, ba shi da isassun taurari a sararin sama, to burin mu shine shigar da jami'ar masana'antu mai inganci.
Me yasa jami'o'i ke rataye gashin kansu a kunne?
Gaskiya: a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, adadin masu nema da 40% mai ban tsoro. Yawan wuraren kasafin kudi a jami'o'i ma ya ragu, amma ba haka ba.
A sakamakon haka, jami'o'i dole ne su yi takara don masu nema: suna buƙatar cike wuraren kasafin kuɗi, in ba haka ba za a iya yanke waɗannan wuraren a shekara mai zuwa, kuma zai yi kyau a shigar da dalibai masu biyan kuɗi. A cikin irin wannan yanayi na gasa, dole ne jami'o'i su koyi tallan tallace-tallace ko suna so ko ba sa so. Saboda haka, abu ne na dabi'a cewa a kan gidan yanar gizon hukuma, kuma a ranar budewa, jami'a za ta raira waƙa ta yabo - babu buƙatar ɗaukar duk abin da aka ji da daraja.
Zaɓuɓɓukan tambaya
Wane ilimi ne aka rage daraja?
- wasiƙa / koyan nesa - yanayi a rayuwa sun bambanta, amma idan kuna da damar yin nazarin cikakken lokaci, to yana da kyau ku je cikakken lokaci (ko akalla maraice);
- sana'a mara izini - babu wani jinkiri daga sojojin + damar karɓar maimakon jihar. difloma da difloma (da shigar da ku za a tabbatar da cewa shirin sabon abu ne kawai, kuma za a karɓi izini nan ba da jimawa ba);
- saitin manufa - ba muni ba, amma don sanya shi a hankali, ba don kowa ba ne: ƙasa da darajar wucewa, amma bayan kammala karatun - aikin tilastawa zuwa wasu cibiyoyin bincike ko hukumomin tilasta bin doka (= karancin albashi);
- reshe - a matsayin mai mulkin, ya fi rauni fiye da jami'ar iyaye (idan ba jami'ar da ke da alaƙa ba, duba ƙasa);
- ba jami'ar fasaha ba - kamar yadda jami'o'in fasaha suka fi mayar da hankali kan horar da lauyoyi da masana tattalin arziki, kuma akasin haka - jami'o'in jin kai suna ƙoƙarin horar da kwararrun IT; Akwai kyawawa masu kyau, alal misali, babban HSE, da farko, ya kirkiro Faculty of Computer Science tare da haɗin gwiwar Yandex, na biyu kuma, a cikin 2012 ya "ci" jami'ar IT mai kyau, MIEM;
- kasuwanci (ba jiha) jami'a - Jami'o'i masu zaman kansu gabaɗaya sun fi son koyar da lauyoyi da masu kuɗi; ba mu taɓa jin manyan jami'o'in IT masu zaman kansu ba tukuna. Wasu, bisa ga jita-jita, gabaɗaya suna aiki a cikin yanayin "suna dawowa sau ɗaya kowane watanni shida tare da littafin rikodin da kuɗi". Duba abin banƙyama .
Waɗannan ba koyarwa ba ne: ba shakka, koyaushe kuna buƙatar duba yanayin.
hadewar jami'a
Na dabam, ya kamata a ambaci cewa a cikin Moscow da St. Petersburg a cikin 'yan shekarun nan da dama consolidations na jami'o'i. Wasu sun kasance quite m - kawai saboda kusanci da yankuna: misali, hakar ma'adinai da kuma masana'antu Moscow Jihar Jami'ar Humanities aka haɗe zuwa Cibiyar Karfe da Alloys MSiS, da kuma sinadaran Institute of Chemical Technology aka haɗe zuwa Cibiyar. Radioelectronics da Automation (MIREA). Hakanan, MGUPI mai yin kayan aiki ya zama wani ɓangare na MIREA. HSE, bayan da ya mamaye Cibiyar Lantarki da Lissafi ta MIEM, ta karɓi gine-ginenta a tsakiyar, kuma MIEM da kanta ta koma bayan gari - zuwa Strogino.
A lokaci guda, "alamar" ta kasance daga jami'ar "mafi karfi". Wadancan. shigar da reshen Mytishchi na MSTU. Bauman, yana da kyau a tuna cewa shekaru uku da suka wuce Jami'ar daji ce.
Fannoni
Ko da yake yana da mahimmanci don canja wurin zuwa wani ƙwarewa, yana da kyau a zabi daidai nan da nan, in ba haka ba za ku biya wani gungu na "bashi".
Zaɓin ƙwararrun yana da alaƙa da zaɓi na baiwa da sashen karatun digiri. A kowace jami'a akwai malamai masu ƙarfi da masu rauni, don haka zaɓin da aka sani shima yana da mahimmanci a nan.
A gefe guda, zabar ƙwararrun ba yana nufin zaɓi na ƙarshe na sana'a ba - a cikin IT komai yana da sauƙi kuma yana canzawa da sauri. Kwararren yana da daraja, ba sana'a ba.
A cikin Rasha, akwai tsarin ka'idojin Ilimi na Tarayya (Ma'aunin Ilimi na Tarayya) ga kowane ƙwararru, wanda jami'o'in ke shirya shirye-shiryen ilimi. A daya bangaren kuma, akwai alaka . Na yi ƙoƙarin kwatanta ƙwarewa da sana'o'i, amma wannan ita ce hasashe na gaba ɗaya.
| Lambar | Tsohuwar code | Fanni na Musamman | ~Sana'a |
| 09.03.01 | 230100 | Ilimin Ilimi da Injiniya na Kwamfuta | shirye-shirye |
| 09.03.02 | 230400 | Tsarin bayanai da fasaha | programmer, tsarin gudanarwa |
| 09.03.03 | 230700 | Aiwatar da Informatics | shirye-shirye, Analyst (a cikin filin da aka yi amfani da shi, misali a fannin tattalin arziki) |
| 09.03.04 | 231000 | Injiniya Software | mai tsara shirye-shirye-mai tsarawa |
| 01.03.02 | 010400 | Aiwatar da ilimin lissafi da kimiyyar kwamfuta | Analyst, shirye-shirye |
| 01.03.04 | 231300 | Aiwatar Lissafi | manazarci |
| 01.03.05 | Stats | manazarci | |
| 02.03.01 | 010200 | Lissafi da Kimiyyar Kwamfuta | mathematician, mai tsara shirye-shirye |
| 02.03.02 | 010300 | Muhimmin kimiyyar kwamfuta da fasahar bayanai | shirye-shirye, Analyst |
| 02.03.03 | 010500 | Software da sarrafa tsarin bayanai | Programmer, Analyst |
| 10.03.01 | 090900 | Tsaron Bayani | kwararre kan tsaro na bayanai |
| 38.03.05 | 080500 | Bayanan Kasuwanci | manazarci, IT Manager |
| 15.03.04 | 220700 | Yin aiki da kai na hanyoyin fasaha da samarwa | samar da sarrafa kansa |
| 11.03.02 | Fasahar sadarwa da tsarin sadarwa | injiniyan sadarwa, mai kula da tsarin | |
| 27.03.04 | 220400 | Sarrafa a cikin tsarin fasaha | samar da sarrafa kansa, mai sarrafa tsarin sarrafawa ta atomatik |
Dabarun na musamman sun mamaye juna, kuma bambance-bambancen da ke tsakanin su yana da wuyar fahimta, ko da kun karanta Matsayin Ilimin Jihar Tarayya. A lokaci guda kuma, jami'a tana da 'yanci don canza sassa daban-daban na shirin ta hanyar wasu son zuciya. Wani wuri akwai ƙarin lissafi, wani wuri akwai algorithms, wani wuri akwai ƙarin aiki. Sabili da haka, yana da kyau a bincika ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun shirye-shiryen na gida tare da kwamitin shiga.
Abin takaici, na kasa samun ingantacciyar jagorar jagorar aikin IT. Idan wani ya hadu da shi, don Allah a raba.
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Kwararre ko Digiri na farko?
Tare da sabon tsarin "Bologna": 4 shekaru na digiri na digiri + 2 shekaru na digiri na biyu, da Tarayyar Soviet na 5-5.5 shekaru ci gaba da wanzuwa. A gaskiya, ba zan ce wanne ya fi kyau ba. Lokacin da digirin farko ya fara bayyana kimanin shekaru 10 da suka wuce, jami'o'i sun yi gaggawar shirya shirye-shiryen digiri, suna fitar da tsofaffin shirye-shiryen ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun malamai. Yanzu, ina fata, yanayin ya dawo daidai kuma za ku iya zuwa digiri na farko a cikin aminci, musamman tun lokacin da sana'ar ta zama abin tarihi. Digiri na farko ya dace da tsarin ilimi na Turai, kuma yana ba ku damar daidaita ƙwarewar ku ta hanyar yin rajista a cikin shirin masters na Rasha ko na waje. An raba digirin farko zuwa "ilimi" da "amfanuwa" - a karshen, 'yan sa'o'i kadan suna sadaukar da "tushe" da ƙari don yin aiki. Yin aiki yana da kyau, amma ba gaskiya ba ne cewa jami'a za ta iya samar da shi a matakin da ya dace, kuma tushe na iya zama da amfani ga digiri na biyu.
Shin zan zama ƙwararren da ake nema bayan difloma na?
Wannan tambaya ce mai kyau don yiwa kanku, aƙalla farawa daga shekara ta uku. Amsa: Ya dogara da dalibi fiye da jami'a.
Yana da matuƙar kyawawa cewa ta hanyar kammala karatun ku sami wasu ƙwarewa masu amfani waɗanda za a iya samu ta ƙarin kwasa-kwasan da horon horo. Sau da yawa jami'o'i suna aiki tare da kamfanoni - ma'aikacin "girma" gwani don kansa. A cikin yanayin halin yanzu na rami na alƙaluma, ko da Yandex da Mail.Ru ba za su iya samun damar "hayar tsofaffi kawai ba," don haka suna neman masu horarwa. Kada ka ji tsoron ƙoƙarin samun aiki kuma kada ka ji tsoron canza aikinka na farko idan ba ka so.
Zan bayyana daban-daban mahimmancin koyon Turanci. Yi rajista don darussan Ingilishi - kuma wannan, bi da bi, zai buɗe muku darussan MOOC daga jami'o'in ƙasashen waje.
Game da aikin ilimi: abin kunya ne, amma masu daukan ma'aikata ba sa kallon gaskiyar cewa kana da takardar shaidar "daraja", amma har yanzu ana iya buƙatar matsakaicin matsayi mai kyau (GPA) lokacin da ake nema zuwa shirin masters na kasashen waje.
Ku tafi dashi!
Abubuwan da suka shafi:
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Masu karatun digiri, karatun jami'a ya taimake ku a cikin aikin ku na gaba?
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A
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Sai a farkon
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Babu
147 masu amfani sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 33 sun kaurace.
Masu ɗaukan ma'aikata, shin samun babban ilimi yana kawo canji yayin ɗaukar ma'aikatan ku?
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Eh, muna hayar mutane masu ilimi na musamman
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Eh, muna daukar hayar mutane masu digiri na farko, yana yiwuwa tare da dalibin da ba na asali ba
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Samun ilimi mai zurfi yana da kyawawa
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A'a, ba ma kallonsa kwata-kwata
Masu amfani 79 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 80 sun kaurace.
Wadanne jami'o'in kasar Rasha kuke ganin suna jagorantar kasar a fannin kimiyyar kwamfuta (ko kuna son daukar wadanda suka kammala karatun digiri)?
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Sauran
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Jami'ar Jihar Moscow
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Jami'ar Jihar Saint Petersburg
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Cibiyar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Moscow (Phystech)
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St. Petersburg University of Information Technologies, Makanikai da Na gani gani (ITMO)
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Makarantar Sakandaren Tattalin Arziki
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Tomsk Polytechnic University
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Jami'ar Jihar Tomsk
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Jami'ar Jihar Novosibirsk
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Moscow State Technical University mai suna bayan. N.E. Bauman
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Moscow Engineering Physics Institute
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Moscow Cibiyar Karfe da Alloys
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St. Petersburg State Electrotechnical University "LETI"
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Moscow Aviation Institute
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Kazan (Yankin Volga) Jami'ar Tarayya
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Ural Federal University
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Jami'ar Jihar Nizhny Novgorod mai suna bayan. N. I. Lobachevsky
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Jami'ar Tarayya ta Kudu
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Jami'ar Tarayya ta Siberiya
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Far Eastern Federal University
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St. Petersburg Polytechnic University
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Samara University
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Jami'ar Tarayya ta Baltic
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South Ural State University
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Jami'ar Jihar Tyumen
Masu amfani 87 sun kada kuri'a. Masu amfani 95 sun kaurace.
source: www.habr.com