Hello, Habr! Shekaru da yawa, saitin ilimi na LEGO WeDo 2.0 da Scratch na yara sun haɓaka a layi daya, amma a farkon wannan shekara Scratch ya fara tallafawa abubuwa na zahiri, gami da ƙirar Ilimin LEGO. Za mu yi magana game da yadda za a iya amfani da wannan dam ɗin don koyar da mutum-mutumi da abin da yake bayarwa ga ɗalibai da malamai a cikin wannan labarin.
Babban makasudin nazarin injiniyoyin mutum-mutumi da shirye-shirye ba wai kawai ba kuma ba wai kawai ƙira da ƙira ba ne, amma ƙirƙirar ƙwarewar duniya. Da farko, tunanin ƙira, wanda kusan ba a kula da shi ba a makarantu na 1990s da 2000s, amma wanda ake haɓakawa sosai a cikin dukkan lamuran makaranta a yau. Kafa matsala, hasashe, tsari-mataki-mataki, gudanar da gwaje-gwaje, bincike - kusan kowace sana'a ta zamani an gina ta akan wannan, amma yana da wahala a haɓaka su cikin tsarin daidaitattun darussan makaranta, waɗanda a cikin su akwai adadi mai yawa. na "cramming".
Robotics yana sauƙaƙa koyon sauran darussan makaranta ta hanyar nuna dokoki na zahiri a zahiri. Don haka, malamin makarantar firamare Yulia Poniatovskaya mun ga yadda dalibanta suka hada samfurin farko - tadpole mara gagarawa, suka rubuta shirin motsa shi kuma suka kaddamar da shi. Lokacin da tadpole ba zai yi tsalle ba, yaran suka fara neman matsalolin fasaha, amma daga bisani sun yanke shawarar cewa matsalar ba ta cikin code ko majalisa ba, amma saboda yadda tadpole ya motsa bai dace da sushi ba.
Don cimma wannan tsabta da kuma sauƙaƙa wa yara, software a cikin kayan aikin ilimi shine sigar shirye-shiryen ƙira mai sauƙi. Amma ba su dace da koyar da tushen shirye-shirye ba. Ana iya gyara wannan gazawar ta yin aiki tare da saitin Ilimi na LEGO tare da software na ɓangare na uku: Za a iya tsara WeDo 2.0 ta amfani da harshen ilimi na Scratch.
Abubuwan mallakar LEGO Ilimi WeDo 2.0
The LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 Basic Set an tsara shi don yara masu shekaru 7-10. Ya haɗa da: Smart Hub WeDo 2.0, motar lantarki, motsi da na'urori masu auna karkatar da hankali, sassa na ilimi na LEGO, trays da lakabi don rarraba sassa, software na WeDo 2.0, jagorar malami da umarni don haɗa samfuran asali.
Ga kowane samfurin, mun rubuta waɗanne ra'ayoyi daga ilimomi daban-daban da suka bayyana. Alal misali, ta amfani da "Player", shi ne dace don bayyana wa yara yanayin sauti da abin da gogayya karfi, da kuma amfani da "Dancing Robot" - makanikai na ƙungiyoyi. Matsaloli na iya bambanta, malami ne ya ƙirƙira shi "a kan tashi" kuma yana da mafita da yawa, wanda ke taimaka wa yara haɓaka ƙwarewarsu wajen gano alaƙa-da-sakamako.
Baya ga azuzuwan mutum-mutumi da bayanin dokokin zahiri, ana iya amfani da saitin don tsara shirye-shirye, saboda rubuta lambar cewa “animates” abubuwa na zahiri sun fi ban sha'awa fiye da ƙirƙirar wani abu mai kama-da-wane.
LEGO Ilimi WeDo 2.0 ko Scratch software
WeDo 2.0 yana amfani da fasahar LabVIEW daga kayan aikin ƙasa; mu'amalar ta ƙunshi gumaka masu launuka iri-iri kawai tare da hotuna, waɗanda aka tsara su cikin jeri na layi ta amfani da ja-da-saukarwa.
Yin amfani da wannan software, yara suna koyon gina sarƙoƙi na ayyuka - amma wannan har yanzu yana da nisa daga shirye-shirye na gaske, kuma sauye-sauye zuwa yarukan "misali" a nan gaba na iya haifar da babbar matsala. WeDo 2.0 ya dace don fara koyan shirye-shirye, amma don ƙarin ayyuka masu rikitarwa, ƙarfinsa bai isa ba.
Wannan shine inda Scratch ya zo don ceto - yaren shirye-shirye na gani wanda ke nufin ɗalibai masu shekaru 7-10. Shirye-shiryen da aka rubuta a cikin Scratch sun ƙunshi ɓangarorin hoto masu launi da yawa waɗanda za ku iya sarrafa abubuwa masu hoto (sprite).
Ta hanyar saita dabi'u daban-daban da haɗa tubalan tare, zaku iya ƙirƙirar wasanni, rayarwa da majigin yara. Scratch yana ba ku damar koyon dabarun tsararru, abu- da shirye-shiryen da suka dace, gabatar da madaukai, masu canji da maganganun Boolean.
Scratch yana da ɗan wahalar koyo, amma ya fi kusa da harsunan shirye-shirye na rubutu fiye da software na WeDo, tun da yake yana bin ka'idodin tsarin harsunan rubutu (ana karanta shirin daga sama zuwa ƙasa), kuma yana buƙatar. indentation lokacin amfani da kalamai daban-daban (yayin, idan ... da sauransu). Hakanan yana da mahimmanci cewa an nuna rubutun umarni akan toshe shirin kuma, idan muka cire "launi", muna samun lambar da kusan ba ta bambanta da harsunan gargajiya ba. Saboda haka, zai fi sauƙi ga yaro ya canza daga Scratch zuwa harsunan "manyan manya".
Na dogon lokaci, umarni da aka rubuta a cikin Scratch kawai sun ba da izinin aiki tare da abubuwa masu kama-da-wane, amma a cikin Janairu 2019, an fitar da sigar 3.0, wanda ke tallafawa abubuwa na zahiri (gami da LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 modules) ta amfani da aikace-aikacen Scratch Link. Yanzu zaku iya hulɗa tare da wasanni iri ɗaya da zane-zane ta amfani da injina da na'urori masu auna firikwensin.
Ba kamar software na WeDo 2.0 ba, Scratch yana da ƙarin ƙarfi: software na tushe na iya haɗa sautin al'ada guda ɗaya kawai, baya ba ku damar ƙirƙirar hanyoyin ku da ayyukanku (wato, haɗa umarni cikin toshe ɗaya), yayin da Scratch ba shi da. irin wannan ƙuntatawa. Wannan yana ba da ƙarin 'yanci da dama ga duka ɗalibai da malamai.
Koyo tare da Ilimin LEGO WeDo 2.0
Daidaitaccen darasi ya haɗa da tattaunawa game da matsala, ƙira, shirye-shirye da tunani.
Kuna iya ayyana aikin ta amfani da gabatarwa mai rai, wanda aka haɗa a cikin saitin kayan. Yara sai su yi hasashe game da yadda tsarin ke aiki.
A mataki na biyu, yara suna da hannu kai tsaye wajen harhada robobin LEGO. A matsayinka na mai mulki, ɗalibai suna aiki a nau'i-nau'i, amma aikin mutum ko ƙungiya yana yiwuwa. Akwai cikakkun bayanai game da kowane ɗayan ayyukan mataki-mataki 16. Kuma ƙarin ayyukan buɗewa guda 8 suna ba da cikakkiyar yanci lokacin zabar mafita ga matsalar da aka bayar.
A mataki na shirye-shirye, ya zama dole a la'akari da cewa yana da kyau a fara da naku software na WeDo 2.0. Da zarar yara sun ƙware kuma suka koyi yadda ake aiki da tubalan da ƙira, mataki ne mai ma'ana don matsawa zuwa Scratch.
A mataki na ƙarshe, akwai nazarin abubuwan da aka yi, gina tebur da zane-zane, da gwaje-gwajen da aka yi. A wannan mataki, zaku iya sanya ɗawainiya don tace samfurin ko haɓaka ɓangaren injiniyoyi ko software.
Kayan aiki masu amfani
- ta LEGO WeDo 2.0 don malamai
- ta LEGO WeDo 2.0
- Jami'ai Tashi
- tsawo don aiki tare da abubuwa na zahiri (gami da WeDo 2.0) a cikin Scratch
- Muna 2.0.
- Darussa 11 ta amfani da LEGO Education WeDo 2.0 sets
- don haɗa samfuran WeDo 2.0
source: www.habr.com