Lasisi don ayyukan buɗaɗɗen tushe wanda ke tilasta masu amfani da "kada su cutar da su"

Hello, Habr! Ina gabatar muku da fassarar labarin "Lasin Buɗaɗɗen Madogara Wanda Ya Bukaci Masu Amfani Kada Su Yi Cutarwa" da Klint Finley.

China yana amfani da fasahar gane fuska,domin lissafin musulman Uygur. Sojojin Amurka suna amfani da su jirage marasa matuka don kashe wadanda ake zargi da ta'addanci, kuma a lokaci guda farar hula a kusa. Tir da Shige da Fice da Kwastam na Amurka - iri ɗaya waɗanda suka ajiye yara a keji kusa da iyakar Mexico - sun dogara da software don sadarwa da daidaitawa, kamar duk ƙungiyoyin zamani.

Dole ne wani ya rubuta lambar da ta sa duk wannan ya yiwu. Bugu da kari, masu haɓakawa suna yin kira ga ma’aikatansu da gwamnatoci da su daina amfani da ayyukansu don abubuwan da ba su dace ba. Ma'aikatan Google sun shawo kan kamfanin ya daina aiki a kan nazarin rikodin drone, da soke duk shirye-shiryen neman yin lissafin girgije don Pentagon. Ma'aikatan Microsoft sun yi zanga-zangar haɗin gwiwar kamfanin tare da 'yan sandan shige da fice da soja, ko da yake tare da kadan nasara.

Koyaya, yana da matukar wahala a hana kamfanoni ko gwamnatoci yin amfani da software da aka riga aka rubuta, musamman lokacin da wannan software ke cikin jama'a. A watan da ya gabata, misali, Seth Vargo goge wasu software na budaddiyar madogara daga ma'ajiyar yanar gizo don nuna adawa da yuwuwar amfani da 'yan sandan shige da fice. Koyaya, tunda buɗe lambar tushe ana iya kwafi da rarrabawa kyauta, duk lambar nesa ta kasance nan da nan a wasu kafofin.

Coraline Ida Emki tana son baiwa abokan aikinta damar sarrafa yadda ake amfani da manhajar su. Software da aka saki a ƙarƙashin sabon sa "Lasisi Hippocratic" ana iya rarrabawa da canza su don kowace manufa, tare da babban keɓance ɗaya: ƙila ba za a iya amfani da software ta daidaikun mutane, kamfanoni, gwamnatoci, ko wasu ƙungiyoyi akan tsarin ko don ayyukan da ke yin haɗari da ganganci, cutarwa, ko kuma cutar da mutane na zahiri ba. lafiyar hankali ko tattalin arziki ko wasu jin daɗin ɗaiɗaikun mutane ko ƙungiyoyin jama'a, wanda ya saba wa Yarjejeniya ta Majalisar Dinkin Duniya game da 'yancin ɗan adam.

Bayyana a fili abin da ake nufi da cutarwa abu ne mai wuyar gaske kuma mai kawo cece-kuce, amma Emki na fatan danganta wannan lasisin da ka'idojin kasa da kasa da ake da su zai taimaka wajen rage rashin tabbas kan lamarin. "Sanarwar 'Yancin Dan Adam takarda ce mai shekaru 70 da aka yarda da ita don ma'anar cutarwa da kuma ainihin abin da ke tattare da keta haƙƙin ɗan adam," in ji Emkey.

Hakika, wannan wani wajen m shawara, amma Emki ya shahara wajen fadin abubuwa kamar haka. A cikin 2014, ta rubuta sigar farko na ƙa'idodin ɗabi'a don ayyukan buɗaɗɗen tushe mai suna "Lambar ɗabi'a ga Mahalarta." Da farko an gamu da shakku, amma sama da 40000 buɗaɗɗen ayyukan sun riga sun karɓi waɗannan ƙa'idodin, daga dandalin Google's TensorFlow AI zuwa Linux kernel.
Gaskiya ne, a halin yanzu, mutane kaɗan ne ke buga littattafai a ƙarƙashin "Lasisi na Hippocratic", ko da Emki kanta bai yi amfani da shi ba tukuna. Har yanzu lasisin yana buƙatar samun amincewar doka, wanda Emki ya ɗauki lauya, tare da cikas iri-iri masu yuwuwa, gami da hanyar dacewa da wasu lasisi, waɗanda za a yi maganin su ko ta yaya.

Emkey ya yarda cewa canza yadda injiniyoyi ke ba da lasisin aikinsu ba zai hana cin zarafin ɗan adam da kansa ba. Duk da haka, tana son baiwa mutane kayan aiki don hana kamfanoni, gwamnatoci, ko wasu ƙungiyoyin ɓarna daga yin amfani da lambar su don aikata laifuka.
Wata kungiya mai zaman kanta ta Open Source Initiative ta ce manhajar budaddiyar manhajar “bai kamata ta nuna wariya ga daidaikun mutane ko kungiyoyin mutane ba” kuma “bai kamata ta hana kowa yunkurin amfani da manhajar a wasu wuraren aiki ba.

Ko cin zarafi na 'yancin ɗan adam "takamaiman wuraren aiki ne" ya rage a gani (kusan layi akwai zagi da yawa a nan), tunda Emki ba ta riga ta gabatar da "Lasisin Hippocratic" a hukumance ga OSI don dubawa ba. Duk da haka a cikin wani tweet a watan da ya gabata Kungiyar ta nuna cewa wannan lasisin bai dace da ma'anar software na kyauta ba. OSI co-kafa Bruce Pierence kuma ya rubuta a shafin sacewa wannan lasisin ya sabawa ma'anar da ƙungiyarsu ta bayar.

Emki yana fatan hada kan al'ummar bude ido don matsawa OSI lamba don canza ma'anarsu, ko ƙirƙirar sabo. "Ina tsammanin ma'anar OSI ta tsufa," in ji Emkee. "A halin yanzu, al'umman buɗe ido kawai ba su da kayan aikin da ke hannunsu don hana amfani da fasahohin mu, misali, ta 'yan fasikanci."

Abubuwan da ke damun Emka suna raba su da sauran masu haɓakawa. Michael Caferella, wanda shi ne wanda ya kafa sanannen dandalin sarrafa bayanan buɗaɗɗiyar Hadoop, ya ga yadda ake amfani da kayan aikin sa ta hanyoyin da bai taɓa tsammani ba, ciki har da Hukumar Tsaro ta Ƙasa. "Yana da kyau idan mutane suka fara tunanin wanda ke amfani da software da kuma yadda. Da kaina, na fi damuwa da cin zarafi daga jihohin da ba su da mulkin demokraɗiyya waɗanda ke da mahimman albarkatun injiniya don canzawa da tura sabbin ayyuka. Ba ni da gogewar da ta dace da zan ce ko wannan (Lasisi na Hippocratic) zai isa ya dakatar da irin wannan cin zarafi,” in ji shi.

Ƙoƙarin canza ma'anar buɗaɗɗen tushe don yin la'akari da batutuwan ɗa'a suna da dogon tarihi mai cike da cece-kuce. Emki yayi nisa da farkon wanda yayi ƙoƙarin rubuta lasisin da zai hana amfani da buɗaɗɗen tushe don haifar da lahani. Don haka tsara zuwa tsara GPU Computing Utility: Unit Processing Unit an sake shi a cikin 2006 a ƙarƙashin lasisin da ya haramta amfani da shi ta hanyar soja. Ya zuwa yanzu, irin waɗannan matakan ba su da ɗan tasiri, amma wannan na iya canzawa. A farkon wannan shekarar an karɓi ayyukan software da dama Lasisi na Anti-996, wanda ke buƙatar masu amfani da su su bi ka'idodin ƙwadago na gida da na ƙasa da ƙasa, don mayar da martani ga labaran ƙazanta na yanayin aiki a kamfanonin fasahar Sin. Emkey yana fatan koma bayan jama'a game da 'yan sandan Shige da Fice na Amurka, wanda ya bazu fiye da fannin fasaha, na iya zama abin bakin ciki.

Wasu suna nuna yuwuwar ɗaukar sabon kalma don lambar da wasu ke buɗe don amfani da su amma an rufe ga wasu. "Wataƙila mu daina kiran software ɗin mu 'buɗe' mu fara kiranta 'buɗe don kyau'," Vargo ya rubuta a cikin tweet, wannan programmer wanda a baya ya goge lambar sa don nuna adawa da hukumar ‘yan sandan shige da fice.

Kalmar “budaddiyar software” ta kasance a ƙarshen 1990s a matsayin madadin “software kyauta”, kuma tana da alaƙa da wasu batutuwan akida a wancan lokacin. Kuma yanzu, yayin da masu haɓakawa suka ƙara haɓaka akida, watakila lokaci yayi da wani lokaci ya fito.

source: www.habr.com