An rubuta labarin ban da bisa bukatar al'umma.
A cikin wannan labarin za mu fahimci sihirin lambobi a cikin lambobi goma. Kuma la'akari da lambar ba kawai karbuwa a ciki ba Farashin ESKD (Unified System of Design Documentation), kazalika a cikin Farashin ESPD (Unified System of Program Takardu) da KSAS (Saitin ƙa'idodi don tsarin sarrafa kansa), tunda Harb galibi ya ƙunshi ƙwararrun IT.
Dangane da buƙatun ESKD, ESPD da ma'aunin KSAS, kowane samfur (shiri, tsarin) dole ne a sanya nadi - lambar ƙima.
An sanya nadi bisa ga ka'idojin da aka kafa a cikin ma'auni. Mutane ne suka ƙirƙiro wannan a zamanin da don haɗawa da sauƙaƙe gano samfura da takaddun bayanai, adana bayanai da ma'ajiyar bayanai.
Bari mu fahimci hanya mai sauƙi don sanya lambar ƙima don kada ta zama tsohuwar al'ada, kuma lambobin da aka sanya ba su zama kamar lambobin sihiri ba.
Ga kowane saitin ma'auni, za mu yi la'akari da hanya daban.
Haɗin kai tsarin takaddun ƙira
A cikin ESKD, tsarin nadi don samfuran da takaddun ƙirar su an kafa ta .
Kowane samfurin yana da nasa nau'i na musamman.
Za'a iya sanya alamar samfurin ta hanyoyi biyu:
- tsakiya - a cikin tsarin tsarin da ma'aikatar, sashen, a cikin masana'antu ya ƙaddara;
- raguwa - daidai da dokokin da aka karɓa a cikin ƙungiyar ci gaba.
Ana nuna tsarin ƙirar samfurin da babban takaddar ƙira a cikin hoto 1.
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| Hoto 1 - Tsarin ƙirar samfur |
Lambobin haruffa masu lamba huɗu na ƙungiyar haɓaka takaddun ƙira, waɗanda suka ƙunshi haruffa kamar ABC, an sanya su bisa ga Codifier na ƙungiyoyin ci gaba.
Don samun lambar harafi mai lamba huɗu, dole ne ƙungiyar haɓaka ta tuntuɓi . Lura cewa ana biyan wannan sabis ɗin. Misali: Kamfanin NVP "Bolid" yana da lambar wasiƙa mai lamba huɗu na ƙungiyar haɓakawa "ACDR", CJSC "Bastion" - "FIASH".
Don samfuran farar hula, maimakon lambar harafi mai lamba huɗu, an ba da izinin amfani da lambar daga All-Russian Classifier of Enterprises and Organizations () ma'aikata masu tasowa. Lambar OKPO (lambar lambobi takwas ko goma) wajibi ne ga kowace kungiya kuma tana canzawa kawai lokacin da kamfani ya canza shugabanci da ƙayyadaddun ayyukansa, in ba haka ba ya kasance mai dorewa ga duk rayuwar kamfanin.
An sanya lambar sifa ta rarrabuwa ga samfur da takaddar ƙira bisa ga mai rarraba samfura da takaddun ƙira na injiniyan injiniya da yin kayan aiki (ESKD Classifier). A cikin Tarayyar Rasha akwai "All-Russian Classifier of Products and Design Takardu", , shi ne tsarin tsari na sunayen rabe-raben abubuwa na rarraba abubuwa - samfurori na manyan da kuma samar da kayan aiki na dukkanin sassan tattalin arzikin kasa, takardun fasaha na yau da kullum da lambobin su kuma wani muhimmin ɓangare ne na Ƙaddamarwa Tsarin Tsarin Rarrabawa da Coding na Technical da Bayanin Tattalin Arziki.
Halin rarrabuwa shine babban ɓangaren ƙirar samfurin da takaddar ƙira. An sanya lambar sifa ta sifa bisa ga ESKD Classifier kuma lamba ce mai lamba shida wacce ke tsara aji (lambobi biyu na farko), ƙaramin aji, rukuni, ƙaramin rukuni, nau'in (lambobi ɗaya kowanne). An gina ma'anar ESKD ta amfani da hanyar ƙima ta ƙima, dangane da sauyi mai ma'ana daga na gaba ɗaya zuwa keɓantaccen tsari a cikin saitin da ake rarrabawa.
Tsarin siffar sifa ta naɗin lambar kamar haka:
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| Hoto 2 - Tsarin lambar sifa ta rarrabuwa |
Rarraba yana tare da cikakkun shawarwari don nema da ƙayyadaddun lambar don halayen rarrabuwar samfur.
Alal misali, ya kamata ka ƙayyade lambar sifa ta rarrabuwa don samar da wutar lantarki guda ɗaya tare da wutar lantarki na 220V AC, 50Hz, tare da ingantaccen ƙarfin fitarwa na DC na 12V da ƙarfin aiki na 60W.
Na farko, yakamata ku ƙayyade lambar aji a cikin grid na azuzuwan da ƙananan azuzuwan ta sunan samfurin.
A wannan yanayin, ajin ya dace 43 "Microcircuits, semiconductor, electrovacuum, piezoelectric, jimla lantarki na'urorin, resistors, haši, wutar lantarki converters, sakandare samar da wutar lantarki".
A can ya kamata ku zaɓi ƙaramin aji 436XXX "Tsaro da hanyoyin samar da wutar lantarki na biyu".
Yin amfani da grid na ƙungiyoyi, ƙananan ƙungiyoyi da nau'ikan, yakamata ku ƙayyade ƙungiyar a cikin rukunin da aka zaɓa, dangane da halayen na'urar da ake haɓakawa: 4362XX "Maɓuɓɓugan wutar lantarki na biyu ta tashar tashoshi ɗaya tare da shigar da wutar lantarki mai canzawa lokaci ɗaya", Ƙungiya: 43623X "Tare da fitarwa akai-akai stabilized ƙarfin lantarki da fitarwa sigogi" kuma duba: 436234 "Power, W St. 10 zuwa 100 incl. irin ƙarfin lantarki, V har zuwa 100 incl.".
Don haka, lambar rarrabuwa don samar da wutar lantarki ta tashar tashoshi ɗaya tare da wutar lantarki na 220V AC a mitar 50Hz tare da ingantaccen ƙarfin fitarwa na 12V DC da ƙarfin aiki na 60W zai kasance: 436234.
Ana sanya lambar rajista ta serial bisa ga sifar rarrabuwa daga 001 zuwa 999 a cikin lambar ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa idan aka yi la'akari da aikin nadi, kuma idan akwai aiki na tsakiya - a cikin lambar ƙungiyar da aka keɓe don aiki na tsakiya.
Misali, wannan lambar na iya zama serial number na shigarwa a cikin katin rajistar samfurin samfur. An kafa tsari da tsari don riƙe katin rajista a cikin GOST 2.201-80.
Don haka, ga misalin da aka yi la'akari da zabar halayyar rarrabuwa, ƙirar samfurin na iya yin kama da haka:
Zaɓin takaddun ƙirar da ba na ainihi ba dole ne ya ƙunshi ƙirar samfuri da lambar takaddun da aka kafa ta ma'aunin ESKD, wanda aka rubuta zuwa ƙirar samfurin ba tare da sarari ba, an sanya shi daidai da Tebura 3. GOST 2.102-2013 "Nau'i da cikar takaddun ƙira".
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| Hoto 3 - Zayyana takaddun ƙirar da ba na ainihi ba |
Misali, zane-zanen lantarki: FIASH.436234.610E3
Zayyana nau'ikan samfuri da takardu a cikin rukuni da kuma hanyar asali na aiwatar da takaddun ƙira, ana ƙara serial lamba na sigar zuwa ƙirar samfur ta hanyar ƙararrawa. A cikin hanyar rukuni na aiwatar da takardu, ya kamata a karɓi kisa ɗaya bisa sharaɗi azaman babban ɗaya. Irin wannan ƙira dole ne ya kasance yana da ƙima na asali kawai ba tare da lambar serial na ƙirar ba, misali ATsDR.436234.255. Don sauran ƙira, ana ƙara serial number na ƙirar daga 01 zuwa 98 zuwa ainihin ƙira. Misali: ATsDR.436234.255-05
An ba da izinin tsara sigogin tare da ƙari na lambobi masu lamba uku daga 001 zuwa 999.
Tare da babban kewayon samfuran da ke da sifofin ƙira na gama gari, an ba da izinin yin amfani da ƙarin ƙirar ƙira, wanda aka rubuta ta ɗigo kuma dole ne ya kasance cikin nau'i mai lamba biyu ban da 00. Tsarin irin wannan nadi. yana nunawa a hoto na 4.
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| Hoto 4 - Aikace-aikacen lambar kisa da ƙarin lambar kisa |
Zane-zane ta amfani da ƙarin lamba an tsara su a gaban halaye masu canzawa (rufi, sigogi, madaidaicin rarrabuwar su, yanayin aiki na yanayi, ƙarin daidaitawar samfurin tare da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa, da sauransu), waɗanda ke yiwuwa ga duk ƙira.
Ƙarin lambar aikin dole ne ta zama lamba mai lamba biyu ban da 00. Lambar ko kowace lambobi na iya nuna sifa ɗaya ko saitin halaye masu alaƙa.
Sabbin abubuwan da aka haɓaka na waɗannan samfuran waɗanda suka dogara da halaye iri ɗaya an keɓance su ta amfani da ƙarin lambar sigar iri ɗaya. Idan ya cancanta, ana iya sanya irin waɗannan sassa ba tare da amfani da ƙarin lambar ƙira ba.
Idan akwai ƙarin lamba, duk nau'ikan yakamata a keɓance su ta amfani da serial number mai lamba biyu na sigar daga 01 zuwa 98.
An saita na yau da kullun da ƙarin lambobin kisa ba tare da juna ba.
A mataki na haɓaka ƙirar farko, ana ba da shawarar cewa a tsara takaddun ƙira na farko da ƙira bisa ga tsari mai zuwa:
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| Hoto 5 - Zayyana takardun zane-zane |
Haɗin kai tsarin takardun shirin
Ana sanya sunayen shirye-shirye da takaddun shirye-shirye daidai da umarnin .
Zaɓin shirye-shiryen da takaddun dole ne ya ƙunshi ƙungiyoyin haruffa waɗanda aka raba ta ɗigogi (bayan lambar ƙasa da lambar ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa), sarari (bayan lambar bitar daftarin aiki da lambar nau'in takaddar), da saƙo (bayan lambar rajista da takaddar). adadin irin wannan).
Ana kafa tsarin rajista don zayyana shirye-shirye da takaddun shirye-shirye.
Kamar yadda a cikin Farashin ESKD, in Farashin ESPD an ƙulla cewa nadi samfurin shine a lokaci guda ƙaddamar da takaddun shirinsa - ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
Tsarin tsarin tsarin da takaddun shirye-shiryensa - an nuna ƙayyadaddun bayanai a cikin hoto na 6.
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| Hoto 6 - Tsarin tsara tsarin shirin |
An sanya lambar ƙasar bisa ga umarnin , yayin da zaɓin ɓoye (Latin, Cyrillic ko lambar dijital) mai haɓakawa ya yi daidai da ƙa'idodin da kamfani ya karɓa. Ya halatta a yi amfani da lambar harafi mai lamba huɗu ko lambar OKPO azaman lambar ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa.
GOST 19.103 ya bayyana cewa ya kamata a sanya lambar rajista na shirin daidai da All-Union Classifier of Programs, amma ba a taɓa buga shi ba, don haka an ba da izinin sanya irin wannan lambar daga 00001 zuwa 99999 bisa ga tsarin da aka kafa a kamfanin da ya bunkasa shirin.
A wasu lokuta, don samar da lambar rajista na shirin, ana amfani da nau'in nau'in nau'in kayan aiki na Rasha-Russian. .
Dole ne lambar serial ɗin fitowar shirin ta kasance a cikin tsari daga 01 zuwa 99.
Misali na tsara shirin:
- lokacin amfani da lambar haɓakawa mai haruffa huɗu:
- ROF.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- 643.ABVG.62.01.29-01
- Lokacin amfani da lambar OKPO:
- ROF.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01
Ana nuna tsarin nadi na wasu takaddun shirye-shirye a cikin hoto 7:
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| Hoto 7 - Tsarin tsara wasu takardun shirin |
Serial number na bita daftarin aiki dole ne ya kasance yana da tsari daga 01 zuwa 99. An sanya lambar nau'in takaddun daidai da Tebu 4 . Idan ya cancanta, ana sanya takardar lambar takardar wannan nau'in a cikin tsari mai hawa daga 01 zuwa 99, da lambar sashin daftarin aiki a cikin tsari na hawan daga 1 zuwa 9.
Misalai na zayyana daftarin aiki "Manual na Operator" (irin wannan takarda ta biyu don wannan shirin, sashi na 3):
- РОФ.АБВГ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.АБВГ.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- РОФ.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RU.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- RUS.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
- 643.98765432.62.01.29-01 34 02-3
Sigar ƙarshe na tsarin sanyawa da aka yi amfani da shi don shirye-shirye da takaddun shirye-shirye dole ne mai haɓakawa ya ƙaddara a cikin takaddun tsari na ciki.
Saitin ma'auni don tsarin sarrafa kansa
Ya kamata a nemi samuwar lambar decemal na tsarin mai sarrafa kansa a ciki .
Dangane da GOST, kowane daftarin aiki da aka haɓaka dole ne a sanya nadi mai zaman kansa. Daftarin aiki da aka aiwatar akan masu ɗaukar bayanai daban-daban dole ne su kasance suna da suna iri ɗaya. An ƙara harafin "M" zuwa nadi na takardun da aka yi a kan kafofin watsa labaru na kwamfuta.
Bayanan daftarin aiki yana da tsari mai zuwa:
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| Hoto 8 - Tsarin zane na takaddun don tsarin atomatik |
Tsarin nada tsarin mai sarrafa kansa ko sashinsa yana da nau'i:
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| Hoto 9 - Tsarin tsarin nadi na tsarin sarrafa kansa ko wani ɓangare na shi |
GOST yana ba da shawara don zaɓar lambar ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa daidai da All-Union Classifier of Enterprises, Cibiyoyin da Ƙungiyoyi (OKPO) bisa ga ƙa'idodin da aka kafa ta hanyar ƙa'idodin masana'antu da takaddun fasaha. A halin yanzu, ba duk daftarin aiki da ya ƙare ba ne ya kamata a yi amfani da shi, amma duk-Russian classifier - OKPO. Har ila yau, ya halatta a yi amfani da lambar harufa huɗu daga Cibiyar Harkokin Kasuwancin Ƙasa ta Tarayya "STANDARTINFORM" a matsayin lambar ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa.
Ya kamata a zaɓi lambar rarraba tsarin daga , wanda ya maye gurbin dukkan nau'ikan samfuran Tarayyar da aka ambata a cikin GOST 34.201-89, da kuma nau'ikan samfuran samfuran Rasha duka (OKP), wanda aka soke a ranar 01 ga Janairu, 2017.
Yana da muhimmanci a yi la'akari da cewa rarrabuwa lamba code daga OKPD2 za a iya zabar da sunan wani aiki da kai abu, misali: 26.51.43.120 - lantarki bayanai tsarin, aunawa da lissafta hadaddun da shigarwa don auna wutar lantarki da Magnetic yawa (don misali, bayanan da aka sarrafa ta atomatik da tsarin aunawa don ma'aunin wutar lantarki na kasuwanci (AIIS KUE)), 70.22.17 - ayyukan sarrafa tsarin kasuwanci (BP ACS); 26.20.40.140 - kayan aikin tsaro na bayanai, da kuma bayanan bayanai da tsarin sadarwa da aka kare ta amfani da kayan aikin tsaro na bayanai (bayanai na Intanet).
Hakanan, GOST 34.201-89 yana ba da shawarar yin amfani da rarrabuwar ƙungiyar duka na tsarin ƙasa da hadaddun ayyuka na tsarin sarrafa sarrafa kansa (OKPKZ) don sanya ƙayyadaddun halayen. Wannan rarrabuwa ya daina aiki a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, kuma ba a samar da wanda zai maye gurbinsa ba. Don haka, a halin yanzu babu wani madadin zaɓin halayen rarrabuwa na tsarin sarrafa kansa bisa ga OKPD2.
Serial lambar rajista na tsarin (bangaren tsarin) an sanya shi ta hanyar sabis na ƙungiyar masu haɓakawa, wanda ke da alhakin kula da alamar katin da rikodin rikodi. Ana sanya lambobin rajista daga 001 zuwa 999 don kowace lambar sifa ta rarrabuwa.
Lambar daftarin aiki ta ƙunshi haruffa haruffa biyu kuma an raba shi da tsarin tsarin da digo. An shigar da lambar don takaddun da aka ayyana ta wannan ma'auni daidai da shafi na 3 na Table 2. An ƙirƙiri lambar ƙarin takaddun kamar haka: haruffa na farko harafi ne da ke nuna nau'in takaddar bisa ga Table 1, haruffa na biyu lamba ne ko wasiƙar da ke nuna lambar serial na wannan nau'in.
Sauran matsayi an haɗa su a cikin takaddun takaddun idan ya cancanta.
Serial lambobi na takardun suna ɗaya (haruffa 2) ana sanya su farawa daga na biyu kuma an raba su da na baya da digo.
An sanya lambar bita daftarin aiki farawa daga na biyu a cikin tsari mai hawa daga 2 zuwa 9, kuma an raba shi da ƙimar da ta gabata ta ɗigo. Ana sanya lambar bugu ta gaba a cikin lokuta inda aka riƙe bugun baya (ba a soke ba).
An raba lambar ɓangaren daftarin aiki daga nadi na baya ta hanyar saƙa. Idan takardar ta ƙunshi sashi ɗaya, to ba a saka saƙar ba kuma ba a sanya lambar ɓangaren takaddar ba.
Ana shigar da sifa ta daftarin aiki a kan kafofin watsa labarai na kwamfuta idan ya cancanta. An raba harafin "M" daga abin da ya gabata ta hanyar digo.
Don haka, sunan AIIS KUE na iya zama kamar haka:
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012
Misali na nadi daftarin aiki "Usoron Fasaha" (takardu na uku na wannan nau'in, bugu na biyu, sashi na 5, wanda aka yi ta hanyar lantarki):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.I2.03.02.05M
Tsarin tsari na hadadden hanyoyin fasaha (takardar wannan nau'in kawai a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin, bugu ɗaya kawai, a cikin wani sashi, wanda aka buga akan takarda):
- 98765432.26.51.43.120.012.S1
- ABVG.26.51.43.120.012.S1
ƙarshe
An ba da izinin amfani da tsarin ganewa na musamman wanda aka karɓa a cikin ƙungiyar masu tasowa. Amma yana da daraja a tuna cewa ba tare da bayani na musamman ba wannan tsarin ba zai iya fahimtar kowa ba. Tsarin da aka bayyana don sanya sunayen samfura da takaddun daidai da ka'idodi na iya yanke hukunci ta kowane ƙwararrun (mai tsarawa, mai haɓakawa, mai tsara shirye-shirye).
An kuma yi amfani da maɓuɓɓuka masu zuwa lokacin rubuta wannan labarin:
source: www.habr.com