Samun kwarewa da yawa a fagen sarrafa kansa na masana'antu, koyaushe muna cikin neman mafi kyawun zaɓuɓɓuka don magance matsalolinmu. Dangane da ƙayyadaddun fasaha na abokin ciniki, dole ne mu zaɓi ɗaya ko wata kayan masarufi da tushe na software. Kuma idan babu takamaiman buƙatu don shigar da kayan aikin Siemens tare da TIA-portal, to, a matsayin mai mulkin, zaɓi ya faɗi akan MasterSCADA 3.XX. Duk da haka, babu abin da ke dawwama a ƙarƙashin rana ...
Game da gwaninta na canzawa zuwa MasterSCADA 4D, abubuwan da ake buƙata, fasalulluka na aikin sa akan kwamfutocin da aka saka na gine-ginen ARM ƙarƙashin yanke wannan labarin.
Bayan Fage
Mun fara gwada sabon ci gaba daga Insat - MasterSCADA 4D - ba da dadewa ba. Akwai sharuɗɗa da yawa don wannan. Na farko, mun gudanar da bincike masu zaman kansu da yawa a tsakanin masana a fagen sarrafa kansar masana'antu don gano waɗanne tsarin SCADA suka fi shahara (Hoto 1). Dangane da sakamakon binciken, tsarin MasterSCADA yana ɗaukar matsayi na farko tsakanin tsarin gida.
Hoto 1-Sakamakon bincike na mafi mashahuri tsarin SCADA (wanda ake iya danna hoton)
Za a iya la'akari da buƙatu na biyu ...
Yanzu bari mu matsa kai tsaye zuwa MasterSCADA 4D kanta. Ya ƙunshi samfuran software guda biyu, wato: yanayin haɓakawa da yanayin lokacin aiki. Za mu yi magana game da yadda kowane ɗayan waɗannan sassa ke aiki a ƙasa.
Yanayin ci gaba
An ƙirƙiri aikin tsarin a cikin yanayin ci gaba na MasterSCADA 4D; don yin wannan, kuna buƙatar samun sigar kyauta akan gidan yanar gizon Insat kuma shigar da shi ta bin saƙon.
Hoto na 2 - Haɓaka mahalli na haɓaka (wanda za a iya danna hoto)
Abu na farko da ya kama idanunku shine kyakkyawar mu'amala mai kyau na yanayin ci gaba da ingantaccen tsarin tsarin aikin. Yanzu a cikin aikin ɗaya zaka iya ƙirƙirar shirin ba kawai don wurin aiki mai sarrafa kansa ba, har ma ga duka kayan aiki, farawa tare da mai sarrafawa kuma yana ƙarewa tare da uwar garken ko wurin aiki na ma'aikaci.
Yanayin ci gaba yana gudana ne kawai akan Windows OS, wanda ya saba da shi kuma yana iya jurewa, amma yanayin lokacin aiki (RunTime) ya ba mu mamaki da ikonsa na haɗa nau'ikan tsarin aiki da na'urori masu sarrafawa, amma ƙari akan hakan daga baya.
Na kuma gamsu da babban ɗakin karatu na abubuwan gani. Kwararru daga fannoni daban-daban za su iya nemo abubuwan gani da kansu ba tare da neman zane ko neman gumaka a Intanet ba.
Hoto na 3 — Abubuwan gani (wanda ake iya danna hoto)
Ka'idojin sadarwa
Tsarin yana goyan bayan direbobi daban-daban (ka'idojin musayar), waɗanda aka haɗa su cikin MasterSCADA 4D ta tsohuwa:
- Modbus TCP/RTU, RTU akan TCP
- DCON
- OPC UA/DA/HDA
- IEC61850
- SNMP
- PostgreSQL
- MQTT
- IEC104
- MSSQL
- MySQL
- Mercury (laburare dabam), da sauransu.
Yanayin lokacin aiki
Ana iya ƙaddamar da yanayin lokacin aiki akan tsarin aiki daban-daban da na'urorin kwamfuta na sirri; Hakanan zaka iya gudanar da RunTime akan na'ura na gida; an shigar dashi tare da yanayin haɓakawa kuma yana aiki na awa ɗaya (ko alamun 32) ba tare da hani ba.
Na'urar AntexGate
MasterSCADA Runtime an riga an shigar dashi azaman zaɓi na daban akan PC ɗin AntexGate tare da gine-ginen processor ARM da tsarin aiki na Debian; za mu gudanar da gwaje-gwaje akan wannan na'urar.
Hoto 4 - Na'urar AntexGate
Bayanin samfur:
- CPU: 4-core x64 ARM v8 Cortex-A53
- 1.2Mhz RAM: LPDDR2 1024MB
- Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mara ƙarfi: 8/16/32GB eMMC
Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da na'urar .
Bari mu gudanar da shirin a cikin na'urar zartarwa. A matsayin misali, mun ƙirƙiri jefa ƙuri'a da sarrafa na'ura ta amfani da ka'idar Modbus RTU; tsarin kafa zaɓe yana da hankali kuma yana ɗan kama da kafa sabar OPC da aka saba. Gaskiya, yanzu RunTime yana da ginanniyar direbobin yarjejeniya don musayar bayanai.
A matsayin misali, bari mu ƙirƙiri aiki mai sauƙi don sarrafa famfo guda uku da bawuloli biyu don tsarin masana'anta. A cikin yanayin ci gaba yana kama da haka, kamar yadda yake cikin hoto na 5.
Hoto na 5 - Ayyuka a cikin yanayin ci gaba (wanda ake iya danna hoto)
Sakamakon haka, mun sami zane mai sauƙi na mnemonic (Hoto na 6) wanda ke aiki a cikin kowane mai binciken da ke goyan bayan HTML5.
Hoto na 6 - Hoton Mnemonic (GIF animation yana dannawa)
HMI Zaɓuɓɓukan Nuni
Yana yiwuwa a haɗa zuwa yanayin aiwatarwa ta hanyar WEB; wannan zaɓin baya iyakance mu wajen zaɓar abokin ciniki don duba bayanai akan zanen mnemonic.
A cikin yanayinmu, na'urar tana ba da fitarwar bayanai ta hanyar HDMI, Ethernet, 3G.
Lokacin haɗi ta hanyar HDMI, muna samun damar LocalHost 127.0 0.1: 8043 ta hanyar ginanniyar mai bincike a cikin AntexGate, ko haɗi zuwa ƙayyadadden adireshin IP: 8043 akan Intanet ko cibiyar sadarwar gida ta kamfani tare da wani "Client Client".
Hoto 7 - Tsarin sa ido na WEB (wanda ake iya danna hoto)
Labari mai ban sha'awa shine ka'idar MQTT da aka daɗe ana jira, wanda yawanci bai isa ba don saka idanu akan abubuwa masu nisa a cikin tsarin SCADA.
A yau, kowa yana da damar samun uwar garken VDS mai tsada akan Intanet tare da adireshi IP mai kayyade (misali, uwar garken gidan yanar gizon kamfani) da tura MQTT Broker (misali, Sauro) akansa.
Bayan karɓar sabar guda ɗaya tare da dillali na MQTT, za mu iya samun sauƙin kawar da sabis na ma'aikata masu tsada - ƙayyadaddun IP kuma biya 900 rubles a kowace shekara maimakon 4000 rubles don sadarwar 3G.
Hoto 8 - Tsarin kulawa na MQTT (wanda ake iya danna hoto)
Irin wannan ginin cibiyar sadarwa ba kawai zai adana zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ba, har ma zai tabbatar da bayanan, tunda watsa bayanai ta hanyar ka'idar Modbus TCP akan Intanet baya bada garantin tsaro da ingancin sadarwa.
Don haka, zaku iya siyar da ayyukan maimaitawa waɗanda abokin ciniki ya zaɓi mai ba da Intanet da kansa. Kuma babu wanda ke da ciwon kai tare da kafawa da rarraba adiresoshin IP: abokin ciniki yana saka kowane katin SIM da kansa ko ya haɗa zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa tare da uwar garken DHCP.
Ayyukan aiki
Don aikin, babban abu shine sauri, abin da ake kira "Ayyuka" zai taimake mu da wannan. Ta hanyar tsoho, kowane kumburi yana da ɗaya kawai lokacin da aka ƙirƙira shi - Babban ɗawainiya. Mai haɓaka aikin zai iya ƙirƙirar yawancin su kamar yadda ya cancanta don gudanar da wani aiki na musamman. Siffofin lissafin, alal misali, zagayowar lissafin, za su dogara da saitunan wani aiki na musamman. Kowannen su zai yi aiki ba tare da sauran na'urar ba. Ƙirƙirar ayyuka da yawa yana da kyau idan ya zama dole don samar da tsarin lissafin daban-daban don shirye-shiryen ayyuka daban-daban.
Wannan fasalin yana da ban sha'awa musamman ga na'urorin da ke da na'ura mai sarrafawa tare da nau'i mai yawa. Kowane "Aiki" an ƙaddamar da shi azaman tsari daban-daban a cikin tsarin kuma an rarraba nauyin a ko'ina cikin mai sarrafawa. Na'urar AntexGate tana da na'ura mai sarrafa ARM tare da 4 cores a 1.2 GHz da 1 GB na RAM, wanda ke ba ka damar ƙirƙira aƙalla manyan ayyuka 4 da rarraba kaya a cikin kullun. Idan aka kwatanta da PLC, AntexGate na iya samar da aƙalla sau 4 ƙarin ƙarfin lissafi akan farashi ɗaya.
Hoto 9 - Loading AntexGate ikon sarrafa kwamfuta a cikin yanayin lokacin aiki (wanda za'a iya danna hoto)
Kamar yadda muke iya gani daga Hoto na 9, nauyin CPU bai wuce 2,5% ba, kuma 61MB na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya kawai aka ware. Don haka, ƙaramin aikin lokacin aiki yana cinye abubuwan ginanni kaɗan kaɗan.
Ana iya amfani da na'urar ba kawai a matsayin mai sarrafawa ba, har ma a matsayin cikakken uwar garken tare da jefa kuri'a fiye da 2000 I / O maki da kuma ikon tallafawa fiye da 100 WEB abokan ciniki.
Misali, bari mu haɗa abokan ciniki na WEB 9 zuwa na'urar kuma mu ga ci gaban amfani da albarkatu (Hoto 10).
Hoto 10 - Load da ikon sarrafa kwamfuta na AntexGate lokacin haɗa abokan cinikin WEB 9 (wanda za a iya danna hoto)
Kamar yadda kuke gani daga wannan adadi na sama, amfani da CPU ya tashi daga matsakaita na 2,5% zuwa 6%, kuma 3MB kawai aka ware wa ƙarin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
Godiya ga babban wadatar albarkatun kwamfuta na na'urar, mai haɓaka baya buƙatar skimp akan ingancin shirin da aka kirkira a MasterSCADA 4D.
Giciye-dandamali
Ina kuma so in lura da tsarin giciye na tsarin SCADA da ake la'akari da shi, wanda ke ba masu haɗin gwiwa babban zaɓi na dandamali don aiwatar da ayyukan su. Godiya ga wannan tsarin, sauyawa tsakanin tsarin aiki ko tsarin gine-gine na PC yana da sauƙi.
ƙarshe
MasterSCADA 4D sabon samfuri ne na Insat. A yau babu cikakken bayani game da aiki tare da wannan samfurin software kamar yadda muke so. Koyaya, zaku iya saukar da yanayin haɓaka kyauta daga gidan yanar gizon kamfanin; yana da cikakken taimako akan aiki tare da shirin.
Hoto 11 - Tagar taimako (ana danna hoto)
A ƙarshe, Ina so in faɗi cewa wannan labarin ya ƙunshi bayanan gabatarwa game da samfurin software na MasterSCADA 4D kuma baya faɗi da yawa. Koyaya, tare da tallafin ku, za mu fitar da ƙarin cikakkun misalai da darussa akan aiki tare da wannan samfurin software.
Ina so in ga a cikin sharhin tambayoyin da suka fi sha'awar ku. Kuma idan zai yiwu, za mu juya tambayoyin da aka fi yawan yi su zama darasi kan ƙirƙirar ayyuka a MasterSCADA 4D.
source: www.habr.com