Rating Menene shi da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi a cikin gamification? Tambayar tana da sauƙi, har ma da lafazin magana, amma a zahiri irin waɗannan injiniyoyi na zahiri suna da nuances da yawa, gami da waɗanda suka haifar da juyin halittar ɗan adam.
Wannan labarin shine na farko a cikin jerin labarai na game da sassa, injiniyoyi, da misalai masu ban sha'awa na gamification. Don haka, zan ba da taƙaitaccen ma'anoni ga wasu kalmomin gama gari. Menene "gamification (gamification)"? Wikipedia yana ba da ma'anar: "Amfani da hanyoyin halayen wasannin kwamfuta don software na aikace-aikace da gidajen yanar gizo a cikin hanyoyin da ba na wasa ba don jawo hankalin masu amfani da masu amfani, ƙara shigar da su cikin warware matsalolin da ake amfani da su, ta amfani da samfura da ayyuka."
Na fi son wani zaɓi: "gamification - sarrafa halin masu amfani da tsarin ta amfani da makanikan wasan." Bambancin waɗannan ma'anoni shine tsarin na iya zama ko dai gidan yanar gizo ko software, ko wurin shakatawa na jama'a ko hanyar sufuri. Gamification yana aiki ba kawai a fagen IT ba. Bugu da ari, ana amfani da wasu injiniyoyin wasan don haɓaka haɗin gwiwar masu amfani, wasu ana amfani da su don jawo hankalin masu amfani, amma an haɗa wannan zuwa cikin ma'anar "gudanar da ɗabi'a." Don aiwatar da gamification, yana da mahimmanci a san abin da masu amfani a cikin tsarin ke yi (na iya yin idan tsarin ba a yi amfani da shi ba tukuna), da abin da masu amfani ya kamata su yi daga ra'ayi na masu tsarin. Gamification yana da amfani don motsawa daga "yi" zuwa "ya kamata a yi."
Rating shine makanikin wasa mai sauƙi kuma sanannen da ake amfani dashi a cikin gamification. Babu takamaiman ma'anar kalmar "kanikancin wasan"; wani lokacin ana fahimtar shi a matsayin wani abu - daga bajoji da nasarori zuwa sha'awar ɗabi'a. Samar da tsari ga kalmomin da ake amfani da su a cikin gamification batu ne na wani labarin dabam, amma a nan zan taƙaita kaina ga taƙaitaccen bayanin abin da na fahimta ta injiniyoyin wasan. Wannan shine matakin mafi ƙanƙanta (mafi ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun tsarin) na ƙirƙira tsarin gamified, tubalan Lego na al'ada. Ana zaɓar injiniyoyin wasan kuma ana amfani da su lokacin da aka riga an yi tunanin manyan matakan gama gari na tsarin. Saboda haka, ƙididdiga, bajoji, matakan kayan aikin wasan kwaikwayo ne, amma virality ko aikin rukuni ba.
Ƙididdiga alama ce ta lambobi ko na yau da kullun waɗanda ke nuna mahimmanci ko mahimmancin wani abu ko al'amari (ma'anar daga Wikipedia). Makanikan ƙididdigewa an haɗa su da injiniyoyin maki kuma galibi kanikanin matakin mai amfani. Ƙididdiga ba tare da maki ba ba zai yiwu ba - tsarin ba zai fahimci wane tsari don nuna masu amfani a cikin ƙimar ba; ƙima ba tare da matakan ba zai yiwu.
Bari mu yi ƙoƙarin rarraba ƙididdiga ta ma'ana ga masu amfani da tsarin.
- Gasa - yana ƙarfafa masu amfani don yin matsayi mafi girma fiye da sauran masu amfani. Ƙimar da ke faruwa sau da yawa fiye da wasu.
- Ma'anar yanayin rashin nasara - tsarin yana ƙaddamar da hukunci idan ba a sami adadin adadin maki ba. Zaɓuɓɓuka masu kyau masu yiwuwa: canja wuri zuwa ƙungiyar ƙididdiga ta baya, raguwa a matsayi, shan kashi a cikin gasar, rubuta wani adadin kuɗin wasan, kyakkyawan halin kirki (board of kunya). Ana amfani da ƙasa akai-akai fiye da analog na nasara, yana buƙatar tunani mai kyau kafin aiwatarwa da nazarin halayen mai amfani, saboda hukuncin yana da mummunan tasiri akan mai amfani kuma yana iya rage ƙwazo sosai.
- Ƙayyade yanayin nasara - yana ba da haƙƙin samun lada don cimma ƙayyadadden adadin maki. Don wurare na farko a cikin matsayi, don matakan matsakaici. A matsayin lada, ana amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka iri ɗaya kamar na azabtarwa a cikin yanayin hasara, amma tare da alamar "ƙari". Kyauta don matsakaicin matakai a cikin kima abu ne mai ban sha'awa amma ba kasafai ba wanda ke bawa mai amfani damar rasa sha'awar a hankali yayin da suke motsawa daga mataki zuwa mataki. Misali shine ƙimar tsohuwar sigar Shefmarket. Wannan sabis ɗin isar da gida ne don samfuran tare da girke-girke don dafa kai. Kowane abokin ciniki yana da matsayi da aka nuna a cikin asusun su na sirri, ana ba da maki don jita-jita da aka shirya, kuma ana ba da matakan don maki, amma don cimma matsayi na gaba kuna buƙatar shirya yawancin jita-jita, kuma wannan na iya zama mai haɓakawa. Kyaututtuka ga kowane maki X suna taimakawa rage tasirin haɓakawa (yawan maki ya dogara da matakin abokin ciniki na yanzu).
Ƙimar mai amfani da Shefmarket. Lura yadda ake amfani da sauran injiniyoyin wasan a zahiri: bajoji, mashaya ci gaba, lakabi, kunshe a cikin siffa mai kyan gani. - Matsayi - yana ƙara ikon mai amfani tare da babban ƙima a idanun sauran masu amfani. An yi amfani da shi, misali, a cikin ayyukan tambayoyin kan layi (StackOverflow, [email protected]). Tsarin MMR (ƙididdigar daidaitawa) a cikin wasannin MOBA kuma ana iya rarraba su azaman ƙimar matsayi.
- Amintacce - yana haɓaka amincin mai amfani tare da babban ƙima a idanun sauran masu amfani. Ya zama ma'auni don gwanjon kan layi. Karma mai amfani da Habr wani misali ne na ƙimar amana. Ana amfani da ƙimar amana a cikin tsarin dangane da hulɗar masu amfani da juna, musamman idan wannan hulɗar ta layi ne ko kuma ya ƙunshi musayar ayyuka da kayayyaki.
Misalin ƙimar gwanjon kan layi tare da baji da aka bayar yayin kai wani matakin ƙima.
An haɗa ƙima daga lissafin da ke sama ta hanyoyi daban-daban a cikin tsarin. A cikin ka'idar, ƙimar mai amfani mai gasa yana yiwuwa, tare da yanayin nasara na tsaka-tsaki, tare da hukuncin kima na waje da babban matakin matsayi da amana ga jagororin ƙima.
Wani zaɓi don rarraba ƙididdiga: ta wanda ke canza ƙimar mai amfani - kawai tsarin, wasu masu amfani kawai, ko tsarin da masu amfani. Zaɓin lokacin da tsarin kawai ke canza ƙimar mai amfani shine ya fi kowa. Ana amfani da shi sau da yawa a wasannin kan layi. Mai kunnawa yana yin ayyuka daban-daban (yana kashe dodanni, yana kammala tambayoyin), waɗanda tsarin ke ba da maki (ƙididdigar ƙima). Wasu masu amfani ba sa shafar ƙimar mai kunnawa a cikin irin wannan tsarin. Zaɓin lokacin da aka canza ƙimar mai amfani ba ta tsarin ba, amma ta wasu masu amfani da tsarin, yawanci ana amfani da su tare da ƙimar amana. Misalai: karuwa ko rage karma, tabbatacce kuma mara kyau bayan ma'amaloli akan dandamalin ciniki. Zaɓin hade kuma yana yiwuwa, misali a cikin tambayoyin kan layi. Don amsa tambaya, mai amfani yana karɓar maki ta atomatik daga tsarin, kuma idan wasu masu amfani sun gane amsar a matsayin mafi kyau, mai amfani yana karɓar ƙarin maki.
Hanya ta gaba ta dogara ne akan canje-canje masu kyau da mara kyau a cikin ƙimar mai amfani. Na bambanta sharuddan “rating plus”, “rating plus-minus positive”, “rating plus-minus negative” da “rage rating”. Zaɓin farko, “rating plus,” yana nufin haɓaka ƙimar mai amfani ne kawai. Ana amfani da wannan zaɓi, alal misali, ga masu siye akan eBay. Bayan ma'amala, mai siyar yana barin kyakkyawan ra'ayi kawai ga mai siye ko kuma baya barin ta kwata-kwata. Haka ne, gwamnati za ta iya toshe mai saye da zamba, amma ƙimarsa ba zai iya raguwa ba (har sai ya zama mugun mai siyar da kansa).
Kyakkyawan ƙari ko ragi yana nuna duka haɓaka da raguwa a cikin ƙimar mai amfani, yayin da ƙimar ba ta faɗi ƙasa da sifili ba. Irin wannan ƙima ba zai ƙyale mai amfani ya faɗi cikin zurfi ba idan har aka sami nasarar ayyukan da ba su yi nasara ba (da kuma sanin ikon Habr mai fushi). Amma a lokaci guda, sabon mai amfani da mai amfani wanda ƙimarsa koyaushe ke canzawa a kusa da sifili saboda ayyukan "marasa kyau" na tsari za su yi kama da gani iri ɗaya, wanda ke da mummunan tasiri akan dogara ga tsarin gaba ɗaya.
Ƙari ko ragi mara kyau yana nufin cewa ƙimar mai amfani na iya tashi ko faɗuwa zuwa kowace ƙima. A aikace, babu wata ma'ana a cikin babban ƙima mara kyau kuma ana bada shawarar shigar da ƙima mara kyau a cikin tsarin, bayan haka yana da daraja yin amfani da matakan ladabtarwa ga irin wannan mai amfani, har zuwa kuma gami da toshe asusun. A lokaci guda, yana da mahimmanci a yi la'akari da halin da ake ciki na gangan "leaking" na ƙididdiga ta wasu masu amfani, don ware wannan yiwuwar ko yin wahalar aiwatarwa.
Rage ƙima wani makaniki ne da ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba wanda ƙimar farkon mai amfani na iya ko dai baya canzawa ko raguwa. Ba na tuna nan da nan ayyukan da ke amfani da makanikai irin wannan, amma a ka'idar yana yiwuwa. Misali, don ayyuka ko wasannin kawarwa, ko “jarumai na ƙarshe”.
Lokacin amfani da injiniyoyi masu ƙima, kuna buƙatar guje wa yin kuskure mai mahimmanci: gibi a cikin adadin maki tsakanin masu amfani da tsarin (ko tsakanin matakan mai amfani) bai kamata ya zama mai haɓakawa ko kuma ba za a iya samu ba. Wannan bambanci yana haɓaka musamman ga sababbin masu amfani waɗanda suka ga cewa suna da maki sifili, yayin da jagoran ƙimar yana da miliyoyin. Me yasa wannan ya faru, me yasa sabon mai amfani a cikin irin wannan yanayin zai yi tunanin cewa ba zai yiwu a cim ma jagoran ba? Na farko, sabbin masu amfani da tsarin ba su riga sun ɓata isasshen lokaci ba don fahimtar yanayin ƙima. Maki biyu zuwa uku a matsayin jagora a cikin ƙimar ƙila ba za a iya samu ba idan tsarin ya ba da dubunnan maki ga kowane aikin mai amfani. Matsalar ita ce sabon mai amfani da aka lalata zai daina amfani da tsarin kafin ya gane shi. Na biyu, matsalar tana cikin hasashe na logarithmic na jerin adadin.
Mun saba da zama a cikin tsarin layi na lambobi. Ƙididdiga na gidaje, matakan tef da masu mulki, jadawalai da agogo - ko'ina lambobin suna kan layi tare da layin lamba a daidai lokacin. A bayyane yake a gare mu cewa bambanci tsakanin 1 da 5 da tsakanin 5 da 10 iri ɗaya ne. Bambanci iri ɗaya ne tsakanin 1 da 500. A haƙiƙa, tsarin lambobi na layi ɗaya ya samo asali ne daga al'adunmu, ba ƙarfin yanayi ba. Kakanninmu na nesa, waɗanda suka rayu dubun dubbai da suka wuce, ba su da na'urorin lissafi na zamani, kuma suna fahimtar lambobi ta hanyar logarithm. Wato an sanya su a kan layin lamba kusa da kusa yayin da suke karuwa. Sun fahimci lambobi ba bisa ainihin ƙima ba, amma dangane da ƙididdiga masu ƙima. Wannan ya zama dole don salon rayuwarsu. Lokacin ganawa da abokan gaba, ya zama dole don sauri, kimanin, tantance wanda ya fi yawa - namu ko wasu. Hakanan an yi zaɓin itacen da za a tattara 'ya'yan itace bisa ga ƙima. Kakanninmu ba su ƙididdige ainihin ƙididdiga ba. Hakanan ma'auni na logarithmic yana yin la'akari da dokokin hangen nesa da fahimtarmu game da nisa. Misali, idan muka kalli bishiyar da take da nisa da tazarar mita dari da kuma wata bishiyar a bayan ta ta farko mita dari na biyun sun fi guntu.
Dan wasan da ke wasa da farare a wannan hoton baya buƙatar sanin ainihin adadin baƙar fata don fahimtar cewa yana yin mummuna.
Kuna iya karanta ƙarin game da fahimtar logarithmic na lambobi, game da binciken da aka gudanar don tabbatar da wannan ka'idar, da kuma game da wasu abubuwa masu ban sha'awa daga duniyar ilimin lissafi a cikin shahararren littafin kimiyya na Alex Bellos "Alex a cikin Ƙasar Lissafi. Tafiya mai ban mamaki zuwa duniyar sihiri ta lissafi."
Hankalin logarithmic na lambobi akan matakin fahimta mun gaji. Boye a ƙarƙashin al'ada Layer, yana bayyana kansa, alal misali, a cikin ma'anar lokaci (a cikin yara, shekarun da suka wuce a hankali, amma yanzu sun tashi kawai). Har yanzu, duk da iliminmu, yawancin lambobi suna ruɗar da mu kuma mu canza tunaninsu na logarithmic. Mun fahimci bambancin da ke tsakanin lita ɗaya da lita biyu na giya, amma biliyan goma da lita biliyan ɗari na giyar suna kama da mu kusan lambobi ɗaya ne waɗanda suka dace da manufar “giya mai yawa.” Sabili da haka, matsalar jin rashin samuwa a cikin matsayi ya taso idan rata tsakanin matsayi na yanzu da jagora shine "mafi yawa, da yawa". Kwakwalwar mai amfani ba za ta nazarci halin da ake ciki ba, ba za ta yi nazarin yanayin tattara maki ba, ko ƙididdige lokacin da za a kai saman kima. Zai yanke hukunci kawai - "wannan yana da yawa, bai cancanci ɓata kuzari ba."
Don kauce wa yanayi da aka bayyana a sama, kana bukatar ka yi amfani da iyo kuzarin kawo cikas na accrual na rating maki, a cikin abin da mai amfani ya sami ƙarfafawa da kuma tattara rating maki a farkon sa ran sake zagayowar rayuwa ta yin amfani da tsarin da sauri fiye da a tsakiya da kuma karshen. Misali shine World of Warcraft da makamantan MMORPGs tare da tsarin daidaita halayen "Turai" (ba "Korean") ba. Tsarin daidaitawa na Turai na al'ada ya ƙunshi da sauri kammala matakan farko na wasan, sannan a hankali sannu a hankali. Tsarin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin wasannin Koriya (da sauran Asiya) ya ƙunshi raguwa mai ban mamaki a cikin ƙimar da aka samu matakin ƙarshe na hali.
Misali, a cikin layi na 2, don isa matakin 74 kuna buƙatar samun ƙwarewar 500, don matakin 000 - 75, don matakin 560 - 000, don matakin 76 ya riga ya wuce - 623, kuma matsawa daga matakin 000 zuwa matsakaicin matakin 77. za ku buƙaci samun ƙwarewar 1 miliyan, yayin da saurin samun kwarewa ya kasance kusan ba canzawa (duk teburin kwarewa da matakan da ke cikin Lineage 175 yana samuwa a ). Irin wannan jinkirin da alama ba lallai ba ne a cikin gamification, saboda yana haɓaka masu amfani da yawa.
Wani abin da ya kamata a tuna shi ne cewa yana da sauƙi ga mai amfani ya bar wasa ko tsarin gamified a farkon, kuma mafi wahala idan ya dauki lokaci mai yawa a cikin tsarin, bayan haka mai amfani zai ji tausayin barin maki da aka tara. , matakan, da abubuwa. Don haka, ba sabbin masu amfani da kari na wucin gadi zuwa makinsu, misali, + 50% na wata guda. Kyautar za ta zama ƙarin abin ƙarfafawa don amfani da tsarin; yayin lokacin kari, mai amfani zai yaba saurin samun maki, samun nutsuwa da shi kuma zai kasance mafi kusantar ci gaba da amfani da tsarin.
Misalin kuskuren gibin ƙima mai haɓakawa shine app ɗin Gett Taxi. Kafin sabon sabuntawa, shirin aminci yana da matakan ashirin, matsakaicin da ake buƙata maki 6000 (a matsakaicin maki 20-30 an ba su don tafiya ɗaya). Dukkan matakai ashirin an rarraba su daidai gwargwado akan sikeli daga 0 zuwa 6000, daidai da tsarin matakin Turai a cikin wasannin kan layi. Bayan sabuntawa, an ƙara ƙarin matakan uku zuwa aikace-aikacen, a 10, 000 da 20, bi da bi, wanda ya fi kusa da tsarin Koriya (idan aka ba da adadin maki da aka karɓa kowace tafiya ba ta canza ba). Ba ni da samfurin wakilci na abin da masu amfani da app ke tunani game da wannan sabuntawa, amma goma sha takwas abokaina da abokan aiki waɗanda ke amfani da Gett Taxi sun lura da tasirin haɓaka sabbin matakan ƙima. Babu ɗayansu da ya sami sabon matakin guda ɗaya a cikin lokacin da ya wuce tun sabuntawa (fiye da shekara guda).
Tazarar da ke tsakanin sabbin matakan uku da na baya a cikin shirin biyayyar Taxi na Gett Taxi babba ne mara ma'ana da haɓakawa.
Don kauce wa raguwa mai raguwa a cikin ƙididdiga, ya zama dole, ban da ƙimar duniya, don ƙara ƙimar gida a cikin tsarin, wanda rata tsakanin matsayi ba zai yi girma ba.
Hanyoyi masu yiwuwa don raba ƙimar duniya zuwa na gida:
- Tsakanin abokai. Yana nuna ƙima wanda ya ƙunshi abokan mai amfani kawai. Mutane suna son yin gasa ba tare da abokin adawar da ba a san su ba, wanda kawai aka sani sunan laƙabi (irin wannan abokin gaba ba shi da bambanci da bot), amma tare da abokai da abokai.
- By lokaci. Ƙimar da aka tara akan takamaiman adadin lokaci (rana, sati, wata, shekara). Yayi kyau don sifili da ƙimar sake kunnawa. Ban sami nasarar cin nasara a wannan makon ba - Zan gwada mako mai zuwa, kuma rata tsakanin masu amfani da juna ana sake saita su akai-akai zuwa sifili kuma baya girma zuwa ƙimar sararin samaniya.
- Ta hanyar geotargeting. Ƙimar da ke nuna masu amfani kawai daga wani yanki (gundumar, birni, ƙasa, nahiya). A cikin irin wannan yanayi ne Gaius Julius Kaisar ya ce, yana wucewa ta wani ƙauyen ƙauyen ƙauye: “Gwamma a zama na farko a nan da na biyu a Roma.”
- Ta jinsi. Sa'an nan kwatanta sakamakon maza da mata, wasa a kan hype feminism da kuma son zuciya motives (amfani da hankali, za a iya samun rafi na ƙiyayya da najasa a bangarorin biyu).
- Ta rukunin shekaru. Misali, a cikin gamification na tsarin wasanni na kusa da tsarin da ke buƙatar ƙwarewar da ke canzawa a cikin mutum mai shekaru. Misali, ayyukan da ke motsa mutane su yi wasanni, suna ba ku damar loda sakamakonku kuma ku ga sakamakon sauran masu amfani. A bayyane yake cewa zai fi wahala mutum mai shekara 65 ya yi takara kamar mai shekara ashirin, kuma zai fi sha’awa ya yi gogayya da takwarorinsa. Misali a daya bangaren shine dara na kan layi da sauran hadaddun wasanni na hankali, wanda gogaggen babban malami ba zai iya samuwa ga matashi mai shekaru sha hudu ba.
- Dangane da wasu bayanai game da masu amfani da ke cikin tsarin (ƙididdigewa kawai ga direbobi na Mercedes, kawai ga masu aikin famfo, kawai ga sashen shari'a, kawai ga matakin 120 elves).
Haɗa hanyoyin da ke sama tare da juna kamar yadda kuke so, jin daɗin yin gwaji tare da su.
Yayin aiki na tsarin gamified, saka idanu yadda ƙimar ƙimar ta dace da manufofin da aka ƙayyade yayin ƙira. Misali, idan makasudin kima shine don ƙara amincewar sauran masu amfani a cikin masu amfani da ƙima sosai, kula da ganowa da iyakance yiwuwar adalci da rashin gaskiya don haɓaka martaba cikin sauri. Tushen ƙimar amana shine wahalar samunta da yuwuwar rasa ta cikin sauri. Idan akwai madauki a cikin tsarin don haɓaka cikin saurin ƙima ba tare da dalili ba, amincewar mai amfani da shi zai ragu sosai. Misali, idan a cikin gwanjon kan layi yana yiwuwa a haɓaka ƙimar mai siyarwa don kowace ma'amala da kowane mai amfani, to masu amfani biyu za su iya kiyaye ƙimar su a babban matakin kawai ta hanyar siyan kayan penny (madaidaicin dijital) daga juna. A lokaci guda, yiwuwar sake dubawa mara kyau game da rashin ingancin sabis ko zamba za a toshe shi tare da ɗimbin sake dubawa na jabu, yana haifar da haɗarin babbar asarar amana ga tsarin.
Don tattara abubuwa, ga ƙarin shawarwari guda uku don amfani da matsayi da matakai:
- Kar a nuna wa mai amfani adadin maki da ake buƙata a matakai na gaba. Wannan abin kunya ne ga sabbin 'yan wasan da har yanzu ba su saba da tsarin saurin zura kwallo a raga da iya cin kwallo ba. Lokacin da mai amfani ya ga cewa matakin farko ya sami maki 10, na biyu don 20, da na ashirin don dubu ɗari, wannan yana haɓakawa. Dubu ɗari kamar lambar da ba za a iya samu ba.
- Nuna adadin maki da ake buƙata don isa mataki na gaba da la'akari da maki. Mai amfani ya ci maki 10, ya koma mataki na biyu, kuma yana da maki 20 kafin ya kai mataki na uku. Kada ku nuna ci gaban mai amfani kamar 0 cikin 20, yana da kyau a nuna shi a matsayin 10 cikin 30. Ƙirƙiri tunanin aikin da ba a gama ba, kwakwalwarmu ba ta son ayyukan da ba a gama ba kuma tana ƙoƙarin kammala su. sanduna ci gaba suna aiki, wannan ka'ida ta dace a yanayinmu. Tunanin Logarithmic shima yana shiga cikin wasa anan. Lokacin da muka ga cewa mun kai 450 daga cikin 500 gwaninta maki, muna jin cewa wannan aikin ya kusan kammala.
- Tunatar da mai amfani da nasarori a cikin ƙididdiga na tsarin daban-daban (bayan haka, mai amfani da kansa bazai gane cewa wannan makon yana cikin manyan uku a cikin maza a yankinsa ba).
A cikin wannan labarin, ba na yin riya don samar da cikakken bincike na yiwuwar zaɓuɓɓuka don amfani da injiniyoyin ƙima, don haka mai yiwuwa ban ambaci wasu lokuta ba kuma ban yi amfani da lokuta ba. Idan kuna da gogewa masu ban sha'awa ta yin amfani da ƙima a cikin wasanni da tsarin gamified, da fatan za a raba su tare da ni da sauran masu karatu.
source: www.habr.com