"Idan ka karanta rubutun "bauna" a kan kejin giwa, kada ku yarda da idanunku." Kozma Prutkov
A baya an nuna dalilin da ya sa ake buƙatar samfurin abu, kuma an tabbatar da cewa idan ba tare da wannan samfurin abu ba kawai za a iya magana akan ƙirar ƙira a matsayin blizzard na tallace-tallace, marar ma'ana da tausayi. Amma idan samfurin wani abu ya bayyana, ƙwararrun injiniyoyi koyaushe suna da tambaya mai ma'ana: menene shaida a can cewa ƙirar lissafi na abu ya dace da ainihin abu.
Amsar misali ɗaya na wannan tambayar an ba da ita a ciki A cikin wannan labarin za mu dubi misali na ƙirƙirar samfurin don tsarin kwandishan jirgin sama, diluting aikin tare da wasu la'akari da ka'idoji na yanayi na gaba ɗaya.
Ƙirƙirar abin dogara samfurin abu. Ka'idar
Don kada ku jinkirta, zan gaya muku nan da nan game da algorithm don ƙirƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira. Yana ɗaukar matakai masu sauƙi guda uku:
Mataki 1. Ƙirƙirar tsarin ma'auni na algebra-bambance-bambancen da ke bayyana ƙarfin hali na tsarin ƙira. Yana da sauƙi idan kun san ilimin lissafi na tsari. Masana kimiyya da yawa sun riga sun haɓaka mana ainihin ka'idodin jiki mai suna Newton, Brenoul, Navier Stokes da sauran Stangels, Compass da Rabinovich.
Mataki 2. Zaɓi a cikin tsarin da aka samu saitin ƙididdiga masu ƙima da halaye na abin ƙira waɗanda za a iya samu daga gwaje-gwaje.
Mataki 3. Gwada abu kuma daidaita samfurin bisa ga sakamakon cikakken gwaje-gwajen gwaje-gwaje, don haka ya dace da gaskiya, tare da matakin da ake bukata na daki-daki.
Kamar yadda kake gani, abu ne mai sauƙi, kawai biyu uku.
Misalin aiwatarwa a aikace
Ana haɗa tsarin kwandishan (ACS) a cikin jirgin sama zuwa tsarin kula da matsa lamba ta atomatik. Matsalolin da ke cikin jirgin dole ne ya kasance mafi girma fiye da matsa lamba na waje, kuma yawan canjin matsa lamba dole ne ya kasance kamar yadda matukan jirgi da fasinjoji ba su zubar da jini daga hanci da kunnuwa ba. Sabili da haka, tsarin shigar da iska da tsarin sarrafawa yana da mahimmanci don aminci, kuma ana sanya tsarin gwaji mai tsada a ƙasa don haɓakarsa. Suna haifar da yanayin zafi da matsin lamba a tsayin jirgin, kuma suna haifar da tashin hankali da yanayin sauka a filayen saukar jiragen sama daban-daban. Kuma batun haɓakawa da kuma lalata tsarin kula da SCVs yana tashi zuwa cikakkiyar damarsa. Har yaushe za mu gudanar da benci na gwaji don samun ingantaccen tsarin sarrafawa? Babu shakka, idan muka kafa samfurin sarrafawa a kan samfurin abu, to za a iya rage yawan sake zagayowar aikin a kan benci na gwaji.
Tsarin kwandishan jirgin sama ya ƙunshi na'urorin musayar zafi iri ɗaya kamar kowane tsarin zafi. Batirin baturi ne a Afirka kuma, na'urar sanyaya iska kawai. Amma saboda ƙuntatawa akan nauyin ɗaukar nauyi da girman jirgin sama, ana yin masu musayar zafi a matsayin ƙaƙƙarfan kuma mai dacewa sosai don canja wurin zafi mai yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu daga ƙaramin taro. A sakamakon haka, lissafin lissafi ya zama abin ban mamaki. Kamar yadda a cikin lamarin da ake la'akari. Hoto na 1 yana nuna ma'aunin zafi na farantin da ake amfani da membrane tsakanin faranti don inganta canjin zafi. Hot da sanyi coolant a madadin a cikin tashoshi, da kuma kwarara shugabanci ne m. Ana ba da mai sanyaya ɗaya zuwa yanke gaba, ɗayan - a gefe.
Don magance matsalar sarrafa SCR, muna buƙatar sanin yawan zafin da ake canjawa wuri daga wannan matsakaici zuwa wancan a cikin irin wannan mai musayar zafi a kowane lokaci naúrar. Yawan canjin yanayin zafi, wanda muke tsarawa, ya dogara da wannan.
Hoto 1. Hoton na'urar musayar zafi ta jirgin sama.
Matsalolin yin samfuri. Na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa part
A kallo na farko, aikin yana da sauƙi; wajibi ne a ƙididdige yawan magudanar ruwa ta hanyar tashoshi masu zafi da zafi tsakanin tashoshi.
Ana ƙididdige yawan yawan kwararar mai sanyaya a cikin tashoshi ta amfani da dabarar Bernouli:
inda:
ΔP - bambancin matsa lamba tsakanin maki biyu;
ξ - coefficient na sanyaya gogayya;
L - tsawon tashar;
d - diamita na hydraulic na tashar;
ρ - yawan sanyi;
ω - saurin sanyi a cikin tashar.
Don tashar tashoshi na sabani, ana lissafta diamita na hydraulic ta dabara:
inda:
F - yankin kwarara;
P – jikakken kewayen tashar.
Ana ƙididdige ƙimar juzu'i ta amfani da ƙididdiga masu ƙarfi kuma ya dogara da saurin kwarara da kaddarorin mai sanyaya. Don geometries daban-daban, ana samun dogaro daban-daban, alal misali, dabarar kwararar tashin hankali a cikin bututu masu santsi:
inda:
Re- Reynolds lambar.
Don kwarara a cikin tashoshi masu lebur, ana iya amfani da dabara mai zuwa:
Daga tsarin Bernoulli, zaku iya ƙididdige raguwar matsa lamba don gudun da aka bayar, ko akasin haka, ƙididdige saurin coolant a cikin tashar, dangane da raguwar matsa lamba.
Musanya zafi
Ana ƙididdige kwararar zafi tsakanin mai sanyaya da bango ta amfani da dabara:
inda:
α [W / (m2 × deg)] - canjin canjin zafi;
F - yankin kwarara.
Don matsalolin kwararar mai sanyaya a cikin bututu, an gudanar da isasshen adadin bincike kuma akwai hanyoyin ƙididdiga da yawa, kuma a matsayin mai mulkin, komai ya sauko zuwa dogaro mai ƙarfi don ƙimar canjin zafi α [W / (m2 × deg)]
inda:
Nu - Nusselt lambar,
λ - coefficient na thermal conductivity na ruwa [W / (m × deg)] d - na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa (daidai) diamita.
Don ƙididdige lambar Nusselt (ma'auni), ana amfani da abubuwan dogaro da ma'auni, misali, dabarar ƙididdige lambar Nusselt na bututu mai zagaye kamar haka:
Anan mun riga mun ga lambar Reynolds, lambar Prandtl a zafin bango da zafin jiki, da rashin daidaituwa. ()
Ga masu canjin zafi na farantin karfe tsarin yana kama da ( ):
inda:
n = 0.73 m = 0.43 don kwararar ruwa,
coefficient a - ya bambanta daga 0,065 zuwa 0.6 dangane da adadin faranti da tsarin gudana.
Bari mu yi la'akari da cewa ana ƙididdige wannan ƙididdiga don maki ɗaya kawai a cikin kwararar. Don batu na gaba muna da nau'in zafin jiki daban-daban na ruwa (ya yi zafi ko sanyaya), yanayin zafi daban na bango kuma, bisa ga haka, duk lambobin Reynolds da lambobin Prandtl suna iyo.
A wannan lokaci, duk wani masanin lissafi zai ce ba zai yiwu a iya lissafin tsarin daidai ba wanda adadin ya canza sau 10, kuma zai kasance daidai.
Duk wani injiniya mai amfani zai ce kowane mai musayar zafi an ƙera shi daban kuma ba zai yiwu a ƙididdige tsarin ba, kuma zai kasance daidai.
Me game da Zane-zane na Tushen? Shin da gaske ne komai ya ɓace?
Manyan masu siyar da software na Yammacin Turai a wannan wurin za su sayar muku da manyan kwamfutoci da tsarin lissafin 3D, kamar “ba za ku iya yi ba tare da shi ba.” Kuma kuna buƙatar gudanar da lissafin don kwana ɗaya don samun rarraba zafin jiki a cikin minti 1.
A bayyane yake cewa wannan ba shine zaɓinmu ba; muna buƙatar gyara tsarin sarrafawa, idan ba a cikin ainihin lokaci ba, to aƙalla a cikin lokacin da za a iya gani.
Magani a bazuwar
Ana kera na'urar musayar zafi, ana gudanar da gwaje-gwaje iri-iri, kuma ana saita tebur na ingantattun yanayin zafin jiki a daidai lokacin da aka ba da ƙimar mai sanyaya. Mai sauƙi, sauri kuma abin dogara saboda bayanan sun fito ne daga gwaji.
Rashin lahani na wannan hanya shine cewa babu wasu halaye masu ƙarfi na abu. Ee, mun san abin da tsayayyen yanayin zafi zai kasance, amma ba mu san tsawon lokacin da za a ɗauka don kafawa ba lokacin canzawa daga yanayin aiki zuwa wani.
Sabili da haka, bayan ƙididdige halayen da suka dace, muna saita tsarin sarrafawa kai tsaye yayin gwaji, wanda da farko za mu so mu guje wa.
Hanyar-Tsarin Samfura
Don ƙirƙirar samfurin na'urar musayar zafi mai ƙarfi, wajibi ne a yi amfani da bayanan gwaji don kawar da rashin tabbas a cikin ƙididdiga masu ƙididdiga - lambar Nusselt da juriya na hydraulic.
Maganin yana da sauƙi, kamar duk abin da ke da hankali. Muna ɗaukar dabara mai ma'ana, gudanar da gwaje-gwaje kuma mu tantance ƙimar ƙima a, ta haka za mu kawar da rashin tabbas a cikin dabarar.
Da zaran muna da ƙayyadaddun ƙimar ƙimar canjin zafi, duk sauran sigogi ana ƙaddara ta ainihin ƙa'idodin zahiri na kiyayewa. Bambancin zafin jiki da ƙimar canja wurin zafi suna ƙayyade adadin kuzarin da aka tura cikin tashar kowane lokaci naúrar.
Sanin kwararar makamashi, yana yiwuwa a warware ma'auni na kiyaye yawan adadin kuzari da kuzari ga mai sanyaya a cikin tashar hydraulic. Misali wannan:
Ga al'amarinmu, zafin da ke gudana tsakanin bango da sanyaya - Qwall - ya kasance marar tabbas. Kuna iya ganin ƙarin cikakkun bayanai
Da kuma ma'auni na yanayin zafi don bangon tashar:
inda:
ΔQwall - bambanci tsakanin mai shigowa da fitarwa zuwa bangon tashar;
M shine yawan bangon tashar;
Cpc - ƙarfin zafi na kayan bango.
Samfurin daidaito
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, a cikin mai musayar zafi muna da rarraba zafin jiki a saman farantin. Don ƙima mai mahimmanci, za ku iya ɗaukar matsakaici a kan faranti kuma ku yi amfani da shi, yin la'akari da duk abin da ke canza zafi a matsayin wuri mai mahimmanci wanda, a daya bambancin zafin jiki, zafi yana canjawa ta cikin dukan farfajiyar mai zafi. Amma ga gwamnatocin wucin gadi irin wannan ƙima ba zai yi aiki ba. Wani matsananci shine samun maki dubu ɗari da yawa kuma a loda Super Computer, wanda kuma bai dace da mu ba, tunda aikin shine saita tsarin sarrafawa a ainihin lokacin, ko mafi kyau duk da haka, cikin sauri.
Tambayar ta taso, kashi nawa ne ya kamata a raba na'urar musayar zafi don samun daidaito da saurin lissafi?
Kamar ko da yaushe, kwatsam na faru da samun samfurin na'urar musayar zafi a hannuna. Mai musayar zafi bututu ne, matsakaicin dumama yana gudana a cikin bututu, kuma matsakaici mai zafi yana gudana tsakanin jakunkuna. Don sauƙaƙe matsalar, ana iya wakilta dukkan bututun musayar zafi a matsayin bututu ɗaya daidai, kuma bututun kansa ana iya wakilta shi azaman saitin sel masu ƙima, a cikin kowannensu ana ƙididdige samfurin ma'ana na canjin zafi. An nuna hoton samfurin kwayar halitta guda ɗaya a cikin Hoto 2. An haɗa tashar iska mai zafi da tashar iska mai sanyi ta bango, wanda ke tabbatar da canja wurin zafi tsakanin tashoshi.
Hoto 2. Tsarin tantanin halitta mai zafi.
Samfurin musayar zafi na tubular yana da sauƙin saitawa. Kuna iya canza siga ɗaya kawai - adadin sassan tare da tsawon bututu kuma duba sakamakon lissafin don ɓangarori daban-daban. Bari mu lissafta zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa, farawa tare da rarraba zuwa maki 5 tare da tsayi (Fig. 3) kuma har zuwa maki 100 tare da tsayi (Fig. 4).
Hoto 3. Rarraba yawan zafin jiki na tsaye na maki 5 masu ƙididdigewa.
Hoto 4. Rarraba yawan zafin jiki na tsaye na maki 100 masu ƙididdigewa.
A sakamakon kididdigar da aka yi, shi ya nuna cewa a tsaye-jihar zazzabi lokacin da aka raba zuwa maki 100 ne 67,7 digiri. Kuma idan aka raba zuwa maki 5 da aka lissafa, zafin jiki shine 72 digiri C.
Hakanan a ƙasan taga ana nuna saurin lissafin dangane da ainihin lokacin.
Bari mu ga yadda yanayin zafin jiki da saurin lissafin ke canzawa dangane da adadin wuraren lissafin. Bambance-bambancen yanayin zafi a lokacin ƙididdiga tare da lambobi daban-daban na ƙididdiga za a iya amfani da su don tantance daidaiton sakamakon da aka samu.
Tebur 1. Dogaro da yawan zafin jiki da saurin ƙididdiga akan adadin ma'aunin ƙididdiga tare da tsawon ma'aunin zafi.
| Yawan maki lissafin | Tsayayyen zafin jiki | Gudun lissafi |
| 5 | 72,66 | 426 |
| 10 | 70.19 | 194 |
| 25 | 68.56 | 124 |
| 50 | 67.99 | 66 |
| 100 | 67.8 | 32 |
Yin nazarin wannan tebur, za mu iya zana ƙarshe kamar haka:
- Matsakaicin saurin ƙididdiga yana raguwa daidai da adadin ƙididdiga a cikin tsarin musayar zafi.
- Canjin daidaiton lissafin yana faruwa da yawa. Yayin da adadin maki ya karu, gyare-gyare a kowane karuwa na gaba yana raguwa.
A cikin yanayin farantin zafin rana tare da mai sanyaya mai gudana, kamar yadda yake a cikin Hoto 1, ƙirƙirar samfurin daidai daga sel na lissafin farko ya ɗan fi rikitarwa. Muna buƙatar haɗa sel ta hanyar da za a tsara magudanar ruwa. Don sel guda 4, da'irar za ta kasance kamar yadda aka nuna a hoto na 5.
Ana rarraba kwararar mai sanyaya tare da rassan zafi da sanyi zuwa tashoshi biyu, tashoshi suna haɗa ta hanyar tsarin thermal, ta yadda lokacin wucewa ta tashar coolant yana musayar zafi tare da tashoshi daban-daban. Simulating giciye kwarara, zafi coolant yana gudana daga hagu zuwa dama (duba siffa 5) a cikin kowane tashoshi, bi da bi yana musayar zafi tare da tashoshi na sanyi sanyi, wanda ke gudana daga kasa zuwa sama (duba siffa 5). Mafi zafi shine a kusurwar hagu na sama, yayin da mai sanyaya zafi yana musayar zafi tare da riga mai zafi na tashar sanyi. Kuma mafi sanyi shine a ƙasan dama, inda sanyin sanyi ke musanya zafi da na'urar sanyaya mai zafi, wanda tuni ya huce a sashin farko.
Hoto 5. Tsarin giciye na sel na lissafin 4.
Wannan samfurin na farantin zafi ba ya la'akari da canja wurin zafi tsakanin sel saboda yanayin zafi kuma baya la'akari da haɗuwa da coolant, tun da kowane tashar ta keɓe.
Amma a cikin yanayinmu, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ba ya rage daidaito, tun da yake a cikin ƙirar ƙirar zafi mai ɗorewa mai ƙwanƙwasa ya raba magudanar ruwa zuwa yawancin tashoshi masu keɓe tare da mai sanyaya (duba siffa 1). Bari mu ga abin da ke faruwa da daidaiton lissafin lokacin yin ƙirar faranti mai zafi yayin da adadin ƙwayoyin lissafin ke ƙaruwa.
Don nazarin daidaito, muna amfani da zaɓuɓɓuka biyu don rarraba mai musayar zafi zuwa sel ƙira:
- Kowane tantanin murabba'i ya ƙunshi na'ura mai aiki da karfin ruwa guda biyu (sanyi da zafi mai gudana) da kuma sinadarin thermal guda ɗaya. (duba Hoto na 5)
- Kowane tantanin murabba'i ya ƙunshi abubuwa guda shida na hydraulic (sashe uku a cikin ruwan zafi da sanyi) da abubuwa masu zafi guda uku.
A cikin yanayin ƙarshe, muna amfani da nau'ikan haɗin gwiwa guda biyu:
- m kwararar sanyi da zafi gudana;
- daidai gwargwado na sanyi da zafi mai gudana.
A counter kwarara yana ƙaruwa yadda ya dace idan aka kwatanta da giciye kwarara, yayin da counter kwarara rage shi. Tare da adadi mai yawa na sel, matsakaita akan kwarara yana faruwa kuma komai ya zama kusa da ainihin giciye (duba Hoto 6).
Hoto 6. Tantanin halitta hudu, nau'in nau'in nau'in giciye na 3.
Hoto na 7 yana nuna sakamakon tsayayyen yanayin zafin jiki a cikin mai musayar zafi lokacin samar da iska tare da zafin jiki na 150 ° C tare da layin zafi, da 21 ° C tare da layin sanyi, don zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban don rarraba samfurin. Launi da lambobi akan tantanin halitta suna nuna matsakaicin zafin bango a cikin tantanin halitta.
Hoto 7. Tsayayyen yanayin zafi don tsarin ƙira daban-daban.
Tebura 2 yana nuna tsayayyen yanayin zafin iska mai zafi bayan mai zafi, dangane da rabon samfurin musayar zafi cikin sel.
Tebur 2. Dogaro da zafin jiki akan adadin ƙirar ƙira a cikin mai musayar zafi.
| Girman samfurin | Tsayayyen zafin jiki 1 kashi kowane tantanin halitta |
Tsayayyen zafin jiki Abubuwa 3 akan kowane tantanin halitta |
| 2h2 | 62,7 | 67.7 |
| 3 × 3 | 64.9 | 68.5 |
| 4h4 | 66.2 | 68.9 |
| 8h8 | 68.1 | 69.5 |
| 10 × 10 | 68.5 | 69.7 |
| 20 × 20 | 69.4 | 69.9 |
| 40 × 40 | 69.8 | 70.1 |
Yayin da adadin ƙwayoyin ƙididdiga a cikin samfurin ya ƙaru, yanayin zafin jiki na ƙarshe yana ƙaruwa. Bambanci tsakanin tsayayyen yanayin zafin jiki don ɓangarori daban-daban ana iya ɗaukarsa azaman mai nuna daidaiton lissafin. Ana iya ganin cewa tare da karuwa a cikin adadin ƙwayoyin lissafi, yawan zafin jiki yana kula da iyaka, kuma haɓakar daidaito ba daidai ba ne da adadin ƙididdiga.
Tambayar ta taso: wane irin daidaiton samfurin muke bukata?
Amsar wannan tambayar ya dogara da manufar samfurin mu. Tun da wannan labarin yana game da ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, muna ƙirƙirar ƙirar don saita tsarin sarrafawa. Wannan yana nufin cewa daidaiton ƙirar dole ne ya kasance daidai da daidaiton na'urori masu auna firikwensin da aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin.
A cikin yanayinmu, ana auna zafin jiki ta hanyar thermocouple, wanda daidaitonsa shine ± 2.5 ° C. Duk wani daidaito mafi girma don manufar kafa tsarin sarrafawa ba shi da amfani; ainihin tsarin sarrafa mu kawai “ba zai gan shi ba. Don haka, idan muka ɗauka cewa ƙayyadaddun zafin jiki don adadi mara iyaka shine 70 ° C, to samfurin da ke ba mu sama da 67.5 ° C zai zama daidai. Duk samfura masu maki 3 a cikin tantanin halitta na lissafi da ƙira mafi girma fiye da 5x5 tare da maki ɗaya a cikin tantanin halitta. (An Haskaka da kore a Tebur 2)
Yanayin aiki mai ƙarfi
Don tantance tsarin mulki mai ƙarfi, za mu kimanta tsarin canjin zafin jiki a mafi zafi da wuraren sanyi na bangon musayar zafi don bambance-bambancen tsarin ƙira. (duba hoto na 8)
Hoto 8. Dumama mai musayar zafi. Samfuran girma 2x2 da 10x10.
Ana iya ganin cewa lokacin tsarin canji da yanayinsa a zahiri ba su da 'yanci daga adadin sel na lissafin, kuma an ƙaddara su ne kawai ta yawan adadin ƙarfe mai zafi.
Don haka, mun yanke shawarar cewa don yin daidaitaccen ƙirar ƙirar zafi a cikin yanayin daga 20 zuwa 150 ° C, tare da daidaiton tsarin kula da SCR, kusan maki 10 - 20 sun isa.
Kafa samfuri mai ƙarfi bisa gwaji
Samun samfurin lissafi, da kuma bayanan gwaji akan tsaftace mai zafi, duk abin da za mu yi shi ne yin gyare-gyare mai sauƙi, wato, gabatar da wani abu mai ƙarfafawa a cikin samfurin don lissafin ya dace da sakamakon gwaji.
Bugu da ƙari, ta amfani da yanayin ƙirar ƙirar hoto, za mu yi wannan ta atomatik. Hoto na 9 yana nuna algorithm don zaɓar ƙididdiga masu ƙarfi na canja wurin zafi. Ana ba da bayanan da aka samu daga gwajin zuwa shigarwar, ana haɗa nau'in musayar zafi, kuma ana samun abubuwan da ake buƙata don kowane yanayin a fitarwa.
Hoto 9. Algorithm don zaɓar ƙididdiga mai ƙarfi dangane da sakamakon gwaji.
Don haka, muna ƙayyade ƙididdiga ɗaya don lambar Nusselt kuma muna kawar da rashin tabbas a cikin ƙididdiga. Don yanayin aiki daban-daban da yanayin zafi, ƙimar abubuwan gyara na iya canzawa, amma ga yanayin aiki iri ɗaya (aiki na yau da kullun) sun kasance kusa sosai. Misali, ga mai ba da wutar lantarki don nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan ƙididdiga sun bambanta daga 0.492 zuwa 0.655.
Idan muka yi amfani da ƙididdiga na 0.6, to, a cikin yanayin aiki a karkashin nazarin kuskuren lissafin zai zama ƙasa da kuskuren thermocouple, don haka, don tsarin sarrafawa, tsarin lissafi na mai musayar zafi zai zama cikakke cikakke ga ainihin samfurin.
Sakamakon kafa samfurin musayar zafi
Don tantance ingancin canjin zafi, ana amfani da sifa ta musamman - inganci:
inda:
effzafi - ingancin mai musayar zafi don mai sanyaya mai zafi;
Tduwatsuin - zafin jiki a mashigar zuwa mai musayar zafi tare da zafi mai zafi mai gudana;
Tduwatsudaga - zafin jiki a mashigar masu musayar zafi tare da zafi mai zafi mai gudana;
TZaurenin - zafin jiki a mashigai zuwa ga mai musanya zafi tare da sanyi mai gudana mai gudana.
Teburin 3 yana nuna karkatacciyar ingancin samfurin musayar zafi daga na gwaji a nau'ikan kwararar ruwa daban-daban tare da layin zafi da sanyi.
Tebur 3. Kurakurai wajen ƙididdige ingancin canjin zafi a cikin %
A cikin yanayinmu, za a iya amfani da ƙididdiga da aka zaɓa a cikin duk hanyoyin aiki na sha'awar mu. Idan a ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, inda kuskuren ya fi girma, ba a cimma daidaiton da ake bukata ba, za mu iya amfani da ma'auni mai mahimmanci mai mahimmanci, wanda zai dogara ne akan ƙimar halin yanzu.
Misali, a cikin Hoto na 10, ana ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdige ƙididdigewa ta amfani da dabarar da aka ba da ita dangane da yawan kwararar ruwa na yanzu a cikin sel tashoshi.
Hoto 10. Ƙimar haɓaka haɓakar canjin zafi mai canzawa.
binciken
- Sanin dokokin zahiri yana ba ku damar ƙirƙirar ƙira mai ƙarfi na abu don ƙirar tushen ƙira.
- Dole ne a tabbatar da samfurin kuma a daidaita shi bisa bayanan gwaji.
- Ya kamata kayan aikin haɓaka samfuri su ƙyale mai haɓakawa don tsara ƙirar bisa ga sakamakon gwajin abu.
- Yi amfani da daidaitaccen tsarin tushen tsarin kuma za ku yi farin ciki!
Kyauta ga waɗanda suka gama karantawa.
Masu amfani da rajista kawai za su iya shiga cikin binciken. don Allah.
Me zan yi magana a gaba?
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76,2%Yadda za a tabbatar da cewa shirin a cikin samfurin ya dace da shirin a cikin hardware.16
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23,8%Yadda ake amfani da kwamfuta mai ƙarfi don ƙirar ƙirar ƙira.5
21 mai amfani ya zabe. 1 mai amfani ya ƙi.
source: www.habr.com