Abubuwan:
Sau da yawa, idan muna magana da mutane daga wasu ƙasashe, muna farawa kwatanta matakan albashi. Kodayake yawan kuɗin shiga na iya bambanta sosai, ikon sayen, mai yiwuwa, zai kasance kusan a matakin guda, wanda ya fito fili a kasuwannin gidaje.
Shin da gaske ciyawa ta fi “kore” a wancan gefen?
Godiya ga dandalin sada zumunta , - Na yi magana da masana da yawa a cikin masana'anta waɗanda , da tattara bayanai kan albashi (An kuma ciro bayanai daga ) da lissafi albashi (PPP). a wasu garuruwa dangane da albashi a garina - St. Petersburg (PPP data dauka daga ).
Yaya za ku kwatanta kasashe a fannin tsadar rayuwa a yanzu?
Farashin na yau da kullun yana ƙaruwa akan kayayyaki da ayyuka a duniya, wanda ke da alaƙa da , baya kyale mutum a yau. zuwa ƙaura zuwa wata ƙasa, samun ra'ayi na tsadar rayuwa da kuma farashin ayyuka a wata ƙasa.
Jadawalin ya nuna matsakaicin matsakaicin riba na duniya a cikin shekaru 200 da suka gabata, wanda ya kasance a duniya har zuwa 1980. daidaitaccen matakin da ya dace: kusan 4-6%:
Rage yawan riba da kuma ƙaddamar da dala daga ma'auni na zinariya a 1971 - wanda ya zama sabon abu na karni na 21.
Lamarin iri ɗaya daga Deutsche Bank.
Sakamakon waɗannan abubuwan, ƙasashe suna kafawa:
1. rashin daidaiton sha'awa Babban bankin rates
2. iri-iri kumbura
3. daban farashin gidaje
4. rashin daidaito matakan farashin
5. daban tsadar rayuwa
Ta yaya za mu iya kwatanta yanzu “Kudin Rayuwa” a ƙasashe daban-daban na duniya?
Don kimanta rayuwa a wata ƙasa, zamu iya amfani da manufar - Siyan Ƙarfin Wuta (PPP, Turanci - Sayen Ƙarfin Siyayya: PPP)
Game da ikon siye (PPP)
Siyan iko daidaito - Rabo na biyu ko fiye na monetary raka'a, ago na kasashe daban-daban, kafa ta ikon siyan su dangane da wani sashe na kaya da kuma ayyuka.
Kara karantawa:
Menene PPP ta amfani da farashin Big Mac a matsayin misali?
Big Mac Price: p1
Berlin-4,70$ / New York-5,70$ / Saint Petersburg-2,10$
Big Mac ППС (Паритет покупательной способности) to Saint Petersburg: p2=p1/2,10
Berlin-2,2 / New York-2,70 / Saint Petersburg-1
Месячная зарплата = после налогов: p3
Berlin-2085$ / New York-3900$ / Saint Petersburg-1150$
ППС по Биг Маку - месячной зарплаты в городе
по отношению к зарплате в Санкт-Петербурге: p4=p3/p2
Berlin-940$ / New York-1470$ / Saint Petersburg-1150$
Ana iya ƙididdige ma'anar irin wannan don wasu kayayyaki: daga "jeans da ƙwai" zuwa farashin motocin Toyota da kayan aiki.
Don yin wannan, kan Numbeo.com dubban mutane suna cika bayanai kan farashin kayayyaki da ayyuka a cikin garinsu (bayanai kawai don watanni 18 da suka wuce, bayan haka waɗannan "kuɗin" ana ƙididdige su ta hanyar lissafi). Bugu da ƙari, ta masu sa kai: ana tattara bayanai da hannu daga kafaffen wuraren buɗe ido kuma waɗannan farashin kayayyaki da ayyuka ana ƙara su ta hanyar birni. Sau biyu a shekara.
Misali na da yawa (daga jimillar 50) Abubuwan kashe kuɗi na St. Petersburg (yawan mutanen da suka cika bayanan St. Petersburg a cikin watanni 18 na ƙarshe shine 524):
Labarin yana ɗauka PPP don abubuwa 50 daban-daban kashe kudi. Bayanan rabon dangi shine kamar haka:
Local_Puchasing_Power_Index = (Average_Disposable_Salary(This_City) /
BasketConsumerPlusRent(This_City)) / (Average_Disposable_Salary(New_York) /
BasketConsumerPlusRent(New_York)) BasketConsumerPlusRent(City) =
sum_of (Price_in_the_city * (cost_of_living_factor + rent_factor))
Misali kwatanta farashin rayuwa a Munich (Jamus) da St. Petersburg (Rasha)
Kwatanta farashin rayuwa a Rostov-on-Don da San Francisco (Amurka)
A cikin nawa kananan batutuwa nazari - Ina ɗauka cewa an karɓi ƙimar ƙimar rayuwa ta PPP don matsakaicin farashi a cikin wani birni na iyali hudu (bude bayanai daga ). Labarin ya tattauna halin da ake ciki lokacin da mutumin da ke zaune a birnin N ya zuba jari kuma ya kashe kuɗin da ya samu, a cikin garin nan N.
Me yasa BIM (injiniya da masu gudanarwa)
Injiniyan BIM (kwarewa na shekaru 1-2) - wannan shine wurin farawa a cikin ƙungiyar gine-gine (a da ana kiran injiniyan BIM "Mai tsarawa", yanzu ana kiransa injiniyan BIM). Mai sarrafa BIM (4-6 shekaru gwaninta) ya riga ya kasance mutumin da ke da kwarewa wanda ya kamata ya iya yin shiri kadan, amma ba haka ba.
Raba na wadanda ake ginawa amfani da BIM, dukiya a nan gaba za su kai kayan dukiya. A lokaci guda, gina asusun Injiniyoyin BIM da masu daidaitawa tsoffin injiniyoyin aikin gini ne. Yin hukunci da (2000 mahalarta kowane) - yawan kwararru a cikin wannan matsayi a Rasha a wannan lokacin: daga 10 zuwa 20 dubu mutane. Matsakaicin albashi a kowace ƙasa - Injiniya BIM / Mai Gudanar da BIM / Manajan BIM: 100% / 125% / 150%. Ba da daɗewa ba, duk injiniyoyi Yin aiki a cikin tsarawa zai yi aiki ɗaya ko wata hanya tare da fasahar BIM kuma duk injiniyoyi na iya amfani da su zuwa matsayinsu Abubuwan da aka makala BIM.
Ƙarshe:
1. Jimlar albashin shekara (yawanci ana magana da shi a Yamma) ya bambanta sosai dangane da kasar, yayin da net albashin wata-wata, fassara zuwa ikon siye, kusan iri daya.
Alal misali, jimlar albashin shekara-shekara Kyiv vs San Francisco yana da bambanci kusan 8 sau, alhali kuwa mai tsabta albashi na wata-wata zai sami bambanci kawai a cikin Lokacin 2.
2. Ƙananan kuɗin shiga na shekara-shekara, mafi girma m² za ku iya saya har tsawon shekaru 10 a cikin garin ku.
Tare da kuɗin da kuke samu (zaton kun ajiye rabin albashinku sama da shekaru 10) don tsabar kuɗi (ba tare da yin amfani da jinginar gida ba), kuna iya siya. 46 m² dukiya a Kyiv da 31 m² a San Francisco.
Kasashen da aka yi la'akari da su a cikin lissafin - kusan daidai ta fuskar tsaro, ingancin ilimi da kiwon lafiya. Kowannen wadannan bangarorin yana da nasa illa da fa'ida a kowace daga cikin wadannan kasashe.
Wadannan bangarorin wuyar nazari, sabanin farashin kayayyaki da ayyuka.
A halin yanzu, don shiga saman 10% mafi girman albashi a duniya - kana bukatar ka samu
.
A cikin tebur na ƙarshe za ku iya kwatanta abin da babban albashi na shekara-shekara a St. Petersburg yake daidai da $ 15,800 a kowace shekara (albashin kuɗi na wata-wata $1,150 ko 71,000 rubles). Dangane da daidaito, idan an ba ku dala 47,000 a kowace shekara a Boston ko Dublin, ƙididdige wannan kusan kusan ya dace da albashi na 71,000 rubles. net kowane wata a St. Petersburg.
Ko da yake wannan Ra'ayin ra'ayi, Ina tsammanin yana iya zama dacewa.
Zan yi farin cikin ganin sukar ku.
Asalin labarina akan LinkedIn (Turanci).
Ƙara kanku zuwa LinkedIn, Zan yi farin cikin yin sababbin lambobin sadarwa:
Duk ma'anoni - tare da kuskure na ± 10%
Hanyar haɗi zuwa maƙunsar bayanai (Google Spreadsheet)
Daga ina bayanan suka fito?
An gudanar da tattaunawar albashi (godiya ga waɗanda suka shiga) a cikin rukunin "BIM Rasha Exats" akan LinkedIn -
Babban albashin shekara:
Yawan haraji:
Farashin kowane m² siyan:
Siyan wutar lantarki (PPP) zuwa St. Petersburg:
source: www.habr.com