Muhimman abubuwan da suka faru na 2019

Zaɓin ƙarshe na mafi mahimmanci kuma sanannen al'amuran 2019:

• Richard Stallman hagu mukamin shugaban gidauniyar Open Source.
• Kamfanin IBM tsoma baki Jar Hula.
• Daidaitawa Gidan Yanar Gizo. Ingantawa WebAssembly a matsayin dandamali don amfani da duniya. WASI don amfani da WebAssembly a wajen mai lilo. binaryAST don hanzarta loda JavaScript.
• IBM, Google, Microsoft da Intel kafa kawance don haɓaka buɗaɗɗen fasahar kariya ta bayanai.
• W3C da kungiyoyin WHATWG sun yarda haɓaka ƙayyadaddun HTML da DOM gama gari.
• Komawa akan batun tallafawa tsarin init da yawa a cikin Debian da rike kada kuri'a na gaba daya kan tsarin shigar a Debian.
• Microsoft aka buga ƙayyadaddun bayanai na jama'a kuma an samar da takaddun haƙƙin mallaka na exFAT don amfanin kyauta na sarauta akan Linux. Kamfanin Paragon Software ya buɗe lambar direban ku na exFAT.
• Python и Firefox canza zuwa sabon sake zagayowar tsara.
• Aiwatar da tallafin DNS-over-HTTPS a ciki Firefox и Chrome (ƙungiyar masu samarwa yayi magana vs DoH).
• HTTP/3 goyon baya Chrome и Firefox, shiri module tare da goyon bayan HTTP/3 don nginx.
• Chrome da Firefox sun canza zuwa shafukan da aka buɗe ta hanyar HTTP tare da alamar haɗi mara tsaro.
• Firefox: Abin da ya faru tare da duk abubuwan da aka kashe na Firefox saboda karewa takardar shaidar Mozilla. Kunna toshe tracker ta tsohuwa a Firefox. Haɓaka sabon mai binciken wayar hannu Tsinkayar Firefox.
  Sabuntawa aiki akan haɗa tallafin Tor cikin Firefox. An kammala aiki kan cire abubuwan XBL (XML Binding Language) daga Firefox; yawancin ginanniyar musaya an sake gyara su (takaddun shaida, sandar adireshi, game da: config, da sauransu). An ƙaddamar Firefox Aika sabis. Rushewa Gwajin shirin Pilot da sabis na Screenshots na Firefox.
  Rashin nasara Mozilla daga aiwatar da wasu hane-hane daga sabon bayanan Chrome.

• Chrome: Ingantawa bugu na uku na ma'anar, m tare da uBlock Origin. Hada toshe tallan da bai dace ba. Haɗawa Filasha Dakatar da nuna "https://" da "www." a cikin adireshin adireshin. Ingantawa SXG da AMP don isar da ingantattun kwafi na shafukan yanar gizo daga wasu shafuka. Samun warewa tsakanin shafuka. Tsayawa dokoki don aika add-ons a cikin Shagon Yanar Gizo na Chrome.
• TLS: Mozilla, Cloudflare da Facebook miƙa Tsawaita TLS don wakilai na takaddun shaida na ɗan gajeren lokaci. Ƙa'idar ACME ta hanyar aikin Let's Encrypt yarda a matsayin ma'aunin Intanet.
• KDE и Mozilla canza zuwa Matrix don sadarwar haɓakawa. GTK maimakon jerin aikawasiku ya wuce zuwa dandalin tattaunawa.
• Hardware: Budewa microarchitecture MIPS R6 (MIPS Buɗe). Kamfanin IBM ya buɗe Gine-ginen sarrafa wutar lantarki. Western Digital ta buɗe WD SweRV RISC-V processor. Intel tasowa Buɗe firmware ModernFW. Google tasowa OpenTitan, dandamali don ƙirƙirar kwakwalwan kwamfuta masu aminci. Google, SiFive da WD kafa ƙawance don haɓaka buɗaɗɗen kwakwalwan kwamfuta da SoCs.
• Halayen haƙƙin mallaka: Patent da'awar da GNOME Foundation. Qaddamarwa akan kare buɗaɗɗen software daga trolls patent. Ƙoƙari samuwar patent pool don tattara sarauta don amfanin AV1 da VP9 codecs.
• Shari'a: Sabuntawa kara tsakanin Google da Oracle masu alaka da Java da Android. Da'awa vs Adblock Plus. Nasara VMware a cikin shari'ar cin zarafin GPL. Rambler bayyana hakkin ku ku Nginx.
• Rikici: An tsara shi akan Debian zauna ba tare da mai kula ba. Karewa ci gaban dstat. Share Gem kunshin a matsayin alamar rashin amincewa. Kashewa samun damar zuwa ma'ajiyar Jonathon F. PPA. .Ira Kar a canza jigon GTK a cikin rabawa. GNU Project Maintainers yayi magana adawa da shugabancin Stallman kadai.
• Lasisi: CockroachDB DBMS ya wuce don lasisin mallakar mallaka. Oracle canje-canje lasisi don ginawa Java SE. Kamfanin Redis Labs fassara samfura daga Faɗin Commons zuwa nasu lasisin mara kyauta. Lasin da aikin MongoDB ke amfani da shi shine SSPL gane mara inganci akan Fedora Linux. Lasisi na CUPS ya canza daga GPLv2 da LGPLv2 zuwa Apache 2.0. Chef ya zama aikin gaba daya bude.
• Sabbin cokali mai yatsu: Haske - GIMP cokali mai yatsa, Glaber - cokali mai yatsu Zabbix, baqmail - cokali mai yatsu qmail.
• Kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa: RIPE ware tubalan IPv4 na ƙarshe. Ƙaddamarwa Ranar tutar DNS 2019 a kan ƙarewa goyan bayan aiwatar da DNS mai matsala da Ranar tutar DNS 2020 don magance matsaloli tare da rarrabuwar IP lokacin sarrafa manyan saƙonnin DNS.
  Facebook bude dandamali don saurin tura hanyoyin sadarwar LTE. Hanyar BGP kawo zuwa ga gagarumin rushewar haɗin kai akan Intanet.

• Buɗe Ƙaddamarwa na Microsoft: tsarin mimalloc memory kasafi, subsystem Farashin WSL2 с gyara Linux kernel hadin kai NET 5 dandamali tare da tallafi don Linux da Android, Kit ɗin Developmentididdigar antididdiga don ci gaba da ƙididdiga algorithms, C++ daidaitaccen ɗakin karatu, dandamali NET Core 3.0 tare da WinUI da Windows Forms. Microsoft shiga don ci gaban OpenJDK. Microsoft Edge browser zai zama goyon bayan Linux.
• Koyon inji: Mai Spleter don raba kiɗa da murya.
  Mozilla tasowa tsarin fassarar inji. Microsoft bude SPTAG injunan koyon na'ura. Kira rayarwa ta amfani da hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi. Saki TensorFlow 2.0. CodeSearchNet don bincike da nazarin lambar. NVIDIA SPADE (GauGAN) don haɗa shimfidar wurare daga zane-zane. StyleGAN don haifar da fuskoki.

• Lambar aikin a buɗe take: Google ya buɗe Sandboxed don ƙirƙirar yanayin sandbox, ClusterFuzz don gano kurakurai da adiantum don ɓoye ɓoye cikin sauri. Cloudflare wallafa rarraba bazuwar lamba janareta. Netflix bude lambar don mahallin kwamfuta mai hulɗa Polynote. Intel wallafa ɗakin karatu don rage surutu da tace hoto.
  Facebook bude Hamisu JavaScript lambar injin. BMW ya buɗe tsarin RAMSES da aka rarraba. Amazon shirya buɗaɗɗen Elasticsearch. OpenDrop - bude aiwatar da Apple AirDrop. An bude lambar don tsarin CRM / BPM / ERP na masana'antu BGERP. NSA buga Ghidra reverse injin kayan aikin. Laburaren Cryptographic Rariya.

• Harsunan shirye-shirye: Perl 6 sake suna in Raku. Sabbin harsuna V, Farashin 9,
  P++ (harshen PHP mai ƙarfi).

  Mataki na 1.0. GCC 9. Python 3.8. LLVM 8/9. Java SE 12/13. Jakarta EE. Tafi 1.12/1.13
  PHP 7.4.Perl 5.30.

• Abubuwan tsarin: systemd 241, 242, 243, 244. tsarin gida don sarrafa kundayen adireshi na gida masu ɗaukuwa. Glibc 2.29/2.30.
• Halaye da kwantena: Hypervisor NVMM daga aikin NetBSD. Hypervisors Intel Cloud Hypervisor da Amazon Firecracker da aka rubuta a cikin Rust. Rarrabawa ClonOS don tura kayan aikin uwar garken kama-da-wane bisa FreeBSD. Linux 5.3 kwaya ya hada da hypervisor Farashin ACRN. Hamisu - unikernel, binary jituwa tare da Linux.
• BSD: Rarraba FreeBSD tsarin tushe cikin fakiti. Fassara FreeBSD akan "ZFS akan Linux". Share GCC daga FreeBSD core. FreeBSD 12.1. Sabbin rabawa Farashin BSD и Babban darajar SecBSD. Hyperbola canzawa zuwa cokali mai yatsu na OpenBSD. BuɗeBD 6.5/6.6. Halita sabuntawar fakiti don reshe mai ƙarfi na OpenBSD. Git mai jituwa Samu tsarin sarrafa sigar daga OpenBSD.

  DragonFlyBSD 5.6.

• Rarrabawa: Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8.0 (8.1). Debian 10. Fedora 30/31. Ubuntu 19.04/19.10.

  Ci gaba da sabunta bugu Ruwan CentOS. Aikin ELISA akan haɓaka yanayin Linux don ingantaccen tsarin dogara. Trident ya wuce daga tsarin BSD TrueOS zuwa Linux Void. Kashewa Rasha Fedora aikin. Haɓaka Kimiyyar Linux 8 nadi a cikin goyon bayan CentOS.
  Ci gaban Fedora Atomic Mai watsa shiri ƙarewa a yarda da aikin Fedora Core OS. Karewa goyan bayan tsarin 32-bit x86 a cikin Ubuntu.

• Dandalin wayar hannu: webOS Buɗe Tushen Buɗe 2, Android 10, NasabaOS 16, EdgeX 1.0.
  Na farko batch na wayar hannu ta Librem 5 da shirye-shiryen wayar hannu ta PinePhone. Ci bude aikin Mer da na mallaka OS Sailfish. Dandalin Mozilla WebThings.

• DBMS: PostgreSQL 12, MariaDB 10.4. An bude VictoriaMetrics DBMS code. BlazingSQL, wanda ke amfani da GPU don haɓakawa. Dqlite, bambancin SQLite da aka rarraba.
• Yanayin al'ada da zane-zane: GTK+ sake suna in GTK. Xfce 4.14,KDE 5.15/5.16/5.17, GNOME 3.32/3.34. 0.14 LXQt. MATA 1.22.

  wayland 1.17, West 7.0.
  Red Hat yayi nufin daina haɓaka uwar garken X.Org. Sabon mai tara shader don AMD GPUs daga Valve. AMD bude Tsarin Caudron don saurin samfur na aikace-aikacen 3D. Blender 2.80. Desktop don amfani da GNOME da KDE a cikin na'urar kai ta gaskiya.

• Codecs: Intel bude Mai rikodin bidiyo na AV1 ingantacce don yin rikodin kan-da-tashi. Xiph da Mozilla bunkasa rav1e, mai rikodin AV1 a cikin Rust.
  Google bude libgav1, dikodi don tsarin AV1. VideoLAN da FFmpeg bunkasa AV1 decoder dav1d.

• Abubuwan haɓaka kernel na Linux: 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4.
  Horo USB 4.0 direbobi, ci gaba tsarin don rubuta amintattun direbobi a cikin Rust da Tallafi zuwa reshen WireGuard VPN na gwaji. Canja wurin subsystems zuwa Android (aikin akan amfani da ma'auni (ba tare da gyare-gyare ba) Linux kernel a cikin Android).

  Manyan canje-canje a cikin kernel: tsarin ɓoye tsarin fayil adiantum, BinderFS tsarin fayil, seccomp kulle masu kula da sarari a cikin sarari mai amfani, Yanayin ext4 yana aiki ta hanyar rashin fahimta,

  io_uring asynchronous I/O interface, ikon yin amfani da NVDIMM azaman RAM, tallafi don saka idanu mai girma na manyan fayilolin fayiloli ta hanyar fanotify, ikon daidaita matakan matsawa Zstd a cikin Btrfs, sabon mai sarrafa TEO na cpuidle, aiwatar da kiran tsarin don magance matsalar 2038, ikon yin taya daga na'urorin na'ura - mapper ba tare da initramfs ba, SafeSetID LSM module, goyan bayan faci masu raye-raye,

  direbobi don GPU Mali 4xx/ 6xx/7xx, na'urar-mapper module dm-kura, Sauti Buɗe Firmware goyon bayan DSP, BFQ ingantawa, PSI (Matsa lamba Stall Information) subsystem,

  goyon bayan Intel Speed ​​​​Zaɓi fasahar sarrafa wutar lantarki, kiran tsarin pidfd_open, ikon yin amfani da adiresoshin IPv4 daga 0.0.0.0/8 subnet, haɓaka kayan aikin nftables, tallafin HDR a cikin tsarin DRM, haɗin kai na ACRN,

  direban exFAT na gwaji, yanayin "kullewa"don iyakance tushen mai amfani da kernel, fs-verity inji don saka idanu da amincin fayil, ikon yin amfani da CIFS don tushen ɓangaren, shigarwar iocost / mai sarrafa fitarwa, EROFS FS, dm-clone module don kwafi na na'urorin waje, virtiofs FS. don fitar da kundayen adireshi zuwa tsarin baƙi, tallafi ga AMD Navi 12/14, AMD Arcturus, AMD Renoir, Intel Tiger Lake da Zhaoxi GPUs.

• Hacks: matrix, https://www.opennet.ru/opennews/art.shtml?num=50673 Picreel da Alpaca Forms, Gudun daji, Ranar Pale, Mamanero, HackerOne, Yanar gizo, NASA, barna a gidan yanar gizon Stallman.
• Ayyukan mugunta a cikin ma'ajiya da kundayen adireshi:
  Docker Hub hack. Hacking Ma'ajiyar PHP PEAR da gyaggyarawa mai sarrafa fakitin.
  Add-ons na mugunta Mozilla directory, Google Play.
  Kai hari qeta fansa na ma'ajin Git a cikin GitHub, GitLab da sabis na Bitbucket. Hacking Ma'ajiyar Canonical akan GitHub. 73 wuraren ajiya tare da bayan gida akan GitHub.
  Allurar lambar mugunta cikin kunshin Ruby Kalmar sirri mai ƙarfi, Kunshin NPM bb-gina, npm fakitin dogara Tsarkakakken rubutu, Dakunan karatu na Python a cikin PyPI, dakunan karatu na Ruby bootstrap-sass и abokin ciniki, Ayyukan Android don aiki tare da kyamara.

• Cryptocurrencies: Blockchain dandamali TON (Telegram Open Network) da shakku Kudin hannun jari Telegram cryptocurrency. Mummunan rauni a cikin Ethereum. Varfafawa a Zcash, wanda ya ba da damar samar da sababbin kudade. Hacking Monero gidan yanar gizon cryptocurrency. Sharar gida biyu Canje-canje a cikin Ethereum Classic.
• Hanyoyin kai hari:
  • Kai hari don ƙayyade yanayin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na matakai ta amfani da cache shafi.
  • Hanyar fasaha kewaye Widevine L3 DRM kariya.
  • KNOB harin, yana ba ku damar satar ɓoyayyen zirga-zirgar Bluetooth.
  • Kai hari akan microphones na tsarin sarrafa murya ta amfani da Laser.
  • Kai hari ta amfani da na'urorin Thunderbolt masu cutarwa.
  • Hawan hare-haren da ke da alaka da kwace iko akan DNS.
  • Kai hari zuwa daban-daban aiwatarwa na TLS.
  • Kai hari zuwa hanyar sadarwa na sabar maɓalli na sirri na OpenPGP.
  • Dama tsoma baki tare da haɗin TCP da aka yi ta hanyar VPN tunnels.
  • Kai hari akan tsarin gaba-gaba, yana ba ku damar shiga cikin buƙatun ɓangare na uku
  • Kai hari CPDoS, wanda ke ba ku damar yin shafukan da aka yi aiki ta CDN ba su samuwa.
  • Minerva - dabarar dawo da maɓallin ECDSA.
  • NetCAT - Gano nesa na maɓallan da aka danna a cikin zaman SSH.
  • DoS hare-hare don rage aikin cibiyar sadarwar Tor;
  • Mafi inganci Hanyar gano karo don SHA-1.
• Rashin lahani a cikin masu sarrafawa. Matsaloli tare da kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Intel: MDS, MAGANAR, Zombieload 2, Plundervolt. Intel da AMD: SWAPGS. AMD:
  AMD SEV.

• Rashin lahani a cikin firmware, ladabi da keɓaɓɓen kwakwalwan kwamfuta: BMC masu sarrafa, WiFi firmware Marvell Avastar, TPM-Rashin nasara, Hanyoyin ciniki na HSM, Qualcomm TrustZone, Farashin Intel SGX, WPA3 da EAP-pwd (1, 2), Broadcom WiFi kwakwalwan kwamfuta, QualPwn (Qualcomm Wi-Fi)
• Rashin lahani: raunin tushen tushen gida a cikin kernel Linux (Farashin SCTP, AF_ALG, kebul, i915, ku 4l2, mamaki, fbdev). Rashin lahani na DoS mai nisa a cikin kernel Linux (RDS, UDP, rtlwifi) da kuma FreeBSD. Kunshin-mutuwa akan Linux da FreeBSD.
  Hudu m rauni в gidan waya uwar garke Exim, wanda jagoranci zuwa yawan hare-hare.

  Lalacewar nesa a ciki php-fpm, WordPress, WhatsApp, SQLite (+ kai hari ta hanyar WebSQL a cikin Chrome) OpenSSL, NPM, Git, Sakakken, mara iyaka rafi na rauni a cikin Ghostscript, Dovecot, KDE, Proftpd, squid, Magento, SDL, GraphicsMagick, Vim, MyBB, PharStreamWrapper (Drupal, Joomla da Typo3), APT, pacman, Drupal, LibreOffice da OpenOffice, SCP.

  Lalacewar gida mai haɗari a cikin runc da LXC (Docker) tsarin-jarida, ld.don haka и libc a cikin OpenBSD, Xen,
  vhost-net, QEMU, Docker, snap da flatpak, snapd.

A cikin shekarar, an buga labarai 1687 (790 main, 897 mini) akan OpenNET, wanda aka bar sharhi 148862.

source: budenet.ru