A ƙasan yanke shi ne yadda aka shirya babban aikin tarawa da sake amfani da kayan aiki a Rasha, tare da ɗan gajeren balaguron balaguro zuwa masana'antar sake yin amfani da wutar lantarki inda ake sake sarrafa kayan lantarki da na gida.
Abu mafi ban sha'awa a cikin tsarin sarrafawa na farko shine aikin masu rarrabawa, wanda ke raba abubuwa na nau'in da ake so daga ƙasa crumbs na komai. Kuma a nan ma, akwai wurin AI.
Kimanin shekaru 10, muna gudanar da tallace-tallace don tarawa da sake amfani da kayan aiki, wanda a cikinsa muka ba da rangwame kan sabbin sayayya. Kuma tun lokacin bazarar da ta gabata sun fara yin hakan a kan ci gaba. Haka kuma mai yiwuwa ba tare da ƙarin sharuɗɗa ba. Duk abin da kuke buƙatar ku yi shi ne kawo shi zuwa yankin sabis na ɗayan shagunan mu da ke shiga cikin aikin kuma ku cika fom ɗin ƙi. Yanzu ana iya yin wannan a cikin 383 M.Video da Eldorado Stores a cikin birane da yankuna tara (Moscow, Moscow Region, St. Petersburg, Kolpino, Kazan, Volgograd, Yaroslavl, Samara da Ulyanovsk). A yanzu, ana iya ba da odar cire tsofaffin manyan kayan aiki yayin isar da sababbi, amma a nan gaba za mu ba da sabis na daban. Ta hanyar SKO Electronics-Recycling Association, muna aiki tare da hanyar sadarwa na sake amfani da tsire-tsire a yankuna daban-daban na Rasha. Don dacewa da lissafin kuɗi da sarrafawa, mun ƙirƙiri tsarin IT mai sauƙi wanda muke yin rajistar duk na'urorin da abokan ciniki suka mika, bayan haka zamu iya bin diddigin makomar su.
A cikin watanni tara da suka gabata, mun mika tan 292 na kayan aiki don sake amfani da su. A guda wannan raka'a 24 ne. Abokan cinikinmu fiye da dubu 900 ne suka kawo mana su. Masu saye sun fi mika wayoyin hannu, talabijin, wayoyin gida, belun kunne, karafa da kettles. Kuma yanzu muna so mu gaya muku abin da zai biyo baya tare da wannan fasaha. Don yin wannan, mun je ga abokan aikinmu a masana'antar Ecotekhprom, dake cikin yankin Moscow, kilomita biyar daga Moscow Ring Road.
Me yasa ake buƙatar sake yin amfani da su?
A cikin jimlar yawan sharar gida, kayan aikin gida da na lantarki sun mamaye kusan 7% (daga baya, alkalumman da babban darektan Ecotekhprom Vladimir Preobrazhensky ya sanar). Amma sharar lantarki ce ke haifar da kashi 70% na lalacewar muhalli. Sun ƙunshi kowane nau'in ƙarfe masu nauyi, mercury, freons, mai. Wadannan abubuwa a ƙarshe suna samun hanyar shiga cikin ruwa na ƙasa da wuraren shan guba da kuma ƙasa.
Inda aka sake sarrafa komai
A matsayin misali, za mu gaya muku game da daya daga cikin abokan tarayya - Ecotekhprom shuka kusa Moscow, wanda shi ne wani ɓangare na Ecopolis Corporation. Tana da masana'antar sarrafa abubuwa da yawa waɗanda ke aiki akan rufaffiyar tsarin sake zagayowar tare da fitar da sifili a cikin muhalli. Wadancan. Dangane da abokantakar muhalli, komai yana cikin tsari.
A wannan kamfani, ana tarwatsa kayan aiki zuwa sassa, an murƙushe su kuma ana jerawa. Samfuran da aka sarrafa na ƙarshe, kamar filastik granules ko ƙarfe mara ƙarfe, ana kera su a wasu kamfanoni na kamfani.
Ta yaya ake sake yin amfani da su?
A cikin sharuddan gabaɗaya, komai yana da sauƙi: kuna buƙatar karɓar kayan aiki, cire batura, bututun hoto, fitar da freon daga firiji, sannan aika shi zuwa shredder. A lokacin da ake fitarwa, sami ƙwanƙwasa, a rarraba su cikin ƙarfe da robobi sannan a tura su don ƙarin sarrafawa zuwa wasu tsire-tsire.
A gaskiya ma, komai ya ɗan fi rikitarwa. Kuma mafi girman adadin fasaha yana shiga cikin rarrabuwa. Amma bari mu fara cikin tsari, tare da panorama.
Panorama na babban taron bita. Hoto: Ecotekhprom
Wurin da ke gaba an yi niyya ne don adana kayan lantarki da za a sake sarrafa su. A gefen hagu akwai dandali inda ake yin rarrabuwar kawuna. A dama a cikin zurfin akwai shredders da separators.
Kuma yanzu ga cikakken bayani.
Ana jera kowace kaya da aka shigo da ita: manyan kayan aikin gida suna tafiya gefe guda, komai mai bututun hoto yana zuwa wani sashe na musamman, kuma ana jefar da na'urorin lantarki a cikin manyan tudu.
Daga waɗannan tudun, ma'aikacin ya kai shi zuwa na'ura mai ɗaukar hoto, inda ake yin rarrabuwar kawuna.
Hoto: Ecotekhprom
Kayan aiki ba a kwance ba inda ya cancanta - suna taimakawa tare da guduma, manyan sassa na filastik, gilashi da ƙarfe da kuma wayoyi sun rabu da juna. Sa'an nan duk wannan zai tafi daban-daban shredders da separators.
Wani shredder masana'antu yana jiran manyan kayan aiki. Ta tafi can gaba daya.
Abinda kawai: kafin wannan, ana fitar da freon daga tsarin sanyaya na firiji ta amfani da na'ura na musamman, wanda aka zubar daban a wasu kamfanoni. Yana da illa saboda yana iya lalata Layer ozone na Duniya.
Injin wanki yana shiga cikin shredder
Bayan shredder, sashin rabuwa ya fara.
Ta yaya ake raba robobi da karafa?
Akwai masu raba shida a Ekotekhprom. Da yawa eddy halin yanzu, saurara don nau'ikan karafa daban-daban, iska, neodymium da na gani.
Ana amfani da maganadisu neodymium don zaɓar karafa na ƙarfe daga tarin gabaɗaya.
Sa'an nan sieving shiga eddy current separators. A can, ana raba robobi da karafa, kuma an raba rukuni daban-daban na karafa da juna.
Haɗaɗɗen karafa marasa ƙarfe suna shiga cikin wannan akwati
Kuma wadannan jakunkuna na dauke da robobi da sauran tarkace
Ƙa'idar aiki na mai raba halin yanzu yana dogara ne akan abubuwan da aka haifar na Foucault. Ana shiga cikinsa, ana fitar da kayan aikin (inda akwai electrons kyauta) kuma kayan halitta (roba, roba) kawai sun faɗi ƙasa.
Mai raba gani
An riga an jera ƙarfen da ba na ƙarfe ba ta amfani da na'urar raba kayan gani. Wannan ita ce mafi kyawun na'ura a nan. Sun kasance suna aiki don kafa shi tsawon watanni da yawa yanzu, suna ƙara shirye-shiryen da suka dace: akwai uku daga cikinsu a cikin ainihin kunshin, amma yanzu muna buƙatar bakwai. Wannan shine yuwuwar inda amfani da AI zai kawo fa'idodi masu yawa. Kuma zai bayyana nan ba da jimawa ba.
Tabbas, ba kawai karafa ba za a iya jerawa ta amfani da wannan shigarwa. Ana loda wannan ƙaramin abu a can:
Mai raba yana da abubuwa biyu masu mahimmanci: ɗaki da firikwensin induction. Na farko yana rikodin girman da launi, kuma firikwensin yana amsawa da ƙarfe. Ana ciyar da ɓangarorin da ba a daidaita su a hankali a kan bel ɗin jigilar kaya, wanda, wucewa ta na'urori masu auna firikwensin, yana ƙarewa da tsefe tare da nozzles na iska da kwantena biyu. Idan na'urori masu auna firikwensin sun gano abin da ake so, ana kunna bututun ƙarfe a kan juji daga bel ɗin da yake wurin, ana fitar da shi daga cikin tarin gabaɗaya zuwa wani akwati daban. Duk lokacin da mai raba abu ya raba abu daya, misali jan karfe, sannan tagulla, da sauransu.
Labarin tare da rarraba filastik ya ɗan bambanta. Tun da za'a iya samun nau'ikan robobi fiye da 40, ana amfani da rabuwa da yawa. Suna yin maganin saline wanda abu ɗaya ke shawagi, ɗayan kuma ya daidaita. Girman maganin yana daidaita rabuwa. Duk wannan yana faruwa a wani kamfani na kamfani, inda ake jigilar robobi daga Ecotekhprom a cikin kwantena masu laushi (manyan jakunkuna).
Zubar da abubuwa masu haɗari
Mun riga mun yi magana game da fitar da freon daga tsoffin firji a sama. Ana tattara shi a cikin silinda na musamman kuma an ɗauke shi zuwa wani wuri na musamman don neutralization.
Wani sashi mai haɗari na muhalli shine bututun hoto. Sun ƙunshi babban adadin gubar oxide da barium. Hakanan phosphor yana da haɗari.
Don sake sarrafa bututun hoto, kamfanin ya sanya kyamarori na musamman da yawa. A can, an yanke bututun hoto a hankali kuma an cire phosphor tare da na'ura mai tsabta a ciki, bayan haka duk wannan ana aika zuwa wani kamfani na musamman wanda ke sake sarrafa kayan da ke dauke da mercury.
Ƙaddara dabam tana jiran tarawa da batura. Ana tattara su a matakin ƙaddamar da kayan aiki kuma an kai su zuwa wani kamfani na musamman.
Game da tallace-tallace
Kamfanoni ne ke ɗaukar kayan da za a sake amfani da su sannan su rubuta a cikin fasfo na kowane samfurinsu wanda haka da yawa ana yin su daga kayan da aka sake sarrafa su. Ana siyan robobin da aka sake fa'ida ta masana'antun kwantena, bututun ruwa, benci na titi, sigar taga da bitumen. Babban filastik daga kayan ofis ya dace da wannan.
Babban masu siyan karafa sune Severstal da Magnitogorsk Iron da Karfe Works. A cewar daraktan, tsaftar karfen da aka kawo masa ya kai kashi 94%, wanda kusan ya yi daidai da ka’idojin Turai, inda aka kayyade shi a kashi 95%.
Wannan shi ne ainihin labarin duka. A wannan shekara muna shirin ƙaddamar da shirin sake yin amfani da shi a cikin ƙarin biranen 12, da kuma sanya shi, a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, sabis na daban kuma mai zaman kansa (wannan idan ya zama dole don ceton duniya daga manyan kayan aiki da ba a daɗe ba ta hanyar cire shi daga wurin shigarwa. ). A lokaci guda kuma, ana iya kawo ƙananan kayan aiki da ƙananan kayan aiki a cikin wuraren sabis na shagunan mu kuma tabbatar da cewa zubar da shi zai faru daidai da duk dokoki.
Wadannan babura guda biyu irin na waje ne da abokan cinikinmu su ma suka yi haya
source: www.habr.com