Wannan labarin an keɓe shi ne don nazarin kwatancen mahaɗan ma'ana daga aikin masanin falsafar Jamus Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel "Kimiyyar Logic" tare da kwatankwacinsu ko rashin su a cikin shirye-shirye.

Ƙungiyoyi daga Kimiyyar Ma'ana suna cikin rubutun kalmomi don guje wa rudani tare da ma'anar ma'anar waɗannan kalmomi gaba ɗaya.

Zama mai tsarki

Idan ka bude ma'anar tsarkin halitta a cikin littafin, za ku ga layi mai ban sha'awa "ba tare da ƙarin ma'anar ba". Amma ga waɗanda ba su karanta ko ba su fahimta ba, kada ku yi gaggawar tuhumar marubucin ciwon hauka. Zama mai tsarki - wannan shi ne ainihin ra'ayi a cikin ma'anar Hegel, ma'ana cewa akwai wani abu, don Allah kada ku dame shi da samuwar abu, abu zai iya zama ba ya wanzu a gaskiya, amma idan muka yi la'akari da shi a cikin tunaninmu, ya wanzu. Idan ka yi tunani game da shi, da gaske akwai abubuwa kamar tsarkin halitta ba shi yiwuwa a ba da ma'ana, kuma duk wani yunƙuri irin wannan zai sauko zuwa ga gaskiyar cewa kawai za ku koma ga ma'ana ko ma'anarsa. Zama mai tsarki irin wannan m ra'ayi cewa shi za a iya amfani da cikakken wani abu, ciki har da kanta. A cikin wasu yarukan da suka dace da abu, yana yiwuwa a iya wakiltar wani abu a matsayin abu, gami da aiki akan abubuwa, wanda a ka'ida ya ba mu irin wannan matakin abstraction. Koyaya, a cikin shirye-shiryen analog ɗin kai tsaye tsarkin halitta A'a. Don bincika wanzuwar abu, muna buƙatar bincika rashinsa.

if(obj != null);

Abin mamaki ne cewa irin wannan nau'in ciwon sukari bai wanzu ba tukuna, tunda wannan cak ɗin ya shahara sosai.

Ba komai

Ta yaya za ku yi tsammani kome ba shine rashin komai. Kuma ana iya kiran analog ɗinsa NULL. Ya kamata a lura da cewa a cikin kimiyyar dabaru kome ba shi ne tsarkin halitta, domin ita ma akwai. Wannan kadan ne na kama; ba za mu iya samun damar NULL a matsayin abu a kowane harshe ba, ko da yake a zahiri ma ɗaya ne.

Samuwar da lokuta

Halita canji ne daga kome ba в kasancewa kuma daga kasancewa в kome ba. Wannan ya ba mu biyu lokacin, ana kiran na farko fitowar, da na biyu wucewa. Wucewa ana kiransa da haka maimakon bacewa, domin ainihin ma'anar ma'ana ba zai iya ɓacewa ba sai mun manta da shi. Janyewa don haka za mu iya kiran tsarin aiki. Idan an fara fara abin mu, to lokacin faruwa, kuma idan an sanya wata ƙima ko NULL lokacin wucewa.

obj = new object(); //возникновение
obj = null; //прехождение

Kasancewar

A takaice wanzuwa wani abu ne wanda ba shi da ma'anar ma'ana, amma yana da tabbas. Me ake nufi. Misalin canonical kujera ce ta talakawa. Idan kun yi ƙoƙarin ba da ma'anar ma'anar, za ku gamu da matsaloli da yawa. Misali, ka ce: “Wannan kayan daki ne da aka tsara don zama,” amma ita ma kujera an yi ta ne don wannan, da sauransu. Amma rashin bayyana ma’anarsa ba ya hana mu haskaka shi a sararin samaniya da kuma yin amfani da shi yayin watsa bayanai game da shi, saboda a cikin kawunanmu akwai. tabbas kujera. Wataƙila wasu sun riga sun yi hasashen cewa an ƙirƙiri hanyoyin sadarwa na jijiyoyi don ware irin waɗannan abubuwa daga rafin bayanai. Ana iya nuna hanyar sadarwa na jijiyoyi azaman aikin da ke bayyana wannan tabbas, amma babu nau'ikan abubuwa da zasu haɗa da bayyanannun ma'anoni masu banƙyama, don haka ba za a iya amfani da waɗannan abubuwan a daidai matakin abstraction ba.

Ka'idar canji na canje-canje masu yawa zuwa masu inganci

Friedrich Engels ne ya tsara wannan doka a sakamakon fassarar hikimar Hegel. Duk da haka, ana iya gani a fili a cikin juzu'in farko a cikin babin kan mafi ƙarancin. Asalinsa shine adadi canje-canje ga abu na iya shafar shi quality. Misali, muna da abin kankara; tare da tarin zafin jiki, zai zama ruwan ruwa kuma ya canza shi halaye. Don aiwatar da wannan hali a cikin wani abu, akwai tsarin ƙirar Jiha. Samuwar irin wannan maganin yana faruwa ne sakamakon rashin shirye-shiryen irin wannan abu kamar tushe to fitowar abu. Foundation yana ƙayyade yanayin da abu zai iya bayyana a ƙarƙashinsa, kuma a cikin algorithm mu kanmu yanke shawara a wane lokaci muke buƙatar fara abu.

PS: Idan wannan bayanin yana da ban sha'awa, zan sake duba wasu abubuwa daga Kimiyyar Logic.

source: www.habr.com