Cibiyar Ƙididdiga da Fasaha ta Ƙasar Amurka (NIST) ta sanar da waɗanda suka yi nasara a gasar gasa ta algorithms da ke da juriya ga zaɓi a kan kwamfuta mai ƙididdigewa. An shirya gasar shekaru shida da suka gabata kuma tana da nufin zaɓar algorithms cryptography post-quantum wanda ya dace da nadi a matsayin ma'auni. A yayin gasar, ƙwararrun masana masu zaman kansu sun yi nazarin algorithms da ƙungiyoyin bincike na duniya suka gabatar don yuwuwar lahani da rauni.
Wanda ya ci nasara a cikin algorithms na duniya waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don kare watsa bayanai a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar kwamfuta shine CRYSTALS-Kyber, wanda ƙarfinsa shine ƙananan girman maɓalli da babban gudu. Ana ba da shawarar CRYSTALS-Kyber don canja wuri zuwa nau'in ma'auni. Baya ga CRYSTALS-Kyber, an gano ƙarin algorithms guda huɗu na gaba ɗaya - BIKE, Classic McEliece, HQC da SIKE, waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙarin haɓakawa. Ana ba wa marubutan waɗannan algorithms dama har zuwa Oktoba 1 don sabunta ƙayyadaddun bayanai da kuma kawar da gazawar a cikin aiwatarwa, bayan haka kuma za a iya haɗa su a cikin 'yan wasan karshe.
Daga cikin algorithms da ke nufin yin aiki tare da sa hannu na dijital, CRYSTALS-Dilithium, FALCON da SPHINCS + an haskaka su. Algorithms na CRYSTALS-Dilithium da FALCON suna da inganci sosai. Ana ba da shawarar CRYSTALS-Dilithium azaman farkon algorithm don sa hannun dijital, kuma FALCON yana mai da hankali kan mafita waɗanda ke buƙatar ƙaramin girman sa hannu. SPHINCS+ yana baya bayan algorithms biyu na farko dangane da girman sa hannu da sauri, amma an haɗa shi a cikin waɗanda za su ƙare a matsayin zaɓi na madadin, tunda ya dogara ne akan ƙa'idodin lissafi daban-daban.
Musamman ma, CRYSTALS-Kyber, CRYSTALS-Dilithium da FALCON algorithms suna amfani da hanyoyin cryptography bisa ga warware matsalolin ka'idar lattice, lokacin da mafita ba ya bambanta akan kwamfutoci na al'ada da adadi. Algorithm na SPHINCS+ yana amfani da dabaru na tushen aikin hash.
Algorithms na duniya da aka bari don haɓaka suma sun dogara ne akan wasu ƙa'idodi - BIKE da HQC suna amfani da abubuwa na ka'idar coding algebra da lambobin layi, kuma ana amfani da su a cikin tsarin gyara kuskure. NIST na da niyyar ƙara daidaita ɗayan waɗannan algorithms don samar da madadin da aka riga aka zaɓa CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm, wanda ya dogara akan ka'idar lattice. Algorithm na SIKE yana dogara ne akan amfani da isogeny supersingular ( kewayawa a cikin babban jadawali na isogeny) kuma ana ɗaukarsa azaman ɗan takara don daidaitawa, tunda yana da ƙaramin maɓalli. Algorithm na Classic McEliece yana cikin waɗanda suka yi nasara, amma har yanzu ba za a daidaita su ba saboda girman maɓalli na jama'a.
Bukatar haɓakawa da daidaita sabbin algorithms na crypto-algorithms shine saboda gaskiyar cewa kwamfutoci masu yawa, waɗanda ke haɓaka haɓakawa kwanan nan, suna magance matsalolin bazuwar lambar halitta zuwa manyan dalilai (RSA, DSA) da logarithm mai hankali na maki elliptical lanƙwasa ( ECDSA), wanda ke ƙunshe da algorithms na zamani na asymmetric. A matakin ci gaba na yanzu, ƙarfin kwamfutocin ƙididdiga ba su isa su fashe algorithms na ɓoye na zamani na zamani da sa hannun dijital bisa maɓallan jama'a, kamar ECDSA, amma ana ɗauka cewa yanayin zai iya canzawa cikin shekaru 10 kuma ya zama dole. don shirya tushen don canja wurin tsarin crypto zuwa sababbin ka'idoji.
source: budenet.ru