Game da fama incapacitants

Sannu %username%.

gjf a sake saduwa.

Ina neman afuwar nan take idan labarin da ya gabata kamar ban sha'awa a gare ku, amma a wasu tambayoyi gaba daya na rasa tunanina.

Kuma ina neman afuwa idan na lalata rugujewar wasu masu karatu.

Amma bisa sakamakon zaben, za mu yi magana kan magungunan yaki. Amma waɗannan ba wasu magungunan tatsuniyoyi ba ne waɗanda za su mayar da mara ƙarfi ya zama Sojan Duniya.

Wannan ba gaskiya bane ko kadan.

Lokacin da na fara nazarin batun, na fi sha'awar marasa ƙarfi. Tabbas: a wani mataki, ɗan adam ya gane ba zato ba tsammani cewa idan kowa yana da guba da wani abu kamar phosgene da V-gases, ba za a bar ɗan adam ba!

Incapacitants sun fi ban sha'awa! Ta hanyar ma'anar, "masu iya aiki abubuwa ne waɗanda ke rage ƙarfin rai na ɗan lokaci." Daidai "ba tare da tsari" - amma ba ga mutuwa ba.

A rayuwata, na ci karo da bayani cewa an kasafta wasu ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a matsayin marasa ƙarfi:
Wasu m jeri na samu a kan net

1. Algogens sune abubuwan da ke haifar da ciwo mai tsanani lokacin da suka hadu da fata. A halin yanzu, akwai abubuwan da aka sayar don kare kai na yawan jama'a. Sau da yawa kuma suna da tasirin lachrymatory. Misali: 1-methoxy-1,3,5-cycloheptatriene, dibenzoxazepine, capsaicin, pelargonic acid morpholide, resiniferatoxin, phorbol esters, cycloheptatriene.
2. Anxiogens suna haifar da mummunan harin tsoro a cikin mutum. Misalai: cholecystokinin nau'in B agonists.
3. Anticoagulants - rage zubar jini, haifar da zubar jini. Misalai: superwarfarin, dicoumarin abubuwan da suka samo asali.
4. Masu jan hankali - jawo hankalin kwari ko dabbobi daban-daban (misali, hargitsi, mara daɗi) ga mutum. Hakan na iya haifar da firgici a cikin mutum ko kuma ya haifar da harin kwari a kan mutum. Hakanan ana iya amfani da su don jawo hankalin kwari zuwa amfanin gonakin abokan gaba. Misali: 3,11-dimethyl-2-nonacosanone (mai jan hankali na kyankyasai).
5. Aphrodisiacs - haifar da karuwa mai karfi a cikin libido. A cewar masu bincike, hakan na iya haifar da rikici a cikin tawagar sojoji kusan jinsi guda. Misalai: Viagra, Cialis.
6. Smely (malodorants) - yana haifar da kawar da mutane daga yankin ko daga wani mutum saboda ƙiyayyar mutane ga wari mara kyau na yankin (mutum). Ko dai abubuwan da kansu ko samfuran metabolism na su na iya samun wari mara daɗi. Misalai: mercaptans, isonitriles, selenols, sodium tellurite, geosmin, benzcyclopropane.
7. Sanadin ciwon tsoka - haifar da ciwo mai tsanani a cikin tsokoki na mutum. Misalai: thymol amino esters.
8. Sanadin asarar gashi - manufar amfani shine tasiri ga mutane masu aiki da zamantakewa, don rage sha'awar waje. Misalai: gishiri thallium.
9. Antihypertensives - yana rage hawan jini sosai, yana haifar da rugujewar orthostatic, wanda ke haifar da rasa hayyacin mutum ko ikon motsi. Misali: clonidine, canbisol, platelet activating factor analogues.
10. Hormones - yana shafar tsarin jiki da yawa a cikin ƙananan ƙididdiga, wanda zai iya haifar da canje-canje a cikin jin dadi da yanayin tunani. Akan samu kwanciyar hankali nau'ikan hormones sau da yawa. Misalai: insulin, adrenocorticotropic hormone, glucocorticoids.
11. Denaturants - ba da ɗanɗano mai daɗi ga abinci, wanda zai iya haifar da yunwa a wuraren da abin ya shafa. Misalai: gishiri denatonium, quinine.
12. Casstrators - suna haifar da simintin siminti (rasa haifuwa). Misali: gossypol.
13. Catatonic - haifar da ci gaban catatonia a cikin wadanda abin ya shafa. Yawancin lokaci ana magana da shi azaman nau'in abu mai guba na psychochemical. Misalai: bulbocapnin.
14. Masu shakatawa na tsoka na gefe suna haifar da cikakkiyar shakatawa na tsokoki na kwarangwal. Zai iya haifar da mutuwa saboda shakatawar tsokoki na numfashi. Misalai: tubocurarinine, dithiline.
15. Masu shakatawa na tsakiya na tsakiya suna haifar da shakatawa na tsokoki na kwarangwal. Ba kamar na gefe ba, suna da ƙarancin tasiri akan numfashi kuma detoxification yana da wahala. Misalai: relaxin tsoka, phenylglycerin, benzimidazole.
16. Diuretics - yana haifar da hanzari mai kaifi a cikin zubar da mafitsara. Misali: furosemide.
17. Anestetiki - yana haifar da maganin sa barci a cikin mutane masu lafiya. Ya zuwa yanzu, yin amfani da wannan rukuni na abubuwa yana hana shi ta hanyar ƙananan ayyukan nazarin halittu na abubuwan da aka yi amfani da su. Misalai: isoflurane, halothane.
18. Magungunan gaskiya suna sa mutane su haɓaka yanayin da ba za su iya faɗin ƙarya da sane ba. Yanzu an nuna cewa wannan hanya ba ta tabbatar da cikakken gaskiyar mutum ba kuma amfani da shi yana da iyaka. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan ba abubuwa ba ne na mutum ɗaya, amma haɗuwa da barbiturates da stimulants.
19. Narcotic analgesics - a cikin allurai sama da na warkewa, suna da tasiri mara motsi. Mai iya haifar da jaraba. Misalai: fentanyl, carfentanil, 14-methoxymethopon, etorphine, dihydroetorphine.
20. Lalacewar ƙwaƙwalwa - Yana haifar da asarar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na ɗan lokaci. Sau da yawa mai guba. Misalai: cycloheximide, domoic acid, yawancin anticholinergics, wasu benzdiazepines.
21. Neuroleptics na haifar da koma bayan motsi da tunani a cikin mutane. Misali: haloperidol, spiperone, fluphenazine.
22. Masu hana MAO da ba za a iya jurewa ba rukuni ne na abubuwan da ke toshe monoamine oxidase. Sakamakon haka, lokacin cin abinci mai yawa amine na halitta (cuku, cakulan), ana haifar da rikicin hauhawar jini. Misali: nialamide, pargyline.
23. Za su suppressors - haifar da nakasu na ikon yanke shawara mai zaman kansa. Su abubuwa ne na kungiyoyi daban-daban. Misali: scopolamine.
24. Prurigens - yana haifar da itching maras haƙuri. Misali: 1,2-dithiocyanoethane.
25. Magunguna na Psychotomimetic suna haifar da ciwon hauka wanda ke dadewa na ɗan lokaci, wanda mutum ba zai iya yanke shawara mai kyau ba. Misali: BZ, LSD, mescaline, DMT, DOB, DOM, cannabinoids, PCP, psilocybin, DET, DMHP.
26. Laxatives suna haifar da hanzari mai kaifi a cikin zubar da abubuwan ciki na hanji. Tare da yin amfani da kwayoyi na tsawon lokaci a cikin wannan rukuni, gajiyawar jiki na iya tasowa. Misalai: bisacodyl.
27. Lachrymators (lacrimators) suna haifar da lacrimation mai tsanani da kuma rufe idanun mutum, wanda sakamakon haka mutum ya kasa ganin abin da ke faruwa a kusa da shi na dan lokaci kuma ya rasa ikonsa na yaki. Akwai daidaitattun abubuwa masu guba da ake amfani da su don tarwatsa zanga-zangar. Misalai: chloroacetofenone, bromoacetone, bromobenzyl cyanide, trialkyl gubar salts, ethyl bromoacetate, ethyliodoacetate, ortho-chlorobenzylidene malonodinitrile (CS).
28. Magungunan barci - yana sa mutum yayi barci. Misalai: flunitrazepam, barbiturates.
29. Sternites - yana haifar da atishawa da ba za a iya sarrafawa ba, wanda zai iya sa mutum ya jefar da abin rufe fuska. Akwai katunan rahoto. Misalai: adamsite, diphenylchloroarsine, diphenylcyanarsine.
30. Tremorgens - yana haifar da rikicewar tsokoki na kwarangwal. Misalai: tremorine, oxotremorine, tremorgenic mycotoxins.
31. Photosensitizers - yana ƙaruwa fata hankali ga hasken ultraviolet na hasken rana. Lokacin fita zuwa hasken rana, mutum na iya samun kuna mai raɗaɗi. Misalai: hypericin, furocoumarins.
32. Emetics (emetics) - haifar da gag reflex, sakamakon abin da kasancewa a cikin abin rufe fuska ya zama ba zai yiwu ba. Misalai: abubuwan da suka samo asali na apomorphine, staphylococcal enterotoxin B, PHNO, abubuwan aminotetralin.

Tunda wannan shine Habr, kuma wannan opus ba likitan kimiyya bane ya rubuta shi, babban janar a cikin ilmin sunadarai. sojoji, memba-cor. da sauransu da sauransu, sannan na dauki 'yancin yin kalubalantar wannan jeri.
Muhawarar za ta kasance gajere, mai gefe ɗaya, maras ƙwararru kuma ta musamman.Dole ne a yi amfani da "magungunan gaskiya" ta hanyar jini - kuma a lokaci guda dole ne a sami tasiri na tunani akan mutum. Yadda za a yi amfani da wannan a cikin yanayin fama? Kuma "misalan" suna da rikici sosai: alal misali, "castrator" gossypol shine polyphenol na halitta wanda ke da antiviral, antimicrobial, antiprotozoal, antioxidant Properties, da antitumor aiki. Ban taba ganin bayanin cewa ana amfani da shi don simintin sinadarai ba: ba hormone bane kamar cyproterone acetate, wanda zai sa ko da macho mutum ya girma nono, kuma ba antipsychotic kamar benperidol, wanda ya sa ba ku son komai. A fili, rawar da "castrators" a rage fama da ikon mawallafa ya canza sosai bayan da labarin Theon Greyjoy - da kyau, shi ke lafiya, daga baya ma ya nuna kansa da kyau sosai, a.

Shin abubuwa masu wari za su tsoratar da mayaka? Wani wanda bai taba zuwa bariki ya rubuta wannan ba.

Kuma scopolamine shine mai hanawa? Bugaga.

Don haka, ba zan yi ƙoƙarin samar da misalai daga wannan jerin ga kowane rukuni ba. Wataƙila sun wanzu, amma an rarraba su, watakila waɗannan su ne kawai tunanin marubutan da suka gabatar da su, ko watakila kawai ba na so))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))))

Har ila yau, na gundura da ƙungiyar masu tayar da hankali - wannan shine jimlar lachrymators (abin da ke sa su kuka) da ƙwanƙwasa (abin da ke sa su tari). Ba zan yi la'akari da irritants - na farko, akwai kuma matsala tare da su - ba su dadewa, musamman ma idan kun bar yankin da abin ya shafa, kuma tare da wasu, gazawar bazata na iya faruwa, musamman tare da CS a Vietnam (duk da haka, bayan defoliants. , Ba na jin wannan ita ce babbar matsala). To, abu na biyu, kamar yadda na fahimce shi, dogon karatu ya haifar da mai karatu)

Don haka, %username%, bari muyi magana game da abubuwa masu ban sha'awa da yawa!

Ba za a yi fareti a wannan karon ba, don haka bari kowa ya zaɓi abin da ya fi so.

Ftorotan (halothane)

Ftorotan shine mafi ban sha'awa, mai sauƙi kuma marar sha'awar rashin iyawa. Ruwa ne mara launi, mara ƙonewa kuma mai saurin jujjuyawar ruwa (tafafi kamar 50°C). Kamshi kamar chlorform.

Ana amfani da maganin sa barci na Fluorotane don ayyuka daban-daban, ciki har da ayyukan ciki (a kan gabobin ciki ko thoracic), a cikin yara da tsofaffi, da marasa lafiya tare da asma. Yin amfani da maganin sa barci na fluorotane yana da amfani musamman a lokuta inda ya kamata a guje wa tashin hankali da tashin hankali na mai haƙuri (misali, a cikin neurosurgery, ophthalmology, da dai sauransu). Don haifar da maganin sa barci, fara tare da samar da fluorothane a cikin wani taro na 0,5 vol.% (tare da oxygen), sannan a cikin minti 1,5-3 ƙara shi zuwa 3-4 vol. Don kula da matakin tiyata na maganin sa barci, ana amfani da maida hankali na 0,5-2 vol.%.

Lokacin amfani da fluorotane, hankali yawanci yana kashe mintuna 1-2 bayan fara shakar tururinsa. Bayan minti 3-5, matakin tiyata na maganin sa barci ya fara. Minti 3-5 bayan dakatar da samar da fluorotane, marasa lafiya sun fara farkawa. Ciwon ciki na saɓan jiki gaba ɗaya yana ɓacewa bayan mintuna 5-10 bayan maganin ɗan gajeren lokaci da mintuna 30-40 bayan maganin sa barci na dogon lokaci. Farin ciki ba kasafai ake bayyanawa ba. Babu haushin tsarin numfashi kwata-kwata.

Sun ce kada ku yi amfani da fluorotane, saboda a wasu lokuta yana haifar da mummunar lalacewar hanta (halothane hepatitis). Hepatitis yawanci yana faruwa a cikin mutane sama da shekaru 40, galibi a cikin mata fiye da maza. Sakamakon mai guba na fluorotane ba shine kawai ga tasirin kai tsaye ba, har ma da samuwar metabolites masu guba (trifluoroacetic acid, trifluoroethanol, trifluoroacetaldehyde).

Amma tun da tururin fluorotane yana da kusan sau 6,7 fiye da iska, an yi la'akari da shi a matsayin zaɓi na "gas mai barci", rashin amfani shine cewa kana buƙatar yin aiki da sauri, saboda bayan tururi ya watse, kowa zai farka a cikin minti 5.

Isoflurane yana da kaddarorin iri ɗaya.
isoflurane

Waɗannan su ne marasa ƙarfin matakin shiga. Amma sun gano babban rukuni na masana kimiyya - abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka na gajeren lokaci - jiki ko ilimin lissafi.

Wane kuma muke da shi a nan?

Apomorphine

To, tabbas apomorphine sananne ne ga waɗanda ke kashe kansu kuma sun sami aƙalla sau ɗaya sun sami guba na abinci. Ee, eh, wannan magani ne da ake samu daga morphine ta hanyar fallasa shi ga hydrochloric acid. A wannan yanayin, an kawar da yanayin gadar oxygen na alkaloids na morphine kuma, sakamakon sake tsara kwayoyin halitta, an kafa sabon fili mai zagaye hudu.

Duk masu shan miyagun ƙwayoyi ya kamata su tsaya kuma kada su gudu zuwa kantin magani - ko da yake apomorphine yana riƙe da wasu kaddarorin mahaifinsa, babban tasirinsa ya bambanta: yana da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi. 0,01 mg/kg yana haifar da abubuwan jin daɗi masu zuwa: da farko kai,% sunan mai amfani%, kamar kuna jin rashin lafiya: kodadde, gumi mai sanyi, tashin zuciya - idan baku taɓa jin ciwon teku ba, to ku ci gaba - ana ba ku tabbacin fahimtar yadda yake ji. Sa'an nan bayan kamar minti 3-10 za ku fara yin amai ba tare da katsewa ba. A'a, ba kamar "jifa" kamar wani lokaci bayan sha ba - a'a: a zahiri kuna zumunci tare da abokin farin ciki, wanda ke yiwuwa a wurin girmamawa a cikin ɗakin ku. Zai ɗauki kimanin sa'a guda don rungume shi kuma ya kira Ichthyander - kullum, tare da hutu mai wuya. Sa'an nan ya bar tafi - kadan rauni da kome zai wuce.

Yanzu ya bayyana dalilin da yasa ake amfani da apomorphine a azabtarwa don guba?

A bayyane yake cewa ƙwararren sojan da yake sha’awar ƙasarsa ta haihuwa ba shi da amfani sosai wajen yaƙi. Akwai koma baya ɗaya kawai: apomorphine dole ne a allura a cikin jini ko shaka cikin hanci. Don samun sakamako, kuna buƙatar sha mai yawa tare da ruwa (fiye da 10 MG) - kuma yana cikin capsule gelatin tare da ascorbic acid, in ba haka ba abun zai rushe cikin ciki. Ba zai yi aiki haka ba a cikin yaƙi.

Af, ana amfani da apomorphine sau da yawa don horar da cikakken barasa. Hanyar horarwa mai sauƙi ce: ana allurar apomorphine hydrochloride a ƙarƙashin fata a cikin kashi ɗaya na 0,002 g zuwa 0,01 g, kowane ɗayan yana zaɓar adadin da ke haifar da amai a cikin mara lafiya. Minti 3-4 bayan gudanar da apomorphine, ba mai haƙuri gilashin gilashin 30-50 ml na barasa wanda yake cin zarafi. Lokacin da tashin hankali ya fara, suna ba da shawarar shan ruwan abin sha, bayan haka sai a shaƙa shi kuma ku kurkura bakinka da shi. Lokacin da tashin hankali ya tsananta sosai kuma majiyyaci ya ji kusantowar amai, sai ya sake shan wani abin sha. Yawancin lokaci 1-15 mintuna bayan tashin hankali, amai yana tasowa. Ana gudanar da zaman sau 1-2 a rana. Pavlov ya yaba.

Akwai wasu abubuwa masu irin wannan tasirin. Ga misali mafi kusa:
Lycorin

Ba wanda ke karɓar lycorine, an keɓe shi: alkaloid ne da ake samu a yawancin tsire-tsire na dangin amaryllis, musamman a cikin tsire-tsire na Clivia, Crinum, Galanthus, da Ungernia.
Maganin yana da rauni kusan sau 50 fiye da apomorphine, amma yana haifar da amai ko da a yanayin guba tare da antipsychotics - shi ya sa ya shahara musamman a tsakanin masu kashe kansa.

Fentanyl

Ina da rashin son wannan sinadari, amma wannan wani labari ne. Fentanyl magani ne na narcotic analgesic. A cikin aikin likita ana amfani dashi a cikin hanyar citrate. Yana da ƙarfi, saurin analgesic sakamako. A cikin Rashanci, sun tsaya daga gare shi. Kuma mai karfi. Kamar tabar heroin.

Lokacin da ake gudanar da mahaifa ga dabbobi, yana haifar da analgesia a cikin allurai na dubbai zuwa ɗari na mg/kg. Tasirin yana faruwa a cikin mintuna 2-10. Matsakaicin kisa na fentanyl ga bera lokacin gudanar da shi ta hanyar jijiya shine LD50 = 3-5 mg/kg. Fentanyl yana haifar da asarar hankali a cikin mutane a kashi na baki na 0,05-0,1 mg/kg, kuma a kashi sama da 0,2 mg / kg, an riga an sami tashin hankali.

Da kyau, a bayyane yake cewa masu ilimin kimiyya masu ƙarfin zuciya ba su tsaya a fentanyl ba kuma sun fara neman abin da za su yi da shi don sa ya fito da sauri, mafi girma, da karfi. To, dole ne in ce - ya yi aiki. Wasu nasarori a ƙasa.

Carfentanil

Mafi mahimmancin nasara. Daya daga cikin mafi karfi opioids, daya na carfentanil yana da ƙarfi sau 100 fiye da adadin fentanyl, sau 5000 fiye da naúrar tabar heroin, kuma sau 10 ya fi ƙarfin naúrar morphine. Ayyukan analgesic na tsakiya na ED000 (wato, ya shafi 50% na batutuwa) don wannan abu lokacin da aka yi amfani da shi ta hanyar jini zuwa berayen shine 50 mcg / kg, matsakaicin kisa na LD0,41 (a nan 50% ya mutu) shine 50 mg / kg, fallasa akan jikin mutum yana farawa da 3,39 mcg.

A lokacin zaman lafiya, ana amfani da carfentanil a matsayin mai natsuwa ga giwaye: idan ka, % username%, ka ajiye giwa a gida, sannan ka sa ta barci, ka sani cewa miligram biyu na carfentanil sun isa. Ana samar da wannan abu ne ta hanyar kasuwanci: miyagun ƙwayoyi yana kan kasuwannin magunguna a ƙarƙashin sunan alamar Wildnil a matsayin maganin rigakafi na gabaɗaya wanda aka yi niyya ga manyan dabbobi - babban ƙarfin ba ya ba da shawarar amfani da shi a cikin mutane. Idan kuna sha'awar, mafi ƙarfi opioid a halin yanzu da ake amfani da shi don dalilai na likita a cikin mutane shine sufentanil, wanda yakai kusan sau 10-20 ƙasa da carfentanil. Af, ohmefentanil kuma ana amfani dashi ga dabbobi. Kuma a, duk waɗannan "siringes masu tashi" sun fito ne daga wannan batu.

Wani sanannen misali na amfani da carfentanil a cikin aikin likitancin dabbobi shine wani yanki na jerin shirye-shiryen tashoshi na Discovery Channel Animal Cops: Houston, wanda ya nuna yadda aka lalata beyar launin ruwan kasa da carfentanil (diluted cikin zuma) don a ɗauke shi lafiya daga m mai zaman kansa a kudu Texas zuwa Houston Zoo.

A cewar wasu kwararru da jami’an tsaron kasar Rasha ba su tabbatar da hakan ba, an yi amfani da iska mai dauke da sinadarin Carfentanil a lokacin harin da aka kai a cibiyar wasan kwaikwayo ta Dubrovka da ke birnin Moscow a shekara ta 2002 don rage yiwuwar ‘yan ta’adda su tayar da bama-bamai. An ƙaddamar da wannan ƙaddamarwa daga gaskiyar cewa an ba da umarnin sabis na likita na gaggawa (tare da jinkiri kuma ba tare da bayyana yanayin wakili ba) don amfani da antagonists na opioid. Saboda rashin bayanai, likitoci ba za su iya samar da dabarun farfadowa ba da kuma samar da isassun adadin naloxone da naltrexone da aka yi amfani da su don waɗannan dalilai don samun nasarar taimakawa duk wadanda abin ya shafa. Zaton cewa carfentanil shine kawai abin da ke aiki na aerosol na hypnotic, babban dalilin mutuwa na iya kasancewa kamawar numfashi ta hanyar opioid-induced, wanda idan aka yi amfani da numfashi na wucin gadi da masu adawa da shi a cikin gida (maimakon jigilar zuwa asibitoci) na iya ceton rayukan yawancin mutane. ko kuma duk wadanda abin ya shafa.

Bari in sake jaddada cewa: Ban kasance a wurin ba, ina rubuta abin da ke cikin buɗaɗɗen madogararsa, don haka zan ce har yanzu akwai ra'ayoyin cewa:

• Ba carfentanil aka yi amfani da shi ba, amma 3-methylfentanyl (zai kasance a ƙasa).
• An yi amfani da Fluorothane (ya fi girma).
• An yi amfani da BZ (zai kasance gaba ɗaya a ƙasa).

A takaice,% username%, idan kuna da ƙarin tambayoyi game da wannan, kira +74952242222.

Alfentanil

Alfentanil shine kanin carfentanil. A kashi na 0,0025 mg / kg, mutane suna fuskantar rawar jiki, kuma a kashi na 0,175 mg / kg, mutum ya zama mara motsi 4-5 mintuna bayan gudanarwa. An ba da rahoton cewa, Cibiyar Shari'a ta Amurka, a cikin binciken da ta yi na gano abubuwan da za su iya kawar da masu laifi ba tare da cutar da su ba, sun yi amfani da alfentanil. Ya bayyana, duk da haka, cewa idan kun wuce maganin warkewa da sau 4, akwai haɗarin kama numfashi mai mutuwa. A ƙarshe, masu binciken dole ne su watsar da gwaje-gwaje tare da alfentanil kuma su nemo abubuwa mafi aminci. 1972-methylfentanyl, hadawa a cikin 3, ya zama sananne musamman - mai karfi magani da analgesic, 500-2000 sau fiye da aiki fiye da tabar heroin. Lokacin da aka gudanar ta hanyar inhalation, matakin aikin 3-methylfentanyl ya fi yawan psychomimetics.

3-methylfentanyl

Sanin game da kaddarorin fentanyl, wasu sun yanke shawarar yin nasu guba tare da yin aiki da karuwai - kuma α-methylfentanyl ya bayyana. Wannan kayan magani ne mara kyau, mafi sauƙin haɗawa tsakanin duk abubuwan da aka samo na fentanyl. Siffofin: halakar da rayukan waɗanda suka yarda da shi, kuma wadanda suke yi. A bisa ka'ida, ba zan rubuta komai game da shi ba. Yi haƙuri, % username%.

A hanyar, don yin motsi, ba dole ba ne ka zubar da shi cike da kwayoyi. Abun da ke biyo baya shima yana da tasiri mara motsi:

0,001 mg/kg yana haifar da rashin ƙarfi na jiki, kodayake yana wucewa da sauri. Don zama mai rauni har abada, kuna buƙatar cin abinci mai yawa: kashi mai guba shine sau 1000 mafi girma.
Gaskiya: Na riga na manta da ƙananan sunan yau da kullum na wannan abu, amma na sami dabara. Yi amfani da shi.

Muna ƙara haɓaka, % username%!

Sernil

Sernyl, ko phencyclidine, ko SN bisa ga nomenclature na sabis na waje a cikin allurai na 0,03-1 mg / kg, bayan wani lokaci na latent aiki na har zuwa sa'a daya, ya fara aiki sosai ban dariya: akwai wani lokaci-lokaci canji a cikin jihar. na tashin hankali da damuwa. Ban san yadda zan isar da wannan kewayon ji ba, amma a ƙarshe jiki yana gajiya da sauri. Akwai jin kadaici mai zurfi da kadaici, sannan - rashin tausayi da gaba. Sa'o'i 8-10 bayan karbar sernil, alamun sun bambanta kadan daga waɗanda ke cikin schizophrenia.

Idan kun yi yawa kadan, to a 2 mg / kg catalepsy yana yiwuwa har zuwa kwanaki 3. Wannan shine lokacin da kuke zaune, duba ta taga kuma kada ku motsa. Amma akwai fa'idodi - zaku iya nunawa a wasu gallery ...

An halicci wannan abin al'ajabi a cikin 1950s a Amurka kuma an fara amfani da shi don dalilai na likita har zuwa 1965. Tun daga 1979, an dakatar da sernyl don amfani da samarwa.

Af, wani yanki mai ban sha'awa na yadi zai iya sanin sulfur a matsayin PCP, Peace pill, Mala'ikan kura - eh, "Aria" yana waka game da shi, HOG, Killer weed, KJ, Ruwan ƙararrawa, man roka, Sherms, da sauransu.

Sernil da sauri yana haifar da jaraba, ƙari, wannan abokin tarayya yana da kishin sauran hanyoyin jin daɗin duniya: a hade tare da wasu abubuwa - alal misali, barasa, marijuana ko benzodiazepines - yana iya haifar da suma.

Abokin Sernil kuma abokin aikin shi ne:
Wasu zage-zage

Wannan shi ne abu na biyu wanda na manta da ƙaramin suna. Yanzu kun san rubutun hannuna mai banƙyama, % username%! Ku yi imani da ni, wannan ya fi kowane guba muni.

Wannan datti a cikin allurai na 60-210 mcg/kg yana aiki a cikin sa'o'i 0,5-2 idan an sha baki, kuma idan an shayar da shi ko allura, sannan bayan minti 5. A matsakaita, 5 MG kawai ake buƙata ga kowane mutum.

Lokacin da abin ya shafa, alamun suna kama da sernil sosai. Ba da da ewa bayan maye, rauni, dizziness, rawar jiki da tsokar tsoka za su bayyana, sa'an nan kuma tashin zuciya, numbness a baki da kuma rashin magana. Kuma a cikin kimanin sa'a guda babban abu zai fara. Ƙarfin tattarawa da tunani, ma'anar lokaci da sarari za a rasa. Haɗin kai yana da lahani, yanayin ra'ayi yana gurbata. Kuma mafi mahimmanci: hallucinations. Mai launi. Auditory da na gani. Amma matsalar ita ce, kowa yana da muni. Dangane da yanayin jin tsoro da firgita, wannan wani abu ne. Za ku ji tsoro, ku ji kuma ku ga abin da kuke jin tsoro na tsawon sa'o'i 5-6, kuma idan kun yi sa'a don kama 200 mcg/kg ko fiye, cikakkiyar ɓarna yana faruwa, ku,% sunan mai amfani%, ba % Sunan mai amfani% - amma ƙarami, mai ban tsoro, mai girgiza halitta mai kuka, kuka kuma mai TSORO. Ba abin farin ciki ba ne?

Abin farin ciki sosai cewa shahararrun masu rashin ƙarfi na psychotropic suna da alaƙa da tasirin hallucinogenic.

Don haka, mu hadu - LSD

Af, bayan kalmar "LSD" sunan wannan fitacciyar - D-lysergic acid N, N-diethylamide. To, yana kama da ana kiran ku da sunan farko da sunan baban ku.

Haƙiƙa,%username%%, ban san ta yaya ko me yasa ba.A ranar 16 ga Nuwamba,1938, masanin kimiyar Switzerland Albert Hofmann a Basel ya sami LSD-25 daga lysergic acid (25 domin shine fili na 25 da ya haɗa). Dan Adam ya riga ya sani game da guba na ergotoxins daga ergot; Arthur Stoll a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje na Sandoz ya ma ware ergotamine daga sclerotia a cikin 1918 - amma sun yi nazarinsa a cikin hasken tasirinsa mai ban sha'awa a kan tsokoki na mahaifa. Ba na tsammanin Hofmann yana da matsala tare da mahaifarsa, amma wata hanya ko wata, ya sami LSD. Tafada masa (ko da yake ya riga ya mutu, amma ba daga wannan ba).

Don haka, a ranar 19 ga Afrilu, 1943, Hofmann, kamar masanin kimiyya na gaskiya (hmm?), ya karɓi abin da ya haɗa. 250 micrograms. Sakamakon: bayan dan lokaci, dizziness da damuwa sun fara bayyana. Ba da daɗewa ba tasirin ya yi ƙarfi sosai har Albert ya daina samar da jimloli masu jituwa kuma, mataimakinsa ya lura, ya sanar da gwajin, ya hau gida a kan kekensa. Tafiya ta zama mai ban sha'awa: Hankalin Hofmann - tuki a hankali - bai dace da manufar ba: ya tuka kamar alade mai motsa jiki. A lokaci guda kuma, sanannen boulevard a kan hanyar zuwa gidan ya juya ga Hofmann a cikin zanen Salvador Dali: ya zama kamar cewa gine-ginen an rufe shi da ƙananan ripples.

Bayan Hofmann ya isa gida, ya tambayi mataimakinsa ya kira likita ya tambayi makwabcinsa madara, wanda ya zaba a matsayin maganin guba gaba ɗaya.

Likitan da ke zuwa bai iya samun wata matsala ba a cikin majiyyaci, sai ga yara da suka fashe. Duk da haka, tsawon sa'o'i da yawa, Hofmann ya kasance a cikin yanayi mai ban sha'awa: yana kama da shi cewa aljanu sun kama shi, maƙwabcinsa mayya ne, kuma kayan da ke cikin gidansa suna yi masa barazana. Sa'an nan kuma jin damuwa ya koma baya, kuma an maye gurbinsu da hotuna masu launi da yawa a cikin nau'i na da'ira da karkace, wanda ba ya ɓace ko da idanu masu rufewa. Hofmann ya kuma ce ya tsinkayi karar wata mota da ke wucewa ta sigar hoton gani.

A ranar 22 ga Afrilu, ya rubuta game da gwajinsa da gogewarsa, kuma daga baya ya haɗa wannan bayanin a cikin littafinsa LSD - My Problem Child.

A cikin gabatarwar littafinsa, Hofmann ya rubuta, musamman, cewa ya zama masanin kimiyyar sinadarai saboda sha'awarsa ta cikakkiyar haɗin kai da yanayi. Ya kasance yana neman abubuwan da ke faɗaɗa ikon mutum don fahimtar duniyar da ke kewaye da shi gaba ɗaya. Duk da haka, a lokacin rubuta littafin, masanin kimiyyar ya riga ya san cewa haɗin da ya gano ba kawai yana faɗaɗa sani ba, amma yana iya lalata tunanin ɗan adam, yana haifar da mummunan sakamako.

"Sakamakon abubuwan da suka shafi sufi da gangan, musamman tare da taimakon LSD da makamantansu na hallucinogens, idan aka kwatanta da abubuwan hangen nesa ba zato ba tsammani, yana haifar da haɗari waɗanda ba za a iya yin la'akari da su ba. Dole ne masu aiki su yi la'akari da wasu tasirin waɗannan abubuwa, wato ikon su na yin tasiri ga wayewarmu, mafi zurfin jigon kanmu. Tarihin LSD har zuwa yau yana nuna mummunan sakamakon da zai iya faruwa lokacin da aka yi la'akari da zurfin tasirinsa kuma ana ganin abu a matsayin maganin da za a sha don jin dadi. Amfani da rashin amfani da rashin dacewa ya sanya LSD matsala ta yaro."

- "LSD shine yaro mai matsala", A. Hofmann.

Duk da haka, tun daga lokacin, 19 ga Afrilu, 1943, wasu mabiyan sun kira “Ranar Keke” har ma suna bikinta. Ta hanyar kaina.
Tambari don girmama biki. Menene a wancan gefen tambarin - zato?

Tsarin aikin LSD yana da rikitarwa sosai. Da farko dai, wannan abu shine tsarin tsarin tsarin serotonin, neurotransmitter wanda ke daidaita yanayin hutu, barci da ajiyar makamashi. Sakamakon antiserotonin na LSD yana haifar da hallucinations. Bugu da ƙari ga ƙananan ƙayyadaddun serotoninolytic (wani abu da ke toshe masu karɓa na synapses na jijiyoyi wanda matsakanci shine serotonin), LSD kuma yana da tasirin hanawa akan monoamine oxidase (MAO) na serotonin, da kuma akan MAO na sauran masu shiga tsakani. γ-aminobutyric acid, histamine da norepinephrine. A takaice dai, tasirin ya bambanta sosai kuma dole ne a ce ba a yi cikakken nazari ba.

Na ɗan lokaci an ɗauka cewa nazarin sabon magani zai ba da haske game da yanayin schizophrenia, wanda kuma yana da matsaloli tare da aikin serotonin. Duk da haka, da yawa masana kimiyya ba su yi imani da cewa psychedelic da schizophrenic psychosis sun kasance iri ɗaya. Duk da wasu kamanceceniya, an karyata hasashen yanayi guda ɗaya na schizophrenia da aikin LSD.

Wata hanya ko wata, a cikin 1960s, LSD bincike da aka za'ayi rayayye - kuma yanzu ina magana ne game da cikakken zaman lafiya binciken da masana kimiyya a jami'o'i a Amurka da sauran kasashe. Shahararrun karatun sune Stanislav Grof da Timothy Leary. A karshen ya rayayye inganta wannan psychotropic abu, kamar yadda ya yi imani da cewa m sakamakon da ya wuce yiwuwar illa. Bugu da kari, ya bai wa wasu dalibai LSD ba tare da gargadin sunanta ba, kamar yadda aka saba yi a lokacin nazarin masu tabin hankali a wannan lokacin. Daga baya, hukumomi sun tsananta wa Timothy Leary, ciki har da saboda matsananciyar matsayinsa a kan fa'idodin “faɗawar hankali” ga mutane.

A shekara ta 1977, yayin zaman majalisar dattijan Amurka, Daraktan CIA Stansfield Turner ya yarda cewa CIA na gudanar da gwaje-gwaje masu yawa ta amfani da LSD akan mutane ba tare da izininsu ko saninsu ba tun farkon shekarun 1960 (shirin MK Ultra). Yawancin Amirkawa an yi wa irin waɗannan gwaje-gwajen, daga cikinsu akwai, musamman, fursunoni, marasa lafiya a asibitocin tabin hankali da marasa lafiya a cibiyoyin ciwon daji, ma'aikatan jinya, da "sauran ma'aikatan kiwon lafiya." A lokaci guda, wasu batutuwa na gwaji “sun bayyana alamun farko na schizophrenia.”

Guguwar hauka don abubuwan psychotropic da LSD sun mamaye duk faɗin Amurka, wanda ya yi tasiri sosai akan samuwar ƙima na shekarun sittin da saba'in. Kalmar Dr. Leary ta zama sananne sosai kuma ta zama taken masu goyon bayan amfani da ilimin hauka: "Kuna, kunna, ku fita." Kalmar “faɗuwa” na nufin fita daga ɗabi’u masu ra’ayin mazan jiya da salon rayuwar babban ɓangaren al’umma.

A cikin 1966, an hana samarwa, rarrabawa da amfani da su a Amurka. An hana maganin ko da don binciken dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Kuma ba shakka mutane masu kirki sun ƙaunaci LSD.

• Lokacin da The Beatles ya naɗa waƙar "Lucy in the Sky with Diamonds", John Lennon ya bayyana asalin sunan waƙar da cewa ɗansa Julian ya yi baftisma zanensa haka. Duk da haka, da yawa sun ga a cikin wannan sunan alamar maganin LSD, domin wannan shi ne taƙaitaccen haruffan farko, kuma BBC ta dakatar da waƙar gaba ɗaya daga juyawa. Daga baya Paul McCartney ya ce tasirin LSD akan wannan waƙar a bayyane yake.
• Magoya bayan LSD sun haɗa da ƙwararrun masana kimiyya kamar Francis Crick, ɗaya daga cikin majagaba a cikin nazarin tsari da ayyukan DNA, da Stanislav Grof, wanda ya yi nazarin ilimin halin ɗan adam. Steve Jobs da Bill Gates suma sun yi amfani da maganin. Ayyuka ya kwatanta kwarewar LSD a matsayin "daya daga cikin abubuwa biyu ko uku mafi mahimmanci da na taba yi a rayuwata." Af, Ayyuka sun mutu sakamakon ciwon daji na pancreatic, kuma Gates yana daya daga cikin masu rikodin adadin kudaden da aka ba da gudummawa ga agaji. Wataƙila wannan ba shi da alaƙa da shi.
• Sanannen abu ne cewa LSD ne aka yi amfani da shi "don wahayi" daga shahararrun marubutan duniya Aldous Huxley ("Brave New World"), Kurt Vonnegut ("Cat's Cradle"), Ken Kesey ("Daya ya tashi a kan Cuckoo's). Nest"), da kuma wasu mawaƙa kamar John Lennon, Syd Barrett, Jim Morrison da sauransu.
• Af, a cikin fim din "Black Mirror. Bandersnatch" jarumi da abokinsa sun fuskanci tasirin LSD sosai da ainihin abu.

Amma mu koma kan batunmu. A lokacin da aka gano LSD, sojoji da sabis na leken asiri suna da jerin jerin abubuwa iri-iri na shirye-shiryen da aka yi da irin wannan sakamako: mescaline, psilocybin, TMA, THC, nalorphine, harmine, DOM, DMT, ibotenic acid. Ko da N, N-dimethylamide guda ɗaya na acetic acid - kuma a 400 mg / kg yana haifar da ciki, hasara na daidaitawa, hangen nesa na gani, delirium da lethargy - kuma a dogara, don kwanaki 7!

Amma har yanzu sun zaɓi LSD. Me yasa?

• Don amintaccen tserewa, 0,1-0,2 MG da teetotaler da 0,3-0,5 MG ga kowane mai sha ya isa (e, haka ne!). WANNAN KADAN NE! Abin da ya sa a wurare masu ban sha'awa ba sa sayar da allunan LSD-suna sayar da samfuran da, idan kun lasa su, ana ba ku tabbacin samun adadin da ya dace.
• LSD yana narkewa sosai a cikin ruwa (a cikin nau'in tartrate) kuma yana da tsayi sosai.
• Matsakaicin kisa shine kusan MG 100 ga kowane mutum, wanda shine sau 500-1000 sama da ingantaccen kashi. Yana da wuya a kashe (amma ta hanyar, 1 cikin 3 mutane sun farka daga N, N-dimethylamide na acetic acid da aka ambata a sama).
• Babu tasirin tarawa.
• Babu al'ada - aƙalla a ilimin lissafi.
• "Ya tafi" aƙalla sa'o'i 5 - matsakaicin kwanaki 2.

Don haka miyagun ƙwayoyi ba wai kawai ya sami hanyar shiga cikin tarihin ba, amma kuma an karbe shi a ƙarƙashin lambar LSD mai fahimta kuma bayyananne. Sun kuma hada analogues! Gaskiya ne, duk sun kasance ba su yi nasara ba.
Babban analogues na LSD (a cikin ƙididdiga ayyukansu na hallucinogenic dangane da LSD a cikin %)

• 2-bromo-LSD (7%, tasirin ya bayyana a cikin kawai 2% na batutuwa, 1,5 sau mafi aiki antiserotonin fiye da LSD, raguwa - BOL);
• lysergic acid (0%);
• Lysergic acid dimethylamide (10%);
• lysergic acid monoethylamide (5-10%);
• lysergic acid morpholide (30%);
• 1-acetyl-LSD (100%, amma tsawon lokacin aikin shine sau 2-3 ya fi guntu, kuma tasirin vegetative ya fi bayyana, nadi - ALD-52);
• 1-methyl-LSD (36%, 4 sau fiye da aiki fiye da LSD dangane da aikin antiserotonin);
• 1-methoxy-LSD (66%);
• lysergic acid pyrrolidide (5%).

Rashin hasara na LSD zai kasance a bayyane: ana buƙatar ergot don haɗuwa, dole ne a girma, ya samar da acid lysergic kadan - samfurin yana da tsada. An fara neman abin da ba zai zama mafi muni ba. Duk da haka mun same shi!
BZ

A'a,% sunan mai amfani%, "BZ" bashi da alaƙa da kowane sauti na asalin halitta. Kuma gaskiyar cewa "BZ", lokacin da akwai kuskure tare da shimfidawa, ya zama "YA" kawai daidaituwa. Wataƙila.

BZ - benzyl acid 3-quinuclidyl ester wani psychotomimetic ne daga rukunin glycolate.
Kamfanin harhada magunguna na kasar Switzerland Hoffman-LaRoche ne ya kirkiro shi a shekarar 1951 - kamfanin yana binciken magungunan antispasmodic don maganin cututtukan ciki. Kuma abin da ya zama wanda bai dace da ulcers ba ya juya ya zama mai dacewa da wasu dalilai (da kyau, tare da Viagra, ta hanyar, irin wannan abu ya faru).

A wannan lokacin, sojojin Amurka sun yi ta zage-zage don gano yiwuwar marasa lafiya, magungunan da ba su da ƙarfi, ciki har da magungunan psychedelic irin su LSD da THC, magungunan dissociative irin su ketamine da phencyclidine, m opioids kamar fentanyl, da dama glycolate anticholinergics kudi. . Kuma a lokacin ne na samu sa'a.

Tun da farko an sanya wa wannan magani sunan “TK”, amma lokacin da Sojoji suka daidaita shi a shekarar 1961, ta sami sunan lambar NATO “BZ”. Wakilin da aka fi sani da "Buzz" saboda wannan gajarta da tasirin da yake da shi a kan yanayin tunanin masu bincike na ɗan adam a Edgewood Arsenal a Maryland.

A cikin 1962, a sansanin soja na Pine Bluff (Arkansas), an ƙaddamar da shigarwa don samar da kayan BZ akan sikelin masana'antu. An yi la'akari da tasirinta na yaƙi yayin gwajin filin da aka kammala a 1966.

Tun da BZ wani farin kristal ne mai narkewa na 190 ° C, ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙarfi da kwanciyar hankali mai ƙarfi, an yi amfani da bama-bamai na gungu waɗanda bama-bamai na “shan taba” na pyrotechnic ya tarwatsa tare da BZ sama da kusan kadada 1,2. Har ila yau, akwai "janeneta" da aka cika da 5-6 kg na BZ. Hakanan an yi la'akari da zaɓin gurɓatawa daga shrapnel, harsasai, da sauran abubuwa.

BZ yana aiki a cikin nau'i na aerosol a kusan 110 MG * min / l - kuma yana da wuya a kashe tare da wannan abu; an lura cewa rukunin haɗari ya haɗa da tsofaffi, yara da mutanen da ke fama da cututtuka na numfashi.

Farkon farawa ya saba: ƙananan yara, bushe baki, ƙara yawan bugun zuciya. Bayan minti 30-60, babban aikin wasan kwaikwayo ya fara: raunin hankali da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, rage halayen halayen waje, furta bakin ciki da damuwa a cikin yanayi. Bayan sa'o'i 1-4, ana lura da tachycardia mai tsanani, rudani, da asarar hulɗa da duniyar waje. Halucination yana da ƙarfi sosai wanda mai rashin tausayi ba zai iya fahimtar ainihin abin da ke faruwa da abin da yake tsammani ba. Wannan abin farin ciki ne mai yawa,% sunan mai amfani%. Za ku so ku yi dariya, tsine.

A sakamakon haka, m negativism tasowa: mutum ya yi akasin abin da aka ba shi shawara. Kuma sau da yawa - tare da fushin fushi. Wannan hauka yana ɗaukar har zuwa kwanaki 4-5, raunin da ya rage - har zuwa makonni 2-3. Rashin ɓarna ko cikakken ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya yana yiwuwa.

Tsarin aikin BZ ba shi da ƙarancin rikitarwa fiye da na LSD. BZ shine antagonist na muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, wato, a zahiri yana da anticholinergic wanda ke rushe watsawar jijiyoyi tare da sa hannu na acetylcholine - eh,% sunan mai amfani%, kamar VX, amma akwai nuances. Nuance shine babban rabo na mai guba zuwa tasiri mai tasiri: don BZ wannan rabo shine kusan sau 40 (kewaye daga sau 32 zuwa 384), wato, a zahiri, tasirin BZ shine ɗan ƙaramin guba. A takaice dai, shaidan da kansa zai karya ƙafarsa, amma Datura, diphenhydramine da taren (aprofen) 'yan'uwa ne a cikin tsarin aiki tare da BZ. To, watakila ba dangi bane, amma tabbas 'yan uwa.

Akwai ambaton abin da ake amfani da shi a lokacin Yaƙin Vietnam, amma sakamakon kawai an ba da rahoton ya zama "mai gamsarwa."

An yi imanin cewa Paul Robeson ya kasance guba tare da BZ a 1961, wanda ya haifar da tashin hankali da damuwa mai tsanani.

A cikin Fabrairun 1998, Ma'aikatar Tsaro ta Burtaniya ta zargi Iraki da adana adadi mai yawa na glycolate anticholinergic "Agent 15". Ana zargin wakilin 15 da sinadarai ko dai yayi kama da ko kuma yana da alaƙa da BZ, kuma an adana shi da yawa kafin da lokacin yakin Gulf. Duk da haka, bayan yakin, CIA ta yanke shawarar cewa Iraki ba ta tattara ko ba da Agent 15 ba.

A cikin Janairun 2013, wani jami'in gwamnatin Amurka da ba a bayyana ba, yana ambaton wata kebul na Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Amurka da ba a bayyana ba, ya bayyana cewa "Labarun Siriya sun ba da shaida mai karfi cewa Agent 15, wani sinadarin hallucinogenic mai kama da BZ, an yi amfani da shi a Homs." Sai dai a martanin da kakakin kwamitin tsaron Amurka ya yi kan wadannan rahotannin ya ce: "Rahotanni da muka gani daga kafafen yada labarai game da zargin aikata makami mai guba a Siriya ba su yi daidai da abin da muka yi imani da shi ba gaskiya ne game da shirin na Siriya. " Ana kuma zargin an yi amfani da sinadarin ne a harin na Ghouta na watan Agustan 2013.

A ranar 14 ga Afrilu, 2018, Ministan Harkokin Wajen Rasha Sergei Lavrov ya sanar da cewa, kwararru daga cibiyar nazarin rediyo da sinadarai ta kasar Switzerland a birnin Spiez, wadanda suka yi nazari kan samfurori daga kungiyar da ke haramta amfani da makami mai guba daga wurin da aka yi amfani da guba. Sergei da Yulia Skripal a Salisbury, sun sami alamun BZ. A ranar 18 ga Afrilu, a taron majalisar zartarwa ta OPCW, babban daraktanta, Ahmet Üzümcü, ya bayyana cewa an yi amfani da precursor na BZ a matsayin samfurin sarrafawa don duba ingancin dakunan gwaje-gwaje kuma ba shi da alaƙa da samfuran da aka samo daga Salisbury.

Kamar yadda suke rubuta, a cikin 1988-1990, duk ajiyar BZ a Amurka an lalata su tare da samar da masana'antu. Yanzu kawai samar da matukin jirgi a duniya, wanda yake a cikin birnin Edgewood (Amurka), yana ba da damar samar da har zuwa ton 20 / shekara, yayin da a waje da Amurka jimillar ƙarfin samarwa ba ya kai ton 1 / shekara, tunda matsalar. Ba a warware shi ta wannan hanya ba tare da ingantaccen samar da precursor - 3-quinuclidol. To, haka suke cewa, ban sani ba. Amma na san cewa an yi ƙoƙari na maye gurbin - wanda ya fi shahara shine dithran.
Ditran shine ainihin cakuda wannan abun da ke ciki

A kashi na 5-15 MG, an yi imanin wannan cakuda zai haifar da bayyanar cututtuka irin su BZ, tasowa a cikin sa'a daya.

A halin yanzu, psychotropic kwayoyi ba a hukumance a sabis tare da kasashe a duniya. Amma tun da na lura da wasu abubuwan da suka faru a cikin ƙasashe maƙwabta ba da yawa ba, ina shakkar cewa haka ne. Ƙila sojojin ba su da su, amma a fili ayyukan leken asirin suna aiki.

To, haka labarin ya kasance.

Bari mu ga idan kuna son shi, % username%. Ba za a yi zabe ba a wannan lokacin - duk abin da za a nuna ta hanyar ƙimar labarin.

Abin baƙin cikin shine, a ranar Asabar zan fara wani lokaci mai tsawo kuma ba dogon tafiye-tafiye na kasuwanci ba - don haka za a sami ɗan lokaci don ƙirƙira - Zan tafi wani sabon sabbatical. Kuma da yake akwai ɗan lokaci kaɗan, kuma a yanzu akwai labari guda ɗaya ko žasa da aka kafa a cikin kaina game da yellow phosphorus da hatsarin da ke kusa da Lvov da ke hade da shi, to, idan har yanzu ina da ban sha'awa, zan raba wannan labarin. da kai.

To, idan ba haka ba, da kyau, na yi kokari.

Sa'a kuma kada ku damu! Ba a zahiri ko a hankali ba...

source: www.habr.com