A daya daga cikin hirarrakin an yi min tambaya:
- Akwai wani abu da zan iya karanta game da yadda ake shirya sabobin da kyau a cikin racks?
Na gane cewa ban san irin wannan rubutu ba, don haka na rubuta nawa.
Da fari dai, wannan rubutu game da sabar jiki ne a cibiyoyin bayanan jiki (DCs). Na biyu, mun yi imanin cewa akwai sabobin da yawa: ɗaruruwan-dubbai; ga ƙaramin adadin wannan rubutun ba ya da ma'ana. Na uku, mun yi la'akari da cewa muna da ƙuntatawa guda uku: sarari na jiki a cikin raƙuman, samar da wutar lantarki a kowane rak, kuma bari racks su tsaya a cikin layuka domin mu iya amfani da maɓallin ToR guda ɗaya don haɗa sabobin a cikin racks masu kusa.
Amsar tambayar ta dogara sosai akan wane siga da muke haɓakawa da abin da zamu iya bambanta don cimma sakamako mafi kyau. Misali, kawai muna buƙatar ɗaukar ƙaramin sarari don barin ƙari don ƙarin girma. Ko wataƙila muna da 'yanci a zabar tsayin raƙuman ruwa, wutar lantarki ta kowane rake, kwasfa a cikin PDU, adadin raka'a a cikin rukuni na masu sauyawa (canjin guda ɗaya don 1, 2 ko 3 racks), tsawon wayoyi da aikin ja ( wannan yana da mahimmanci a ƙarshen layuka: tare da racks 10 a jere da 3 racks a kowane canji, dole ne ku ja wayoyi zuwa wani layi ko rashin amfani da tashar jiragen ruwa a cikin sauyawa), da dai sauransu, da dai sauransu. Labarun dabam: zaɓi na sabobin da zaɓi na DCs, za mu ɗauka cewa an zaɓi su.
Zai yi kyau a fahimci wasu nuances da cikakkun bayanai, musamman, matsakaicin / matsakaicin yawan amfani da sabobin, da kuma yadda ake ba mu wutar lantarki. Don haka, idan muna da wutar lantarki na Rasha na 230V da kashi ɗaya a kowace tara, to injin 32A zai iya ɗaukar ~ 7kW. Bari mu ce muna biyan kuɗi 6kW a kowane tara. Idan mai ba da sabis yana auna yawan amfani da mu kawai don jere na rakiyar 10, kuma ba ga kowane fasinja ba, kuma idan an saita na'ura a wani yanki na 7 kW, to a zahiri zamu iya cinye 6.9 kW a cikin tara guda, 5.1 kW a cikin wani kuma komai zai yi kyau - ba za a hukunta shi ba.
Yawanci babban burin mu shine rage farashi. Mafi kyawun ma'auni don aunawa shine ragewa a cikin TCO (jimlar farashin mallaka). Ya ƙunshi abubuwa kamar haka:
- CAPEX: siyan kayan aikin DC, sabobin, kayan aikin cibiyar sadarwa da cabling
- OPEX: haya DC, amfani da wutar lantarki, kulawa. OPEX ya dogara da rayuwar sabis. Yana da kyau a ɗauka cewa shekaru 3 ne.
Dangane da girman girman guda ɗaya a cikin kek ɗin gabaɗaya, muna buƙatar haɓaka mafi tsada, kuma bari sauran su yi amfani da duk sauran albarkatu yadda ya kamata.
Bari mu ce muna da DC data kasance, akwai tsayin rack na raka'a H (misali, H=47), wutar lantarki a kowane rack Prack (Prack=6kW), kuma mun yanke shawarar amfani da h=2U sabobin raka'a biyu. Za mu cire raka'a 2..4 daga raka don sauyawa, facin faci da masu shiryawa. Wadancan. a zahiri, muna da Sh = rounddown ((H-2..4) / h) sabobin a cikin rack ɗin mu (watau Sh = zagaye ((47-4)/2) = sabar 21 a kowane rack). Mu tuna wannan Sh.
A cikin yanayi mai sauƙi, duk sabar da ke cikin rak ɗin suna iri ɗaya ne. Gabaɗaya, idan muka cika rack tare da sabobin, to akan kowane sabar za mu iya kashewa akan matsakaicin ikon Pserv = Prack/Sh (Pserv = 6000W/21 = 287W). Don sauƙi, mun yi watsi da amfani da canji a nan.
Bari mu ɗauki mataki gefe kuma mu tantance menene matsakaicin yawan amfanin Pmax na uwar garken. Idan yana da sauqi qwarai, mara inganci kuma gaba ɗaya lafiya, to, mun karanta abin da aka rubuta akan wutar lantarki ta uwar garken - wannan shine.
Idan ya fi rikitarwa kuma ya fi dacewa, to, muna ɗaukar TDP (kunshin ƙira na thermal) na duk abubuwan da aka gyara kuma mu taƙaita shi (wannan ba gaskiya bane, amma yana yiwuwa).
Yawancin lokaci ba mu san TDP na abubuwan da aka gyara ba (ban da CPU), don haka muna ɗaukar mafi daidai, amma kuma mafi rikitarwa tsarin (muna buƙatar dakin gwaje-gwaje) - muna ɗaukar uwar garken gwaji na tsarin da ake buƙata kuma mu loda shi, misali, tare da Linpack (CPU da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya) da fio (faifai) , muna auna yawan amfani. Idan muka dauke shi da mahimmanci, muna kuma buƙatar ƙirƙirar yanayi mafi zafi a cikin layin sanyi yayin gwaje-gwaje, saboda wannan zai shafi duka fan da amfani da CPU. Muna samun iyakar amfani da takamaiman uwar garken tare da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun yanayi a ƙarƙashin wannan takamaiman nauyin. Muna nufin kawai sabon tsarin firmware, wani nau'in software na daban, da sauran yanayi na iya shafar sakamakon.
Don haka, komawa zuwa Pserv da yadda muke kwatanta shi da Pmax. Yana da al'amari na fahimtar yadda ayyukan ke aiki da kuma yadda ƙarfin jijiyar daraktan fasaha na ku.
Idan ba mu dauki wani kasada ba kwata-kwata, mun yi imanin cewa duk sabobin zasu iya fara cinye iyakar su lokaci guda. A lokaci guda, shigarwa ɗaya a cikin DC na iya faruwa. Ko da a ƙarƙashin waɗannan sharuɗɗan, infra dole ne ya ba da sabis, don haka Pserv ≡ Pmax. Wannan hanya ce ta inda aminci ke da matuƙar mahimmanci.
Idan darektan fasaha yayi tunani ba kawai game da ingantaccen tsaro ba, har ma game da kuɗin kamfani kuma yana da ƙarfin hali, to, zaku iya yanke shawarar hakan.
- Muna fara sarrafa masu siyar da mu, musamman, muna hana tsarin kulawa a lokutan da aka tsara mafi girman nauyi don rage raguwa a cikin shigarwa ɗaya;
- da/ko tsarin gine-ginen mu yana ba ku damar rasa rake / jere / DC, amma ayyukan suna ci gaba da aiki;
- da/ko mun shimfiɗa kaya da kyau a kwance a kan raƙuman ruwa, don haka ayyukanmu ba za su taɓa yin tsalle zuwa iyakar amfani a cikin tara guda ɗaya ba.
Anan yana da matukar amfani ba kawai don tsammani ba, amma don saka idanu akan amfani da sanin yadda sabobin ke amfani da wutar lantarki a zahiri a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada da kololuwar yanayi. Saboda haka, bayan wasu bincike, darektan fasaha ya matse duk abin da yake da shi kuma ya ce: "Mun yanke shawara na son rai cewa matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin matsakaicin yawan amfani da uwar garken kowane rack shine ** da yawa ** ƙasa da matsakaicin amfani," yanayin Pserv = 0.8*Pmax.
Sa'an nan kuma 6kW rack ba zai iya ɗaukar sabobin 16 tare da Pmax = 375W ba, amma sabobin 20 tare da Pserv = 375W * 0.8 = 300W. Wadancan. 25% ƙarin sabobin. Wannan babban ceto ne - bayan haka, nan da nan muna buƙatar ƙarancin racks 25% (kuma za mu adana akan PDUs, masu sauyawa da igiyoyi). Babban rashin lahani na irin wannan mafita shine cewa dole ne mu sanya ido akai-akai cewa tunaninmu har yanzu daidai ne. Cewa sabon sigar firmware ba ta canza aikin magoya baya da amfani ba, cewa ci gaban ba zato ba tsammani tare da sabon sakin bai fara amfani da sabobin da kyau sosai ba (karanta: sun sami babban nauyi da babban amfani akan sabar). Bayan haka, sa'an nan duka tunaninmu na farko da ƙarshe sun zama ba daidai ba nan da nan. Wannan haxari ne wanda dole ne a ɗauka da hankali (ko kuma a guje shi sannan a biya kuɗin fasinja maras amfani).
Muhimmiyar bayanin kula - yakamata kuyi ƙoƙarin rarraba sabar daga ayyuka daban-daban a kwance a cikin racks, idan zai yiwu. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don kada yanayi ya faru lokacin da sabar sabar guda ɗaya ta zo don sabis ɗaya, an cika racks ɗin a tsaye tare da shi don ƙara "yawa" (saboda yana da sauƙi ta haka). A hakikanin gaskiya, ya zama cewa rake ɗaya yana cike da ƙananan sabobin masu ɗaukar nauyi iri ɗaya na sabis ɗaya, ɗayan kuma yana cike da sabobin masu ɗaukar nauyi daidai. Yiwuwar faɗuwar faɗuwar biyu ta fi girma sosai, saboda bayanin martaba iri ɗaya ne, kuma duk sabobin tare a cikin wannan rak ɗin sun fara cinye adadin daidai da sakamakon ƙarar kaya.
Bari mu koma ga rarraba sabobin a cikin racks. Mun kalli sararin tararrakin jiki da gazawar wutar lantarki, yanzu bari mu kalli hanyar sadarwa. Kuna iya amfani da maɓalli tare da tashoshin jiragen ruwa 24/32/48 N (misali, muna da maɓallan ToR mai tashar 48). Abin farin ciki, babu zaɓuɓɓuka da yawa idan ba ku yi tunani game da igiyoyi masu fashewa ba. Muna la'akari da al'amuran lokacin da muke da sauyawa ɗaya a kowane rak, sauyawa ɗaya don racks biyu ko uku a cikin rukunin Rnet. Ni a ganina sama da raktoci uku a rukuni sun riga sun yi yawa, saboda... matsalar cabling tsakanin racks ya zama mafi girma.
Don haka, ga kowane yanayin hanyar sadarwa (1, 2 ko 3 racks a cikin rukuni), muna rarraba sabar a tsakanin racks:
Srack = min (Sh, zagaye (Prack/Pserv), zagaye (N/Rnet))
Don haka, don zaɓi tare da racks 2 a cikin rukuni:
Srack2 = min (21, zagaye (6000/300), zagaye (48/2)) = min (21, 20, 24) = sabar 20 a kowane rak.
Muna la'akari da sauran zaɓuɓɓukan ta hanya ɗaya:
Shafi 1 = 20
Shafi 3 = 16
Kuma muna kusan can. Muna ƙidaya adadin racks don rarraba duk sabobin mu S (bari ya zama 1000):
R = zagaye (S / (Srack * Rnet)) * Rnet
R1 = zagaye (1000 / (20 * 1)) * 1 = 50 * 1 = 50 racks
R2 = zagaye (1000 / (20 * 2)) * 2 = 25 * 2 = 50 racks
R3 = zagaye (1000 / (16 * 3)) * 3 = 25 * 2 = 63 racks
Na gaba, muna ƙididdige TCO don kowane zaɓi dangane da adadin raka'a, adadin da ake buƙata na sauyawa, cabling, da sauransu. Mun zaɓi zaɓi inda TCO ke ƙasa. Riba!
Yi la'akari da cewa ko da yake adadin raƙuman da ake buƙata don zaɓuɓɓuka 1 da 2 iri ɗaya ne, farashin su zai bambanta, saboda adadin masu sauyawa don zaɓi na biyu shine rabi, kuma tsawon igiyoyin da ake buƙata ya fi tsayi.
PS Idan kuna da damar yin wasa tare da wutar lantarki ta kowace tarawa da tsayin rakiyar, haɓaka yana ƙaruwa. Amma ana iya rage tsarin zuwa wanda aka kwatanta a sama ta hanyar kawai ta hanyar zaɓuɓɓuka. Haka ne, za a sami ƙarin haɗuwa, amma har yanzu yana da iyakacin iyaka - ana iya ƙara yawan wutar lantarki zuwa tarawa don ƙididdigewa a cikin matakai na 1 kW, racks na al'ada sun zo a cikin iyakacin adadin ma'auni: 42U, 45U, 47U, 48U ,52u ku. Kuma a nan Excel's Me-Idan bincike a cikin Data Table yanayin zai iya taimakawa tare da lissafi. Muna duba faranti da aka karɓa kuma mu zaɓi mafi ƙanƙanta.
source: www.habr.com