A lokacin rani na 2018, an gudanar da makarantar bazara a kan bioinformatics a kusa da St.
Babban abin da wannan makaranta ta mayar da hankali a kai shi ne kan binciken ciwon daji, amma akwai laccoci a wasu fannonin nazarin halittu, tun daga juyin halitta zuwa nazarin bayanan jerin kwayoyin halitta guda daya. A cikin mako, mutanen sun koyi yadda ake aiki tare da bayanan tsarawa na gaba, waɗanda aka tsara a cikin Python da R, sun yi amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin bioinformatics da tsarin, sun saba da hanyoyin tsarin ilimin halittar jiki, yawan kwayoyin halitta da ƙirar ƙwayoyi a cikin nazarin ciwace-ciwace, da dai sauransu.
A ƙasa za ku ga bidiyo na laccoci 18 da aka bayar a makarantar, tare da taƙaitaccen bayani da zane-zane. Wadanda aka yiwa alama "*" sune ainihin asali, ana iya kallon su ba tare da shiri ba.
1*. Oncogenomics da keɓaɓɓen oncology | Mikhail Pyatnitsky, Cibiyar Bincike na Kimiyyar Halittu
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Mikhail ya yi magana a taƙaice game da ilimin genomics na ciwace-ciwacen daji da kuma yadda fahimtar juyin halittar ƙwayoyin cutar kansa ke ba mu damar magance matsaloli masu amfani na oncology. Malamin ya bayar da kulawa ta musamman wajen yin bayanin banbance-banbancen dake tsakanin kwayoyin cutar kanjamau da kuma masu hana cutar kanjamau, hanyoyin neman “kwayoyin cutar daji” da kuma gano nau’in ciwon daji na kwayoyin halitta. A ƙarshe, Mikhail ya kula da makomar oncogenomics da matsalolin da zasu iya tasowa.
2*. Binciken Halittar Halitta na Ciwon Ciwon Ciwon Gada | Andrey Afanasiev, yRisk
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Andrey ya yi magana game da cututtukan ƙwayar cuta na gado kuma yayi nazarin ilimin halittarsu, ilimin cututtuka da bayyanar asibiti. Wani bangare na laccar an kebe shi ne kan batun gwajin kwayoyin halitta - wanda ya kamata a yi shi, me ake yi don haka, wace matsala ce ke tasowa wajen sarrafa bayanai da tafsirin sakamakon, da kuma a karshe, wane irin fa'ida yake kawo wa marasa lafiya da su. dangi.
3*. Pan-Cancer Atlas | Jamus Demidov, BIST/UPF
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Duk da shekarun da suka gabata na bincike a fannin ilimin genomics da epigenomics na ciwon daji, amsar tambayar "ta yaya, a ina kuma me yasa ciwon tumo ke faruwa" bai cika ba. Ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da ke haifar da wannan shine buƙatar daidaitaccen saye da sarrafa bayanai masu yawa don gano tasirin ƙananan girma, waɗanda ke da wuyar ganowa a cikin ƙayyadaddun bayanai (kuma wannan shine girman da aka saba da shi ga wani abu mai girma). nazari a cikin daya ko fiye da dakunan gwaje-gwaje), amma wanda ke taka rawa tare.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, yawancin ƙungiyoyin bincike masu ƙarfi a duniya, sun fahimci wannan matsala, sun fara shiga cikin ƙoƙarinsu a ƙoƙarin ganowa da bayyana duk waɗannan tasirin. Herman ya yi magana game da ɗaya daga cikin waɗannan shirye-shiryen (The PanCancer Atlas) da sakamakon da aka samu a matsayin wani ɓangare na aikin wannan haɗin gwiwar dakunan gwaje-gwaje kuma an buga shi a cikin fitowar ta musamman ta Cell a cikin wannan lacca.
4. ChIP-Seq a cikin nazarin hanyoyin epigenetic | Oleg Shpynov, JetBrains Bincike
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Ana kayyade maganan Halitta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. A cikin laccarsa, Oleg ya yi magana game da ƙa'idodin epigenetic ta hanyar gyare-gyaren histones, nazarin waɗannan matakai ta amfani da hanyar ChIP-seq, da kuma hanyoyin nazarin sakamakon.
5. Multiomics a cikin binciken ciwon daji | Konstantin Okonechnikov, Cibiyar Nazarin Ciwon daji ta Jamus
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Haɓaka fasahar gwaji a cikin ilmin kwayoyin halitta ya ba da damar haɗuwa da nazarin ayyuka masu yawa a cikin sel, gabobin, ko ma dukkanin kwayoyin halitta. Don kafa haɗin kai tsakanin abubuwan da ke tattare da tsarin ilimin halitta, ya zama dole a yi amfani da multiomics, wanda ya haɗu da manyan bayanan gwaji daga genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, da proteomics. Konstantin ya ba da misalan misalai na amfani da multiomics a fagen binciken ciwon daji tare da mai da hankali kan ilimin cututtukan yara.
6. Ƙarfafawa da iyakancewar nazarin kwayar halitta ɗaya | Konstantin Okonechnikov
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Cikakken lacca akan jerin RNA tantanin halitta guda ɗaya da hanyoyin nazarin wannan bayanai, da kuma hanyoyin shawo kan matsalolin bayyane da ɓoye a cikin binciken su.
7. Binciken bayanan RNA-seq guda-ɗaya | Konstantin Zaitsev, Jami'ar Washington a St. Louis
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Muhadara ta gaba akan jerin tantanin halitta guda ɗaya. Konstantin yayi magana akan hanyoyin jeri, kalubale a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje da matakan bioinformatics, da hanyoyin shawo kan su.
8. Bincike na dystrophy na muscular ta amfani da jerin nanoscale | Pavel Avdeev, Jami'ar George Washington
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Yin amfani da fasahar Oxford Nanopore yana da fa'idodi waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don gano abubuwan da ke haifar da cututtuka irin su dystrophy na muscular. A cikin laccarsa, Pavel ya yi magana game da samar da bututun mai don gano wannan cuta.
9*. Hoton hoto na kwayoyin halitta | Ilya Minkin, Jami'ar Jihar Pennsylvania
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Kyakkyawan zane-zane suna ba da izinin ɗaukar babban wakilci na adadi mai yawa iri ɗaya kuma galibi ana amfani da su a cikin Genomics. Ilya yayi magana dalla-dalla game da yadda ake amfani da jadawalai don dawo da jeri na genomic, ta yaya kuma me yasa aka yi amfani da jadawali na de Bruyn, nawa irin wannan tsarin “jadawali” yana ƙaruwa da daidaiton binciken maye gurbi, da kuma matsalolin da ba a warware su ba tare da amfani da jadawali .
10*. Nishadantarwa proteomics | Pavel Sinitsyn, Max Planck Cibiyar Biochemistry (2 sassa)
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Sunadaran ne ke da alhakin yawancin tsarin sinadarai na halitta a cikin rayayyun kwayoyin halitta, kuma ya zuwa yanzu proteomics ita ce hanya daya tilo ta nazarin yanayin dubban sunadarai a lokaci guda. Yawan ayyukan da za a warware yana da ban sha'awa - daga gano ƙwayoyin rigakafi da antigens zuwa ƙayyadadden ƙayyadaddun sunadaran da yawa. A cikin laccocinsa, Pavel ya yi magana game da waɗannan da sauran aikace-aikace na proteomics, ci gabanta na yanzu da kuma ramuka a cikin nazarin bayanai.
goma sha daya*. Ka'idojin asali na kwaikwaiyon kwayoyin halitta | Pavel Yakovlev, BIOCAD
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Muhimmin lacca na ka'idar game da haɓakar kwayoyin halitta: me yasa ake buƙata, menene yake yi da kuma yadda ake amfani da shi dangane da haɓakar ƙwayoyi. Pavel ya ba da hankali ga hanyoyin da za a yi amfani da kwayoyin halitta, bayanin dakarun kwayoyin halitta, bayanin dangantaka, ra'ayoyin "filin karfi" da "haɗin kai", iyakancewa a cikin ƙirar ƙira, da ƙari mai yawa.
12*. Halittar kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta | Yuri Barbitov, Cibiyar Bioinformatics
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Gabatarwa mai kashi uku ga ilmin kwayoyin halitta da kwayoyin halitta don daliban digiri da na digiri na injiniya. Lacca ta farko ta tattauna batutuwan ilimin halitta na zamani, tambayoyi game da tsarin kwayoyin halitta da kuma faruwar maye gurbi. Na biyu ya kunshi dalla-dalla al'amurran da suka shafi aiki da kwayoyin halitta, hanyoyin rubutawa da fassara, na uku ya shafi ka'idojin bayyana kwayoyin halitta da hanyoyin ilimin kwayoyin halitta na asali.
13*. Ka'idojin nazarin bayanan NGS | Yuri Barbitov, Cibiyar Bioinformatics
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Laccar tana magana ne game da hanyoyin jerin tsararru na biyu (NGS), nau'ikan su da halayensu. Malamin ya yi bayani dalla-dalla yadda aka tsara bayanan fitar da bayanai daga mabiyi, da yadda ake juyar da su don yin nazari, da kuma waɗanne hanyoyin yin aiki da su.
14*. Yin amfani da layin umarni, yi | Gennady Zakharov, EPAM
Bayani mai amfani na umarnin layin umarni na Linux masu amfani, zaɓuɓɓuka, da tushen amfanin su. Misalan ana jagorantar su zuwa nazarin jerin DNA da aka jera. Baya ga daidaitattun ayyukan Linux (misali, cat, grep, sed, awk), abubuwan amfani don aiki tare da jeri (samtools, bedtools) ana la'akari da su.
15*. Duban bayanai ga ƙananan yara | Nikita Alekseev, Jami'ar ITMO
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Kowa ya faru ne don kwatanta sakamakon ayyukan kimiyya ko fahimtar zane-zane, jadawali da hotuna na wasu. Nikita ya gaya yadda za a yi daidai fassarar jadawali da zane-zane, yana nuna babban abu daga gare su; yadda ake zana bayyanannun hotuna. Malamin ya kuma nanata abin da ya kamata a nema yayin karanta labarin ko kallon talla.
16*. Sana'a a cikin bioinformatics | Victoria Korzhova, Max Planck Cibiyar Biochemistry
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Victoria ta yi magana game da tsarin kimiyyar ilimi a ƙasashen waje da abin da kuke buƙatar kulawa don gina sana'a a kimiyya ko masana'antu a matsayin dalibi na digiri, digiri ko digiri na biyu.
17*. Yadda ake rubuta CV ga masanin kimiyya | Victoria Korzhova, Max Planck Cibiyar Biochemistry
Abin da za a bar a cikin CV da abin da za a cire? Wadanne hujjoji za su ba da sha'awa ga mai yuwuwar shugaban lab, kuma waɗanne ne ya fi kyau a faɗi? Yadda ake tsara bayanai domin ci gaban ku ya ja hankali? Laccar za ta ba da amsoshi ga waɗannan tambayoyi da sauran su.
18*. Yadda kasuwar bioinformatics ke aiki | Andrey Afanasiev, yRisk
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Yaya kasuwa ke aiki kuma a ina bioinformatics ke aiki? Amsar wannan tambayar tana dalla-dalla, tare da misalai da shawarwari, a cikin laccar Andrey.
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Kamar yadda mai yiwuwa ka lura, laccoci a makarantar suna da faɗi sosai ta fuskar batutuwa - tun daga ƙirar ƙwayoyin cuta da kuma amfani da jadawali don haɗa kwayoyin halitta, zuwa nazarin ƙwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya da gina aikin kimiyya. Mu a Cibiyar Bioinformatics muna ƙoƙarin haɗa batutuwa daban-daban a cikin shirin makaranta don ɗaukar nau'ikan ilimin halittu da yawa kamar yadda zai yiwu, kuma kowane ɗan takara ya koyi sabon abu kuma mai amfani ga kansa.
Za a gudanar da makarantar bioinformatics na gaba daga Yuli 29 zuwa Agusta 3, 2019 kusa da Moscow. . Taken na wannan shekara zai zama ilimin halittu a cikin nazarin halittu masu tasowa da binciken tsufa.
Ga waɗanda suke son yin nazarin bioinformatics a zurfi, muna ci gaba da karɓar aikace-aikacen mu a St. Petersburg. Ko kuma a biyo labaran mu game da bude shirin a birnin Moscow na wannan kaka.
Ga wadanda ba a St. Petersburg ko Moscow ba, amma da gaske suna so su zama bioinformatician, mun shirya akan algorithms, shirye-shirye, kwayoyin halitta da ilmin halitta.
Muna kuma da dozin wanda zaku iya fara tafiya a yanzu.
A cikin 2018, an gudanar da Makarantar bazara ta Bioinformatics tare da tallafin abokan aikinmu na dogon lokaci - JetBrains, BIOCAD da EPAM, wanda yawancin godiya a gare su.
Duk bioinformatics!
PS Idan ya ga kamar ku kaɗan, и .
source: www.habr.com