Daga masu suka zuwa algorithms: muryar fitattun mutane a cikin duniyar kiɗa

Ba da daɗewa ba, masana'antar kiɗa ta kasance "kulob ɗin rufe." Shigarsa ke da wuya, kuma ɗan ƙaramin rukuni ne ke sarrafa ɗanɗanon jama'a."wayewa» masana.

Amma a kowace shekara ra'ayin manyan mutane ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa, kuma masu sukar sun maye gurbinsu da jerin waƙoƙi da algorithms. Bari mu gaya muku yadda abin ya faru.

Photography Sergey Solo /Buɗewa

Masana'antar kiɗa kafin karni na 19

Da dadewa, a duniyar mawakan Turai babu ka’idoji, matsayi da rarrabuwa zuwa sana’o’in da muka saba. Babu ko da irin tsarin mu na ilimin kiɗa na yau da kullun. Ayyukan makarantun kiɗa sun kasance sau da yawa ta hanyar majami'u, inda yara suka yi karatu a ƙarƙashin jagorancin organist - wannan shine yadda Bach mai shekaru goma ya sami ilimi.

Kalmar "conservatory" ta bayyana a karni na 16 kuma tana nufin gidan marayu, inda aka koya wa dalibai waka. Conservatories waɗanda suka hadu da ma'anar zamani na kalmar - tare da gasa don shigarwa, ingantaccen shirin ilimi da kuma tsammanin aiki - ya bazu cikin Turai kawai a cikin karni na 19.

Na dogon lokaci, yin waƙa kuma ba ta da daraja ta musamman. Yawancin mashahuran ƴan gargajiya a yanzu sun yi rayuwarsu a matsayin ƴan wasan kwaikwayo, jagora da malamai.

Kafin Mendelssohn ya yada waƙar Bach, an tuna da mawakin a matsayin fitaccen malami.

Photography Matiyu Cramblett ne adam wata /Buɗewa

Manyan abokan ciniki don kiɗa sune coci da manyan mutane. Na farko yana bukatar ayyuka na ruhaniya, na biyu kuma yana bukatar ayyuka masu daɗi. Su ne suka sarrafa irin kiɗan da hasken ke ji - ko da su da kansu suna da hali na zahiri game da kiɗa.

Haka kuma, a wancan lokacin tsarin rayuwar kowane abu, bisa ka’idojin zamani, gajeru ne. “Rock stars” sannan sun kasance virtuosos-mawakan yawon shakatawa waɗanda suka nuna ƙwarewar fasaha. Sun sabunta repertoire a kowace shekara - ana sa ran sabbin ayyuka daga gare su a cikin sabon kakar.

Shi ya sa, ta yaya Ya rubuta cewa Farfesan Cambridge kuma ɗan wasan pianist John Rink, a cikin makalarsa daga tarin “The Cambridge History of Music,” mawaƙa sukan rarraba ayyukansu zuwa “hits” na ɗan gajeren lokaci don wasan kwaikwayo na masu yin kide-kide da kuma dogon wasa “marasa lalacewa.” Samar da kiɗa a cikin wannan mahallin an sanya shi akan layin taro.

Haihuwar kiɗan ilimi

Tsarin da aka kafa ya fara canzawa a farkon ƙarni na 18th da 19th, lokacin da ainihin halayen Turawa masu ilimi ya canza. Godiya ga romantic trends, da ra'ayi "high" music. Manyan mutane sun fara gani a cikin al'adun kayan aiki na Turai wani abu cikakke, wanda ya bambanta da yanayin canza salon.

A zamanin yau muna kiran wannan hanyar zuwa ilimin kiɗa.

Kamar kowane kyakkyawan bibi, kiɗan "high" yana buƙatar tsarin da zai kiyaye da kuma kare tsabtarsa. hamshakan attajirai na fasaha (daga manyan mutane da masana'antu har zuwa sarakuna) ne suka aiwatar da wannan. aiki ya zama mafi daraja fiye da kowane lokaci.

Photography Diliff / Wiki

Da kudinsu ne aka gina cibiyoyin ilimi da cibiyoyin al'adu, wadanda a yanzu sune jigon duniyar wakokin gargajiya. Don haka, ƙwararrun ba wai kawai sun kare matsayinsu a cikin al'adun kiɗa na Turai ba, har ma sun kula da ci gabanta.

Sukar kiɗa da aikin jarida

Jaridun farko da suka buga bita na ayyukan kiɗa kuma sun fara buga su a ƙarshen karni na 18 - kusan a daidai lokacin bayyanar ƙungiyoyin ra'ayin mazan jiya, ƙungiyoyin philharmonic da makarantun kiɗa waɗanda muka saba da mu. Idan cibiyoyin ilimi sun kafa shingen yin aiki da tsara inganci, masu suka sun yi tambaya.

Ayyukansu na bambance madawwami daga mai wucewa ya jaddada rashin lokaci na babban kiɗa a cikin al'adar ilimi. Tuni a cikin karni na ashirin, dan wasan guitar Frank Zappa ya lura cewa "magana game da kiɗa kamar rawa ne game da gine-gine." Kuma a bisa gaskiya.

Sukar kiɗa ya samo asali ne a cikin ilimin kiɗa, ƙayatarwa da falsafa. Domin rubuta bita mai kyau, kuna buƙatar samun ilimi a duk fage guda uku. Dole ne mai sukar ya fahimci fasahohin fasaha na aikin mawaƙa da mawaƙa, yin hukunce-hukunce masu kyau kuma su ji haɗin aikin tare da "cikakkiyar" - fiye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Duk wannan ya sa sukar kiɗa ya zama wani nau'i na musamman.

Ba da daɗewa ba bayan bayyanarsa, sukar kiɗa ya taso daga wallafe-wallafe na musamman zuwa shafukan shahararrun jaridu - masu sukar kiɗa sun sami nasarar kafa kansu a matsayin wani muhimmin ɓangare na al'adun aikin jarida. Kafin yaduwar faifan sauti, ƴan jaridun kiɗa sun yi bitar wasan kwaikwayo, musamman na farko.

Halin masu suka ga farkon abun da ke ciki zai iya ƙayyade makomarsa a nan gaba. Misali, bayan shan kashi Rubutun farko na Rachmaninov a kan shafukan littafin St.

Idan aka yi la’akari da buƙatun fahimtar ɓangaren fasaha na abun da ke ciki, rawar da masu suka suka yi sau da yawa mawaƙan kiɗan da kansu ke taka rawa. Binciken da aka ambata a sama ya rubuta ta Kaisar Antonovich Ku - Memba na "Mai Girma Hannu". Sun kuma shahara da sake dubawa Rimsky-Korsakov da Schumann.

Aikin jarida na kiɗa ya zama muhimmin abu na sabon yanayin yanayin kiɗa na ƙarni na 19. Kuma kamar sauran fannoni na wannan “masana’antu” matasa, ita ma ƙwararru masu ilimi, masu gata da ƙa’idodin ilimi ne ke sarrafa ta.

A cikin karni na ashirin lamarin zai canza sosai: Za a maye gurbin Elite da fasaha, Mawaki-masu sukar ana maye gurbinsu da kwararrun 'yan jarida na kiɗa da DJs.

Photography frankie Cordoba /Buɗewa

Za mu yi magana game da abubuwan ban sha'awa da suka faru tare da sukar kiɗa a wannan lokacin a cikin labarinmu na gaba. Za mu yi ƙoƙari mu shirya shi da wuri-wuri.

PS jerin kayan mu na baya-bayan nan "Haskaka da talauci".

source: www.habr.com