ARIES PLC110[M02]-MS4, HMI, OPC da SCADA, ko nawa shayin chamomile da mutum ke bukata. Kashi na 1

Barka da rana, ya ku masu karatun wannan labarin. Ina rubuta wannan a tsarin bita.

Gargadi kaɗanIna so in yi muku gargaɗi cewa idan kun fahimci abin da muke magana a kai nan da nan daga taken, Ina ba ku shawara ku canza batu na farko (a zahiri, PLC core) zuwa wani abu daga nau'in farashi mataki ɗaya mafi girma.
Babu adadin ajiyar kuɗi da ya cancanci jijiyoyi masu yawa, a zahiri.

Ga wadanda ba su ji tsoron ƙaramin gashi mai launin toka ba da girman tic mai juyayi, daga baya zan bayyana dalla-dalla yadda aka halicci wannan mu'ujiza ta fasaha. Wannan labarin yana ba da taƙaitaccen bincike na aikin tare da wani adadin zargi.

Asalin Samar da matsala

A zahiri, ina aiki a ofishin ƙira, kuma muna gwada kayan aikin sarrafa kansa don haɗawa cikin masana'antar maɓalli na mu. Kwanan nan, kayan aikin OWEN sun isa ɗakin ajiyar kuma an yanke shawarar haɗa benci na gwaji daga gare ta:

• PLC110[M02] -MS4 (yanayin zartarwa MasterSCADA 4D)
• Saukewa: SP307
• Tsarin shigar da siginar analog na Universal МВ110-224.2А
• MV110-4TD matsa lamba ma'aunin shigar da siginar
• Tsarin auna wutar lantarki MV110-220.3M

Tsarin tsarin an zaɓi tare da bambance-bambancen cibiyoyin sadarwa bisa ga manufa:

1. Modbus RTU dangane da RS-485 - sadarwa tsakanin PLC da na'urorin bayi (modules, mitar masu canzawa, na'urori masu auna firikwensin, HMI panel SP307), mashawarcin cibiyar sadarwar PLC.
2. Modbus TCP dangane da Ethernet - Sadarwar PLC daban-daban tare da juna kuma tare da uwar garken OPC
3. OPC da SCADA tsarin uwar garken PC hanya ce ta lokaci guda tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa daban-daban guda biyu (Corporate LAN na kamfani da Modbus TCP cibiyar sadarwa na masu kula da adaftar cibiyar sadarwa guda biyu tare da sarrafa bayanai ta amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin Windows).
4. LAN na kamfani yana da damar Intanet ta hanyar sabar wakili

Ana nuna tsarin gaba ɗaya na tsarin a hoton da ke ƙasa:

Ayyukan da aka gina a ciki

• Tattara da jujjuya bayanai daga PLC zuwa uwar garken OPC
• Gudanar da gida da kulawa ta hanyar HMI panel
• Sarrafa da saka idanu daga SCADA ta uwar garken OPC
• Sarrafa daga kowane PC daga kamfanin LAN kuma ta Intanet ta amfani da abokin ciniki na SCADA
• Haɗa na'urorin OPC ta hannu ta LAN da Intanet
• Tabbas, adanawa da bayar da rahoto

Kamar ba a rasa komai ba. Akwai cikakken bayanin tsarin, kuma yanzu, a zahiri, akan batun (Zan bayyana hanyoyin kawar da su a cikin labarin tare da aiwatar da kowane kumburi):

Matsalolin da aka fuskanta

1. Takardun PLC

Gwajin Beta na PLC da aka ayyana akan ainihin MasterSCADA 4D mai ƙira ya nuna shi a cikin 2012. Duk da irin wannan tsawon rayuwa mai ban sha'awa na ra'ayi, duk abin da mai haɓaka ke da shi a cikin 2019 shine jagorar shirye-shirye na shafuka 28 (!?), wanda babu ɗan ƙaramin bayani mai amfani, kuma hotunan kariyar kwamfuta a cikin littafin sun fito ne daga MasterSCADA 3D. wanda shi ne quite funny tare da la'akari da cewa dubawa ya canza.

Zauren zaure na batutuwa 20 kuma yana samun goyan bayan rayayye daga masu bi guda uku da manajan tallace-tallace.

2. Gine-gine na kayan aikin PLC

Wannan batu ne na daban don tattaunawa. A taƙaice: PLC yana sadarwa tare da kayayyaki azaman na'urorin bawa na Modbus RTU, waɗanda dole ne a fara saita su ta hanyar mai amfani daban ta haɗa kowannensu zuwa PC ta hanyar mai sauya RS-485.

Mutane masu basira, ba shakka, tabbas sun san yadda za a yi wannan ba tare da mai canzawa ta hanyar PLC ba, suna haɗa nau'i-nau'i zuwa cibiyar sadarwa da rubuta takardun da suka dace, amma wannan ya zo tare da kwarewa da kuma yawan ciwo.

Ga mai haɓakawa wanda ya ga irin wannan gine-ginen a karon farko, ba komai bane mai amfani.
Hakanan, duk nau'ikan analog ɗin suna son gazawa don dalilan da ba a sani ba, ɗaukar duk hanyar sadarwar RS-485 tare da su a cikin Terra Incognita, amma kuma ina so in yi magana game da wannan daban, cikakken almara, ba shakka. Matsalar, ta hanyar, tana da shekaru 10, masana'anta suna dariya "Dole ne mu yarda cewa samfuran ba su yi mana aiki ba", duk da haka, wannan shine kawai ke dubawa don sadarwa tare da kayayyaki, kuma mutane, da gaske, sun daɗe suna rubuta ayyukan Modbus RTU na su.

Ana cikin haka, shayin chamomile ya kare... Rana ta fadi

3. IDE MasterSCADA

Ba za mu yi magana game da kayan aikin hoto ba; Ban gwada su da yawa ba, amma zan ce nan da nan cewa ba na son shi.

Muna magana ne game da aiwatar da musayar bayanai da daidaitattun harsunan IEC:

Abubuwan shigarwa na jiki da abubuwan sarrafawa na mai sarrafawa ba masu canji ba ne na duniya kuma ba za a iya samun dama ga kowane ɓangare na shirin ba ta hanyar rubuta laƙabi, misali "DI1". Ya kamata ku ja wannan cikin kowane shiri ta amfani da hannaye, an samar da madaidaicin gida a wurin, wanda zai gaji ko canja wurin ƙimar. Wadancan. ainihin ainihin PLC, a cikin hangen nesa, ya ɗan ɓace: na'urar ya kamata ta sauƙaƙe shirye-shiryen dabaru na aikin tashoshi na zahiri zuwa matakin. "Idan an kunna shigar da DI1, kunna fitarwa DO1"kuma yana kama da wannan "Input DI1 - Mai canzawa LI1 - Mai canzawa LO1 - Fitowa DO1", Har ila yau, saboda jahilcin wannan ka'idar IDE, za ku iya kama wani gargadi mai ban sha'awa "Yin Juyin Boolean-Boolean ba zai yiwu ba" (mafi yiwuwa, ɗayan su shine mai nuni, amma ina tsammanin a cikin masu gyara na masu halitta, ya fi dacewa) .

Dakunan karatu na harsunan ST, FBD, SFC suna da girma sosai kuma akwai zaɓi don sauƙin shirye-shirye, duk da haka, waɗannan abubuwan ba ayyuka bane, amma azuzuwan waɗanda hanyoyin da aka haɗa, kuma na biyu, yawancin ba su da taimako don bayyanawa. ayyuka da nau'ikan bayanai. Nacewa ya kai ni ɗakin karatu na CodeSys kernel, inda aka ɗauko duk waɗannan ayyuka, taimakonsu ya taimaka.

4. Musanya tare da SP307 panel

Wani lamari ne mai ban sha'awa ga waɗanda ba su da inda za su yi kwanaki biyu.

Gwajin GUI na yau da kullun (HMI ko SCADA) a gare ni shine in yi gwaje-gwaje 6:

1. Karatun Siginar Hankali
2. Yin rikodin sigina mai hankali
3. Karatun Ƙimar Integer
4. Rubutun Ƙimar lamba
5. Karatun darajar gaske
6. Rubutun ƙimar gaske

Saboda haka, na zana abubuwan da suka dace 6 akan allon kuma in duba kowannensu cikin tsari
Musanya daidai yake da nau'ikan kayayyaki, amma daga tashar tashar RS-232/485 PLC daban, kuma, ga alama, mafi kwanciyar hankali. Tun da bawan HMI ne, na rubuta masa ta canji, kuma na karanta shi a cikin jefa kuri'a na 500ms, don kada in rasa ayyukan mai aiki.

An kammala maki 4 na farko da kyau, amma maki 5 da 6 sun haifar da matsala.

Muna aika bayanan nau'in Single Float, nuna shi akan allon kuma ganin cewa bayanan ba iri ɗaya bane, kodayake duk saitunan fitarwa (Float, size 1 rajista, da sauransu) daidai ne. Zai zama ƙarya don faɗi cewa ba a bayyana abin da ya gabata a cikin takardun ba, duk da haka, gwada ƙoƙarin gano wanda kuma a ina, yana da ban dariya daga waje.

Bayan bincike mai zurfi na duk saitunan da suka shafi bayanan da kansu da aikawa. Muna rubuta zuwa goyon bayan fasaha, amsa yana kan matsakaita 5-6 kwanakin kalanda, muna aiki bisa ga daidaitaccen rubutun tallafin fasaha "Duba cewa wutar tana kunne - duba sigar software - da fatan za a jira wani mako - Bari mu je gano kanmu. ”.

Af, an yanke shawarar ta hanyar shigar da kaska ɗaya a cikin wani wuri mara kyau tare da cikakkiyar sa hannu.

A cikin aikin allo Ba a haɗa shigar da siginar analog na tsarin “Slider” ba, za a iya shigar da shi a cikin filin rubutu kawai ta amfani da lambobi. Wannan abin ban mamaki ne kawai, ko dai mu rubuta maɓallan "±" da rubutun kanmu, ko mu shigar da lamba daga madannai, mu manta game da sarrafa taushi na wasu faifai.

Ba zan yi odar labarin ba, don haka zan bayyana matsaloli tare da babban matakin a sashi na 2.

A takaice, Ina so in lura cewa ina da isasshen 'yanci da lokaci mai yawa don magance waɗannan matsalolin, wanda a kallon farko yana da ban dariya, amma yana haifar da ciwo mai yawa ga wanda aka azabtar. A cikin yanayin ƙayyadaddun lokaci, yana da mahimmanci a fuskanci irin waɗannan matsalolin.

PS: Duk waɗannan abubuwan da aka gabatar a nan suna da ra'ayi ne, kuma ƙoƙari ne kawai don gargaɗi waɗanda ba a shirya ba, kuma ba don nuna bambanci ga masana'antun ba, Ina tambayar ku ku ɗauki wannan labarin daga wannan ra'ayi.

Kashi na biyu yana nan: danna

source: www.habr.com