Barkanmu da rana abokai. Kashi na biyu na bita , kuma a yau ina rubuta nazari na babban matakin tsarin da aka nuna a cikin take.
Rukunin kayan aikinmu na saman-mataki sun haɗa da duk software da kayan masarufi sama da hanyar sadarwar PLC (IDEs don PLCs, HMIs, abubuwan amfani don masu sauya mitar mitoci, kayayyaki, da sauransu. ba a haɗa su anan).
Zan sake haɗa tsarin tsarin daga kashi na farko, don sauƙaƙe fahimtar abin da muke magana akai.
![ARIES PLC110[M02]-MS4, HMI, OPC da SCADA, ko nawa shayin chamomile da mutum ke bukata. Kashi na 2](https://prohoster.info/wp-content/plugins/wp-fastest-cache-premium/pro/images/blank.gif)
Don haka, babban matakin ya haɗa da:
- Hanyar zirga-zirgar ƙofa ta PC tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa biyu (cibiyar sadarwar PLC da LAN na kasuwanci)
- uwar garken OPC - software wanda ke tattara bayanai daga cibiyar sadarwa na Modbus TCP da fassara shi don sarrafawa a cikin SCADA da bayanai
- SCADA - Kunshin software wanda ya haɗa da sabar da abokan ciniki. Harsashin mu na hoto don saka idanu da sarrafa matakai
- DBMS software ce da ke ba mu damar adana bayanan shiga SCADA kuma, idan ya cancanta, dawo da shi don duba hotuna, rajistan ayyukan, da samar da rahotanni.
Ba zan taɓa cibiyar sadarwar kamfanoni (CN) na kamfani ba, tunda yana cikin ikon sarrafa tsarin mu, amma zan gaya muku yadda na yi hulɗa da shi, wane ayyuka na saita lokacin da na bayyana aiwatar da tsarin, kuma ba bita ba.
Don haka, bari mu fara
Abu na farko, Muna sayar da kayan aikin da za su yi mana aiki a zahiri. Hardware, don aiki a cikin biyu daban cibiyoyin sadarwa, kwamfuta na buƙatar adaftar cibiyar sadarwa guda biyu. Na farko da nake da shi shine adaftan kan-motherboard (don aiki a CS), na biyu kuma (don aiki a Modbus-TCP) na saka a cikin tashar PCI-E kuma daga ciki na fitar da igiyar facin zuwa na'ura mai ba da hanya tsakanin hanyoyin sadarwa (kawai. don kar a watsa wayoyi daga kabad ɗin tare da PLC zuwa PC don ofishin.
A gaskiya, wannan ya isa ga kwamfutar ta yi aiki a kowane ɗayan cibiyoyin sadarwa, amma ta hanyar tsoho hanyoyin sadarwar ba za su ga juna ba, har yanzu kuna buƙatar danna maballin.
Muhimman al'amura na kafa haɗin yanar gizo:
- Haɗa zuwa CS bai kamata a yi ta hanyar samun adireshi daga uwar garken DHCP ba; dole ne ka saka saitunan adaftar da hannu (kada a haɗa adireshin a cikin kewayon adireshin DHCP) tare da alamar wajibi na ƙofar cibiyar sadarwa. A nan gaba, wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci yayin tsara hanyar shiga nesa.
- Babu buƙatar ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar gadar hanyar sadarwa tsakanin masu adaftar; ana aiwatar da duk wata hanya lokacin da aka kunna sabis na Windows daidai.
- Idan kana son samun damar shiga hanyar sadarwar PLC daga kowace kwamfuta ta CS, to yakamata a yi rajistar hanyar sadarwa don aiwatar da babbar hanyar sadarwar.
- Don tsara hanyar shiga nesa, Ina ba da shawarar amfani da tashoshin jiragen ruwa marasa daidaituwa don yanke rabin hackers nan da nan
- Babu ƙarin software da ake buƙatar shigar, komai ana yin shi ta amfani da daidaitattun kayan aikin Windows
Software
Ina so in zaɓi samfuran da suka cika wasu sharudda:
- Maƙerin cikin gida - ko da yake zan iya samun goyan bayan fasaha na harshen Ingilishi ta duk hanyoyin sadarwa da ake da su, ba duk abokan aikina ba ne za su iya yin alfahari da wannan. Kula da tsarin ya kamata ya kasance ga kowa da kowa, don aƙalla ba za a janye ni daga hutu ba.
Har ila yau, na lura cewa farashin software na cikin gida ya fi kusa da gaskiyar mu kuma yana karɓa ga abokan ciniki - Sabbin sabo, amma aƙalla an tabbatar da shi, kawai saboda kuna son ci gaba da zamani
- Kyakkyawan keɓance kayan kwalliya wani abu ne wanda ba kowane SCADA ba zai iya fariya da shi. Abin takaici, ƙira a cikin kayan aikin atomatik zai ɗauki lokaci mai tsawo don zuwa, amma ina so in ga halayen mabukaci na samfurin ƙarshe a babban matakin.
- Sauƙaƙan haɗin kai na OPC, SCADA da DBMS (ba tare da rawa tare da tambourine ba, ƙaramin maɓalli na maɓalli), don haka zaku iya aika mai daidaita tsarin sarrafa tsari mai sauƙi zuwa Kamchatka (a zahiri, muna da tsire-tsire na abokin ciniki a can) kuma ba tsarin gine-gine ba.
OPC uwar garken
A lokacin sanina da MasterSCADA 4D, yayin da ake gwada PLC, na ziyarci gidan yanar gizon masana'anta kuma na ga cewa suna ba da nasu sabar OPC don kusan kowace yarjejeniya canja wurin bayanai. Don ƙa'idar Modbus suna ba da wani dabam Master OPC Universal Modbus Server, i.e. Modbus kawai yake iya magana.
A ƙasa akwai hoton sikirin sikirin: a taƙaice, a ganina, babu wani abu da ya wuce gona da iri, amma wataƙila mai amfani na iya rasa wani abu.
Sigar kyauta ta iyakance ga alamun 32, amma na sanya masu canji na Boolean a cikin rajista kuma na aika da shi tare da alamar LONG INT guda ɗaya, kuma a cikin SCADA, Na riga na "kwance" shi cikin raguwa, ɗan dabara, Ina fata ba za su zo gare ni ba. Af, ba duk scuds ba za su iya samun dama ga kowane yanki na kalma ba, don haka girke-girke ba na duniya ba ne.
Ya ɗauki ni kusan minti ɗaya don karɓar alamar nau'in REAL na farko bayan shigar da OPC, don haka ban ƙara duba ba, na yi farin ciki da sauƙi. Duk da haka, yana da kyau a lura cewa wannan software har ma tana ba da damar aiwatar da rubutun al'ada don karɓar bayanai, wanda zai iya fadada ayyuka a hannun dama.
Tsarin SCADA
A cikin wannan tambaya, ina nufin ba kawai ƙirƙirar yanayi mai kyau da aiki ga mai amfani ba, har ma da dacewa ga mai haɓakawa, tun da mai tsara shirye-shiryen da ke gungurawa ta cikin takardun na akalla minti 15 a cikin sa'a don nemo bayanan da suka dace ya yi hasarar (kawai zalla. a lissafi) har zuwa awanni 2 a kowace rana, wato kashi 25% na ranar aiki. Da fatan za a lura cewa ban ɗauki zabi na a matsayin cikakken haƙiƙa ba, bisa ɗanɗano da launi, kamar yadda suke faɗa ...
Kasuwar cikin gida na tsarin SCADA yana ba mu:
- Sauƙaƙan SCADA
- SimpLight
- MasterSCADA 4D
- ARIES Telemechanika LIGHT
- CASCADE
Na yarda, ban kara duba ba, watakila akwai wani abu kuma. Ganin cewa na yi zaɓin, yana nufin aikin ya yi nasara. Bari mu dubi waɗannan tsarin, tare da tunawa da ma'auni da aka kwatanta a sama:
- CASCADE - Nan da nan na sami maki mafi ƙanƙanta don gani; Ban ma zazzage rarraba ba. Abubuwan sarrafawa waɗanda suka tsere daga Win95 sun kawo ƙarshen wannan software a gare ni.
Babu kima - ARIES Telemechanika LIGHT - Har ila yau, ban zazzage shi ba, amma dalilan nan ba kawai a cikin keɓancewa ba ne, kodayake kuma, a gare ni, yana barin abubuwa da yawa da ake so. Da fari dai, samfuran OWEN, bayan rabin wata na gwaji da lalata PLCs tare da kayayyaki, suna ba ni damuwa mai kyau dangane da dogaro da sassauci. Na biyu kuma, an sanya wannan tsarin a matsayin tsarin kulawa da sarrafawa a cikin hanyoyin rarraba makamashi, da farko. Masana'antar abinci ba ta dace da bukatuna ba (ko da zai iya yin komai, masu kasuwa har yanzu sun rage masu sauraron da kansu). Saboda haka, by.
Babu kima - MasterSCADA 4D - a kallon farko, wannan shine zaɓi mafi bayyane kuma mai sauƙi. Bari mu bayyana:
- Baya buƙatar shigarwa daban na uwar garken OPC lokacin aiki tare da OWEN PLC, direbobi sun riga sun shiga
- Gabaɗaya, kyakkyawar kyakkyawar mu'amala mai kyau da kyau, abubuwan sarrafawa kuma suna da ƙarfi 4/5
- Yanayin ƙira mai dacewa
Komai yana da kyau kuma yana da kyau, Na yi la'akari da wannan tsarin ba tare da zaɓuɓɓuka ba lokacin da na ɗauki mai sarrafawa, AMMA:
Wata rana mai kyau na buɗe aikin a cikin yanayin RunTime (simulators na aiki), kuma ina da windows 4 mara kyau a rataye, na shafa idanu na, rufe shi, duba mai sarrafa aikin, sake farawa - abu ɗaya. Sannan jerin ma'auni na yau da kullun kamar nazarin canje-canjen da aka yi, sake kunna PC, da sauransu, waɗanda ba sa haifar da sakamako. Ƙashin ƙasa: Ina ajiye rarrabawa har sai mafi kyawun kwanaki, ba ni da sha'awar fahimtar shi, ba abin dogara ba ne.
Darajar: 3.5/5 Marufi mai kyau, ba cikawa sosai ba
- Sauƙi - Na yarda, na yi sha'awar aikin / ƙimar farashi daga bayanan fasaha akan gidan yanar gizon masana'anta. Akwai sabar gidan yanar gizo da SMS, imel da abokan ciniki da yawa da OPC da yawa da aka haɗa, duk wannan yana kashe kusan 5000 rubles a lokacin rubutawa - pennies. Kuma idan kun kasance mai haɓakawa kuma ku yi buƙatu daban-daban a cikin tambayoyin kan layi akan rukunin yanar gizon, to za su aiko muku da sigar kayan rarrabawa don alamun 200 ba tare da wani hani ba, wanda a ganina yana da kyau sosai. Wannan tabbas ƙari ne.
Kuma yanzu rashin amfani:
Mahimmanci: IDE wasu kayan aiki ne masu tsayayye waɗanda suka bambanta ayyuka, sabili da haka, lokacin aiki akan aikin ɗaya, za a tilasta ku ci gaba da buɗe windows 3-4 + taimako + takaddun, wanda bai dace ba koda akan tsarin saka idanu da yawa. .
- Bayyanar yana ƙasa da matsakaici, kamar fentin fenti
- Taimako yana da ƙarancin gaske
- Ayyukan da aka matse sosai, a bayyane a bayyane lokacin da ake saita abubuwan da ake so da kuma jadawali
- Ana iya ganin editan rubutun a cikin pixels, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa yana cutar da idanu
- Saita tags na software kuma abin farin ciki ne
- Idan kawai kuna son kawo aikin akan faifan filasha don gyarawa akan wani PC, to wannan yana da wahala sosai. Tsarin fayil ɗin aikin da ba a fahimta ba
- Masu tallace-tallace babban bangare ne na rayuwar ku, wanda ke da ban haushi.
Hoto: Editan rubutun Sauƙaƙe
Darajar: 3.0/5 Cikewa yana da kyau, babu marufi kwata-kwata - Sauƙaƙan SCADA - Wannan shine zabi na, a nan zan iya zama mai son zuciya, amma har yanzu. Mai sana'anta yana ba da zaɓi na nau'ikan DEMO guda biyu: Tare da iyakacin alamun waje na 2 da ɗan rage ayyuka ko cikakken aiki tare da iyakancewar lokacin gudu na sa'a 64 (Bayan haka dole ne a sake kunna sabar SCADA). Farashin kit ɗin rarrabawa a cikin taro mafi sauƙi yana farawa daga 1 rubles. a lokacin rubutawa.
Sakamakon:- Yayi kyau sosai, duka IDE da masu sarrafawa
- Kyakkyawan bayani, an bayyana komai a ciki da waje
- Sauƙin haɗa bayanan uwar garken OPC
- Mafi sauƙin dubawa, har ma da ilhama
- Sauƙi DBMS haɗin kai
- Don ƙaddamar da abokin ciniki mai nisa ba a buƙata ba samuwan aikin
- Babban janareta rahoton
- Ga duk abubuwa akwai abubuwan da suka faru kamar OnClick, OnMouseEnter, da sauransu. Gabaɗaya, IDE yayi kama da sauƙaƙan editan Delphi Embarcadero, kuma editan rubutun yana da kayan aiki.
Fursunoni:
- Babu iko da yawa da za a iya amfani da su (zai yiwu a ƙirƙira na al'ada)
- Tunda SCADA kusan shine Toshewa da Kunna, Ina tsammanin akwai gazawa da aiki, amma ban gamu da shi ba.
- Juyawa tare da cikakken kwamiti na sarrafawa (zuƙowa, dakatarwa, gungurawa) ana nuna su kawai a cikin wata taga daban
- За cikakken aiki Dole ne ku biya da kyau don lasisi (daga 38000 rubles da sama)
Darajar: 4.5/5 Cika yana da kyau, marufi yana da kyau
Database
Anan zaɓin ya kasance mafi sauƙi; Simple SCADA yana ba da samfura biyu don amfani: MS SQL Server da MySQL. Na biyu ya zama kusa da ni, tun da na yi aiki da shi a baya, don haka na tsaya a nan.
Zan iya lura cewa gaba dayan saitin ajiya yana zuwa don shigar da fakiti daga Oracle da tsarin sa mai sauƙi, sa'an nan kuma haɗa cikin dannawa ɗaya zuwa SCADA.
Sa'an nan kuma mu zaɓi a cikin tag Manager abin da za a ajiye da abin da ba da kuma more.
Na gode duka saboda kulawar ku.
Na gaba akwai jerin kasidu tare da cikakken bayanin yadda za a magance matsalolin da muka fuskanta kuma, a sakamakon haka, ƙirƙirar tsarin Mataki-mataki.
source: www.habr.com