Dukkan jerin DNA na nau'ikan rayuwa da masana kimiyya suka yi nazari ana adana su a cikin rumbun adana bayanai mallakin Cibiyar Bayanin Biotechnology ta ƙasa a Amurka. Kuma a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, sabon shigarwa ya bayyana a cikin bayanan: "Caulobacter ethensis-2.0." Wannan shi ne farkon wanda aka kera cikakkiyar kwamfutoci a duniya sannan kuma ya hada kwayoyin halittar halitta mai rai, wanda masana kimiyya daga ETH Zurich (ETH Zurich) suka kirkira. Duk da haka, ya kamata a jaddada cewa duk da cewa kwayoyin halittar C. ethensis-2.0 an samu nasarar samu a cikin nau'i na babban kwayar halittar DNA, wata kwayar halitta mai kama da ita ba ta wanzu ba.
Beat Christen, farfesa ne a fannin nazarin halittu na gwaji, da ɗan'uwansa Matthias Christen, masanin sinadarai ne suka gudanar da aikin. Sabuwar kwayar halitta, mai suna Caulobacter ethensis-2.0, an ƙirƙira ta ta hanyar tsaftacewa da inganta yanayin yanayin ƙwayar cuta Caulobacter crescentus, ƙwayar cuta mara lahani da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai tsabta a duniya.
Fiye da shekaru goma da suka gabata, ƙungiyar da masanin ilimin halitta Craig Venter ya jagoranta ya haifar da ƙwayar cuta ta farko ta "Synthetic". A cikin aikinsu, masana kimiyya sun hada kwafin kwayar halittar Mycoplasma mycoides genome, sannan aka dasa shi a cikin kwayar halitta mai dauke da kwayar cutar, wanda daga nan ya zama mai cikakken inganci kuma yana da ikon sake haifuwa da kansa.
Sabon binciken ya ci gaba da aikin Kreiger. Idan a baya masana kimiyya sun ƙirƙiri samfurin dijital na DNA na ainihin halitta kuma suka haɗa kwayoyin halitta bisa shi, sabon aikin ya ci gaba, ta amfani da ainihin lambar DNA. Masana kimiyya sun sake yin aiki sosai kafin su haɗa shi da gwada aikin sa.
Masu binciken sun fara ne da asalin C. crescentus genome, wanda ke dauke da kwayoyin halitta 4000. Kamar yadda yake tare da kowane rayayyun halittu, yawancin waɗannan kwayoyin halitta ba sa ɗaukar wani bayani kuma suna "DNA takarce". Bayan bincike, masana kimiyya sun yanke shawarar cewa kawai 680 daga cikinsu wajibi ne don kula da rayuwar kwayoyin cuta a cikin dakin gwaje-gwaje.
Bayan cire DNA ɗin takarce da samun ƙaramin ƙwayar halittar C. crescentus, ƙungiyar ta ci gaba da aikinsu. DNA na rayayyun kwayoyin halitta yana da alaƙa da kasancewar ginanniyar sakewa, wanda ya ƙunshi gaskiyar cewa haɗin furotin guda ɗaya yana ɓoye ta hanyar kwayoyin halitta daban-daban a sassa da yawa na sarkar. Masu binciken sun maye gurbin fiye da 1/6 na haruffan DNA 800 a cikin ingantawa don cire kwafin lambar.
"Na gode wa algorithm ɗinmu, mun sake rubuta kwayar halitta gaba ɗaya a cikin sabon jerin haruffan DNA waɗanda ba su da kama da na asali," in ji Beat Christen, marubucin marubucin binciken. "A lokaci guda, aikin nazarin halittu a matakin haɗin furotin bai canza ba."
Don gwada ko sarkar da aka samu za ta yi aiki da kyau a cikin tantanin halitta mai rai, masu binciken sun girma nau'in ƙwayoyin cuta waɗanda ke da nau'in halittar Caulobacter na halitta da sassan jikin ɗan adam a cikin DNA. Masana kimiyya sun kashe kwayoyin halittar mutum guda kuma sun gwada ikon takwarorinsu na wucin gadi don yin irin wannan rawar ta ilimin halitta. Sakamakon ya kasance mai ban sha'awa sosai: kimanin 580 daga cikin 680 kwayoyin halitta sun zama masu aiki.
"Tare da ilimin da aka samu, za mu iya inganta algorithm mu kuma inganta sabon sigar genome 3.0," in ji Kristen. "Mun yi imanin cewa nan gaba kadan za mu samar da kwayoyin halitta masu rai tare da kwayar halittar kwayar halitta gaba daya."
A mataki na farko, irin wannan binciken zai taimaka wa masana ilimin halitta su bincika daidaiton iliminsu a fagen fahimtar DNA da kuma rawar da kwayoyin halitta guda ɗaya ke cikinsa, tun da duk wani kuskure a cikin haɗin sarkar zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa kwayoyin halitta tare da sabon genome zai mutu ko ya lalace. A nan gaba, za su haifar da fitowar ƙwayoyin cuta na roba waɗanda za a ƙirƙira don ayyuka da aka ƙaddara. Kwayoyin cuta na wucin gadi za su iya yin yaƙi da danginsu na halitta, kuma ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman za su samar da bitamin ko magunguna.
An buga binciken ne a cikin mujallar PNAS.
source: 3dnews.ru