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Duk da yake muna cikin ci gaba , muna so mu gayyace ku don tattauna ɗaya daga cikin manyan batutuwan da muke aiki akai-akai kwanan nan - hulɗar Windows da Linux, masu alaka, musamman, ga ci gaban tsarin. . WSL 2 yana kan hanyarsa, kuma ga taƙaitaccen bayanin abin da zai zo a cikin wannan tsarin ƙasa, da kuma hasashen haɗin kai na gaba tsakanin Windows da Linux.
A watan Mayu na wannan shekara, Microsoft ya sanar da cewa WSL2, sabon sigar tsarin tsarin Windows akan Linux, zai gudana akan cikakkiyar kwaya ta Linux da aka gina a cikin gida.
Wannan shine karo na farko da Microsoft ya haɗa kernel Linux a matsayin wani sashi a cikin Windows. Microsoft kuma yana gabatar da layin umarni zuwa Windows wanda zai fadada iyawar PowerShell da WSL.
Duka kernel Linux na WSL2, wanda Microsoft ya ƙirƙira, da sabon layin umarni na Windows suna da sha'awa da farko ga masu haɓakawa.
Joshua Schwartz, darektan shirye-shirye na dijital a kamfanin tuntuɓar AT Kearney ya ce "Wannan shine mafi ƙarfi motsi a wasan da AWS."
Makomar Microsoft ba ta da alaƙa da kasuwar PC, kodayake za ta ci gaba da riƙe matsayinta a wannan ɓangaren. Zai zama mafi mahimmanci don samun gindin zama a cikin kasuwar girgije, ɗayan abubuwan da ke cikin abin da zai iya zama kwamfutocin tebur a nan gaba.
Menene WSL2 ke yi?
WSL2 shine sabon tsarin tsarin Windows na Linux. Yana ba ku damar haɓaka aikin tsarin fayil kuma yana ba da cikakkiyar dacewa tare da kiran tsarin.
Ɗaya daga cikin manyan buƙatun daga al'ummar WSL yana da alaƙa da haɓaka aikin. WSL2 yana gudanar da kayan aikin Linux da yawa fiye da WSL, musamman Docker da FUSE.
WSL2 yana ɗaukar ayyuka masu ƙarfi na fayil, musamman git clone, shigar npm, sabuntawa mai dacewa, da haɓakawa mai dacewa. Haƙiƙanin haɓaka saurin ya dogara da takamaiman aikace-aikacen da yadda yake hulɗa da tsarin fayil.
Gwaje-gwajen farko sun nuna cewa WSL2 ya kusan sau 20 cikin sauri fiye da WSL1 a cikin kwashe kwalta daga zip. Lokacin amfani da git clone, npm shigar da cmake a cikin ayyuka daban-daban, tsarin ya nuna haɓakar aiki sau biyu zuwa biyar.
Shin wannan zai taimaka samun amincewar masu haɓakawa?
A zahiri, Microsoft yana neman samun karɓuwa da amincewa ga al'ummar masu haɓakawa ta hanyar haɓaka sigar sa ta Linux kernel don tallafawa ayyukan WSL2, in ji Cody Swann, Shugaba na Fasahar Gunner.
"Baya ga haɓakawa sosai don Windows, ƙirƙirar duk sauran aikace-aikacen - girgije, wayar hannu, aikace-aikacen yanar gizo - akan PC ba shi da daɗi sosai, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa mai haɓakawa ko ta yaya ya fara rarraba Linux a layi daya da Windows OS. Microsoft ya gane hakan kuma ya fito da mafita, ”in ji shi.
Yana da wuya cewa gabatar da kwaya na Linux na al'ada zai yi tasiri mai tsanani akan tsarin daga ra'ayi na matsakaicin mai amfani. Koyaya, wannan yana buɗe damar samun kusanci tsakanin ayyukan Microsoft da tsarin aiki na Linux.
Wannan yunƙurin a ɓangaren Microsoft hakika yana da wayo sosai, tunda yana taimakawa wajen kutsawa cikin zurfafa cikin al'ummar masu haɓakawa, da kuma yin amfani da samfuran da wani ke haɓakawa - wato haɗi zuwa buɗaɗɗen tushe, in ji Swann.
Barka da zuwa Sabon Microsoft
Halin zuwa ƙirƙira da kiyaye kwaya ta Linux "musamman don Windows" yana nuna ƙaƙƙarfan jagorar buɗaɗɗen tushe wanda Shugaba Satya Nadella ya haɓaka. Microsoft ya daina zama ɗaya kamar yadda yake a ƙarƙashin Gates da Ballmer, lokacin da aka ajiye komai a bayan shinge na mallakar mallaka, kuma babu wanda ya yi tunanin haɗin kai.
"Satya ya canza Microsoft gaba daya zuwa wani dandamali na zamani, kuma wannan dabarar ta sami sakamako mai kyau. Sannu, babban jarin dala tiriliyan,” in ji Schwartz.
A cewar Charles King, babban manazarci a Pund-IT, manyan abubuwan Microsoft guda biyu sune inganci da tsaro.
Ya kara da cewa "Ta hanyar yin amfani da nasa manyan ci gaban - albarkatu da kayan aikin - kamfani na iya ba abokan ciniki tabbacin cewa kwaya za ta kasance ta zamani kuma za ta kasance tare da sabbin faci da gyare-gyare don tabbatar da cikakken tsaro," in ji shi.
Masu haɓakawa kuma suna amfana
Binaries Linux suna yin ayyuka da yawa ta amfani da kiran tsarin, kamar samun dama ga fayiloli, neman ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, da ƙirƙirar matakai. WSL1 ya dogara ne da layin fassarar don fassara yawancin waɗannan kiran tsarin kuma ya basu damar yin hulɗa tare da Windows NT kernel.
Abu mafi wahala shine aiwatar da duk kiran tsarin. Tun da ba a yi wannan a cikin WSL1 ba, wasu aikace-aikacen ba za su iya aiki a wurin ba. WSL2 yana gabatar da sabbin aikace-aikace da yawa waɗanda ke aiki da kyau a wannan yanayin.
Sabuwar gine-ginen yana bawa Microsoft damar kawo sabbin abubuwan ingantawa zuwa kwaya ta Linux da sauri fiye da WSL1. Microsoft na iya sabunta ainihin WSL2 maimakon sake aiwatar da duk ƙuntatawa.
Cikakken buɗe kayan aikin tushe
Ci gaban Microsoft na kernel na Linux shine ƙarshen aikin shekaru na Linux Systems Group, da sauran ƙungiyoyi da yawa a cikin Microsoft, in ji Jack Hammons, manajan shirye-shirye a Linux Systems Group, Microsoft.
Kwayar da aka tanada don WSL2 za ta zama tushen gaba ɗaya buɗe, kuma Microsoft za ta buga umarni kan yadda ake gina irin wannan kwaya akan GitHub. Kamfanin zai shiga tare da masu haɓaka shirye-shiryen taimakawa aikin da fitar da canjin ƙasa.
Masu haɓaka Microsoft sun ƙirƙiri WSL2 ta amfani da ci gaba da haɗin kai da tsarin isar da ci gaba na kamfanin. Za a yi amfani da wannan software ta tsarin sabunta Windows kuma za ta kasance gaba ɗaya ga mai amfani. Kwayar za ta kasance ta zamani kuma ta haɗa da duk fasalulluka na sabon reshe na Linux.
Don tabbatar da samun tushen tushe, kamfanin yana nuna ma'ajiyar ma'auni a cikin gida, koyaushe yana sa ido kan abubuwan da ke cikin jerin imel ɗin tsaro na Linux, kuma yana aiki tare da kamfanoni da yawa waɗanda ke tallafawa bayanan bayanai a cikin mahallin kama-da-wane na kasuwanci (CVEs). Wannan yana tabbatar da cewa kernel na Microsoft na Linux ya sabunta tare da sabbin abubuwan sabuntawa kuma yana kawar da duk wata barazanar da ta kunno kai.
Canje-canje na ƙasa ya zama wajibi
Microsoft yana tabbatar da cewa duk canje-canjen kwaya ana yada su a sama, muhimmin bangare na falsafar Linux. Tallafawa faci na ƙasa ya zo tare da ƙarin rikitarwa; Bugu da ƙari, wannan al'ada ba ta zama ruwan dare a cikin jama'ar budewa ba.
Manufar Microsoft a matsayin mai amfani da Linux mai aiki shine ya zama memba mai ladabi na al'umma kuma ya ba da gudummawar canje-canje ga al'umma. Don tabbatar da kwanciyar hankali na rassan da ke da alaƙa da tallafi na dogon lokaci, wasu faci - alal misali waɗanda ke ɗauke da sabbin abubuwa - ƙila a haɗa su cikin sabbin nau'ikan kernel kawai, kuma ba a tura su zuwa sigar LTS na yanzu a yanayin daidaitawa na baya ba.
Lokacin da tushen tushen WSL ke samuwa, za su ƙunshi hanyoyin haɗin kai zuwa saitin faci da wani yanki mai tsayi mai tsayi na tushen. Microsoft yana tsammanin wannan jeri zai ragu na tsawon lokaci yayin da ake rarraba faci a sama kuma ana ƙara sabbin facin gida don tallafawa sabbin fasalolin WSL.
Ƙarin ƙirar taga mai daɗi
Microsoft ya kuma sanar da sigar hunturu mai zuwa na Windows Terminal, sabon app don masu amfani waɗanda ke aiki tare da kayan aikin layin umarni da harsashi, kamar Command Prompt, PowerShell, da WSL.
Windows Terminal
Windows Terminal 1.0 yana ba da saitunan da yawa da zaɓuɓɓukan daidaitawa waɗanda ke ba ku ƙarin iko akan bayyanar taga ta ƙarshe, da kuma kan harsashi/ bayanan martaba waɗanda yakamata su buɗe azaman sabbin shafuka.
Za a adana saitunan a cikin fayil ɗin rubutu da aka tsara, yana sauƙaƙa su don daidaitawa da tsara tagar tasha zuwa dandano.
Microsoft ba ya sake sabunta na'ura mai kwakwalwa ta Windows kuma yana ƙirƙirar sabo daga karce, yana yanke shawarar ɗaukar sabon salo. Windows Terminal yana shigarwa kuma yana gudana a layi daya tare da aikace-aikacen Console na Windows da ke fitowa daga cikin akwatin.
Ta yaya wannan aikin
Lokacin da mai amfani Windows 10 ya ƙaddamar da Cmd/PowerShell/da sauransu kai tsaye, ana kunna tsarin da aka haɗa zuwa misalin Console na yau da kullun. Sabuwar injin daidaitawar tasha yana bawa masu amfani da Windows damar ƙirƙirar bayanan martaba da yawa don duk harsashi/ aikace-aikace/kayan aikin da suke so, ko a cikin PowerShell, Command Prompt, Ubuntu, ko ma haɗin SSH zuwa na'urorin Azure ko IoT.
Waɗannan bayanan martaba na iya samar da nasu haɗin ƙira da girman rubutu, jigogi masu launi, matakan blur bango ko bayyana gaskiya. Bugu da kari, masu amfani za su iya zaɓar sabon font na sararin samaniya don sanya taga tasha ta zama mafi zamani da sanyi. Wannan font ɗin yana ƙunshe da ligatures na shirye-shirye; za a fito da shi a bainar jama'a kuma a adana shi a ma'ajiyar ta.
Babban fa'idodin sabon ƙirar umarni na Windows sune shafuka da yawa da kyawawan rubutu. An ɗauki goyan bayan shafuka da yawa a matsayin buƙatun da aka fi nema don haɓaka tasha. Ana samun kyakkyawan rubutu godiya ga injin ma'ana wanda ya dogara da DirectWrite/DirectX, sanye take da haɓakar GPU.
Injin ɗin yana nuna gumakan rubutu, glyphs da haruffa na musamman waɗanda aka samo a cikin haruffa, gami da Sinanci, Jafananci da akidar Koriya (CJK), emoji, alamomin layin wutar lantarki, gumaka da haɗin shirye-shirye. Bugu da ƙari, wannan injin yana ba da rubutu da sauri fiye da GDI da aka yi amfani da shi a baya a cikin na'ura wasan bidiyo.
Daidaituwar baya ya kasance cikin cikakken tsari, kodayake kuna iya gwada Terminal na Windows idan kuna so.
Chronology: yadda zai faru
Microsoft zai samar da Windows Terminal ta cikin Shagon Microsoft a ciki Windows 10 da sabunta shi akai-akai. Ta wannan hanyar, masu amfani koyaushe za su kasance na zamani tare da sabbin nau'ikan da sabbin kayan haɓakawa - ba tare da kusan ƙarin ƙoƙari ba.
Microsoft na shirin kaddamar da wani sabon tasha a cikin hunturu mai zuwa. Da zarar Microsoft ta fitar da Windows Terminal 1.0, masu haɓakawa za su ci gaba da aiki akan yawancin abubuwan da aka riga aka dawo dasu.
Windows Terminal da Windows Console Source Code ku GitHub.
Menene zai jira mu a nan gaba?
Yiwuwar Microsoft za ta yi amfani da kwaya ta Linux don wasu dalilai, alal misali, don haɓaka nata rarraba Linux, da alama ɗan zato ne a yau.
Wataƙila sakamakon ya dogara ne akan ko Microsoft ya sami damar samun buƙatu mai mahimmanci ga irin wannan samfur, da kuma waɗanne damar kasuwanci irin waɗannan ci gaban za su iya buɗewa, in ji Charles King.
Yana ganin abin da kamfanin zai mayar da hankali a nan gaba zai kasance ne kan sanya Windows da Linux su kara dacewa da juna.
Joshua Schwartz ya yi imanin cewa a cikin wannan yanayin zai zama dole don auna abin da zuba jari a cikin wannan aikin zai kasance da kuma abin da zai dawo. Idan Microsoft ya kasance ƙaramin kamfani a yau, tabbas zai yi komai bisa Linux. Koyaya, jigilar duk abubuwan haɓakawa da aka riga aka samu daga Microsoft zuwa ƙirar Linux ta asali a yau da alama aiki ne mai tsada da sarƙaƙiya wanda ba zai iya biya da kyau ba. Masoyan Linux za su sami nasu Linux kuma ainihin gine-ginen za su ci gaba da kasancewa.
Lokacin da Apple ya sake ƙirƙira Mac OS a cikin 2000, tsarin aiki ya dogara ne akan BSD Unix, wanda ya fi kama da Linux fiye da DOS. A yau, ana ƙirƙirar sabon sigar Microsoft Windows bisa Linux.
Watakila sabuwar kofa ta bude mana?
Kernel na Microsoft na Linux zai iya ba da hanya don haɓaka haɗin gwiwa tsakanin ayyukan Windows da tsarin aiki na Linux. A zahiri, waɗannan ci gaban ta Microsoft suna nuna cewa Microsoft da kanta ta rigaya ta fahimta: a yau kusan babu kwastomomi da suka rage waɗanda suka gwammace su wanzu a cikin duniyar da komai shine Windows.
Yana da ma'ana sosai don amfani da fasahohi iri-iri da tsarin da suka fi dacewa da buƙatun kasuwanci da takamaiman yanayi masu amfani.
Babbar tambayar dabarun ita ce, waɗanne sabbin damammaki dabarun wannan yunkuri ya buɗe wa dandalin Microsoft da kansa?
Azure, yanayin yanayin girgije na Microsoft, ya riga ya ba da babban tallafi ga Linux. A baya can, Windows yana goyan bayan Linux da kyau ta amfani da injunan kama-da-wane.
Babban canje-canjen da ke faruwa a yau sun kasance saboda gaskiyar cewa yanzu tsarin Linux zai gudana ta asali akan kwayayar Windows, wanda ke nufin cewa yin aiki tare da Linux daga Windows zai yi sauri fiye da na'urori masu kama-da-wane. Da alama a sakamakon haka, Azure zai wadatar da kansa tare da dukkanin injiniyoyi masu amfani da Linux akan sikelin masana'antu.
source: www.habr.com