Ina ganin haka , jama'a sun ji daɗin ɓangaren tarihin labarina, don haka ba laifi ba ne a ci gaba.
Jiragen ƙasa masu sauri kamar TGV ba sa dogara da birki na iska
A yau za mu yi magana ne game da zamani, wato, waɗanne hanyoyin samar da tsarin birki don birgima ana amfani da su a ƙarni na 21, wanda a zahiri ya shiga shekaru goma na uku a cikin wata ɗaya kawai.
1. Rarraba birki na mirgina
Dangane da ka'idar zahiri na ƙirƙirar ƙarfin birki, duk birkin jirgin ƙasa za a iya raba shi zuwa manyan nau'ikan biyu: gogayya, ta yin amfani da karfin juyi, da kuma m, ta yin amfani da motar motsa jiki don ƙirƙirar juzu'in birki.
Birki mai jujjuyawa ya haɗa da birkin takalma na kowane ƙira, gami da birkin diski, haka ma Magnetic dogo birki, wanda ake amfani da shi a cikin sufuri mai sauri mai tsayi, musamman a Yammacin Turai. A kan hanya ta 1520, irin wannan nau'in birki an yi amfani da shi ne kawai akan jirgin ƙasa na lantarki na ER200. Dangane da Sapsan guda kuma, layin dogo na kasar Rasha ya ki yin amfani da birkin dogo na maganadisu a kai, duk da cewa samfurin wannan jirgin kasa mai amfani da wutar lantarki, Jamus ICE3, yana da irin wannan birki.
Bogie jirgin kasa na ICE3 tare da birki na dogo
Sapsan jirgin kasa trolley
Don motsawa, ko maimakon haka electrodynamic birki sun haɗa da duk birki, aikin wanda ya dogara ne akan canja wurin injin ɗin zuwa yanayin janareta (farfadowa и rheostat birki), da kuma birki adawa
Tare da regenerative da rheostatic birki, duk abin da ya bayyana a sarari - injuna suna canzawa zuwa yanayin janareta ta wata hanya ko wata, kuma a cikin yanayin farfadowa suna sakin makamashi a cikin hanyar sadarwar sadarwa, kuma a cikin yanayin rheostat, makamashin da aka samar shine. ƙone a kan musamman resistors. Ana amfani da birkin biyu a kan jiragen ƙasa masu motsi da kuma kan juzu'i masu yawa, inda birki na lantarki shine babban birki na sabis, saboda yawan adadin injin da aka rarraba a cikin jirgin. Babban hasara na birki na lantarki (EDB) shine rashin yiwuwar yin birki zuwa cikakken tsayawa. Lokacin da ingancin EDT ya ragu, ana maye gurbinsa ta atomatik da birki na huhu.
Dangane da jujjuyawar birki, yana ba da birki ga cikakken tsayawa, tunda ya ƙunshi jujjuya injin ɗin yayin motsi. Duk da haka, wannan yanayin, a mafi yawan lokuta, yanayin gaggawa ne - amfani da shi na yau da kullum yana cike da lalacewa ga motar motsa jiki. Idan muka ɗauka, alal misali, motar motsa jiki, to, lokacin da polarity na ƙarfin lantarki da aka ba shi ya canza, baya-EMF da ke tasowa a cikin motar mai juyawa ba a cire shi daga wutar lantarki ba amma an kara da shi - ƙafafun biyu sun juya kuma suna juyawa. juya a cikin hanya guda kamar yadda a cikin yanayin gogayya! Wannan yana haifar da haɓaka kamar ƙanƙara a halin yanzu, kuma mafi kyawun abin da zai iya faruwa shine na'urorin kariya na lantarki zasu yi aiki.
Don haka, a kan motocin hawa da kuma jiragen ƙasa masu amfani da wutar lantarki, ana ɗaukar dukkan matakan hana injuna juyawa yayin motsi. Ana kulle hannun mai juyawa da injina lokacin da mai kula da direba ke cikin wuraren aiki. Kuma a kan motocin Sapsan da Lastochka guda ɗaya, jujjuya juzu'i a cikin sauri sama da 5 km / h zai haifar da birki na gaggawa nan da nan.
Duk da haka, wasu locomotives na gida, misali VL65 locomotive na lantarki, suna amfani da birki na baya a matsayin daidaitaccen yanayin a ƙananan gudu.
Juya birki shine daidaitaccen yanayin birki da tsarin sarrafawa ke bayarwa akan locomotive na lantarki VL65
Dole ne a faɗi cewa duk da ingancin birki na lantarki, kowane jirgin ƙasa, na jaddada, koyaushe yana sanye da birki mai sarrafa kansa ta atomatik, wato, kunna ta hanyar sakin iska daga layin birki. Duka a cikin Rasha da kuma ko'ina cikin duniya, kyawawan tsoffin birki na takalmin gyaran kafa suna kiyaye lafiyar zirga-zirga.
Dangane da manufar aikin su, nau'in juzu'i sun kasu zuwa
- Yin kiliya, manual ko atomatik
- Train - pneumatic (PT) ko electro-pneumatic (EPT), birki, wanda aka sanya a kan kowace naúrar mirgina a kan jirgin kuma ana sarrafa ta tsakiya daga taksi na direba.
- Locomotive – birki mai ɗaukar huhu kai tsaye wanda aka ƙera don rage gudu ba tare da rage jinkirin jirgin ba. Ana sarrafa su daban da jiragen kasa.
2. Yin parking birki
Birki na hannu tare da injin injin bai ɓace ba daga hannun mirgina; an sanya shi akan duka locomotives da motoci - kawai ya canza ƙwararrun sa, wato, ya juya ya zama birki na fakin, wanda ke ba da damar hana motsi na mirgina ba tare da bata lokaci ba. hannun jari a yayin da iska ta kuɓuta daga tsarin sa na pneumatic. Motar ja, mai kama da na jirgin ruwa, birki ce ta hannu, ɗaya daga cikin bambance-bambancensa.
Sitiyarin birki na hannu a cikin ɗakin mashin ɗin lantarki na VL60pk
Birki na hannu a cikin katafaren motar fasinja
Birki na hannu akan motan kaya na zamani
Birkin hannu, ta amfani da faifan inji, yana danna mashin guda ɗaya akan ƙafafun da ake amfani da su yayin birki na yau da kullun.
A kan kayan mirgina na zamani, musamman a kan jiragen kasa na lantarki EVS1/EVS2 “Sapsan”, ES1 “Lastochka”, da kuma a kan locomotive na lantarki EP20, birki na ajiye motoci yana atomatik kuma ana danna pads a kan faifan birki. spring makamashi accumulators. Wasu daga cikin hanyoyin pincer waɗanda ke danna fayafai zuwa fayafai na birki suna sanye take da maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi sosai ta yadda za a fitar da shi ta hanyar injin huhu tare da matsa lamba na 0,5 MPa. Motar huhu, a cikin wannan yanayin, yana magance maɓuɓɓugan ruwa waɗanda ke danna mashin. Ana sarrafa wannan birki ta hanyar maɓalli a kan na'urar wasan bidiyo na direba.
Maɓallai don sarrafa birki na bazara (SPT) akan jirgin ƙasa na lantarki ES1 “Lastochka”
Zane na wannan birki yayi kama da wanda ake amfani da shi akan manyan motoci masu ƙarfi. Amma a matsayin babban birki a kan jiragen kasa, irin wannan tsarin gaba daya bai dace ba, kuma me yasa, zan yi bayani dalla-dalla bayan labarin game da aikin birki na jirgin kasa.
3. Nau'in Mota na pneumatic birki
Kowace motar daukar kaya tana sanye da kayan aikin birki masu zuwa
Kayan aikin birki na motar jigilar kaya: 1 - igiyar haɗa birki; 2 - bawul na ƙarshe; 3 - bawul tasha; 5 - mai tara ƙura; 6, 7, 9 - yanayin masu rarraba iska. Na 483; 8 - cire haɗin bawul; VR - mai rarraba iska; TM - layin birki; ZR - tanki ajiya; TC - silinda birki; AR - yanayin atomatik kaya
Layin birki (TM) - bututu tare da diamita na 1,25" yana gudana tare da dukan motar, a ƙarshensa an sanye shi da shi. ƙarshen bawuloli, don cire haɗin layin birki lokacin kwance motar kafin cire haɗin haɗin haɗin mai sassauƙa. A cikin layin birki, a cikin yanayin al'ada, abin da ake kira caja matsa lamba shine 0,50 - 0,54 MPa, don haka cire haɗin hoses ba tare da rufe bawul ɗin ƙarshen ba aiki ne mai ban mamaki, wanda zai iya hana ku a zahiri.
Ana adana iskar da aka kawo kai tsaye zuwa silinda birki a ciki ajiyar tanki (ZR), da girma na wanda a mafi yawan lokuta shi ne 78 lita. Matsa lamba a cikin tafki ajiya daidai yake da matsa lamba a layin birki. Amma a'a, ba 0,50 - 0,54 MPa ba. Gaskiyar ita ce irin wannan matsa lamba zai kasance a cikin layin birki a kan locomotive. Kuma da nisa daga locomotive, rage matsa lamba a cikin layin birki, saboda babu makawa yana da ɗigogi da ke haifar da ɗigon iska. Don haka matsa lamba a layin birki na motar ƙarshe a kan jirgin zai zama ƙasa kaɗan da cajin.
Birki na birki, kuma a yawancin motoci akwai guda ɗaya kawai, idan aka cika ta daga tankin da aka keɓe, ta hanyar watsa birki yana danna dukkan pads ɗin da ke kan motar zuwa ƙafafun. Girman silinda na birki yana kimanin lita 8, don haka a lokacin cikakken birki, an kafa matsa lamba fiye da 0,4 MPa a ciki. Hakanan matsi a cikin tankin ajiyar yana raguwa zuwa ƙimar ɗaya.
Babban "dan wasan kwaikwayo" a cikin wannan tsarin shine mai rarraba iska. Wannan na'urar tana mayar da martani ga canje-canjen matsin lamba a layin birki, yin aiki ɗaya ko wani ya danganta da alkibla da adadin canjin wannan matsi.
Lokacin da matsin lamba a layin birki ya ragu, birki na faruwa. Amma ba tare da kowane raguwa a cikin matsa lamba ba - raguwa a cikin matsa lamba dole ne ya faru a wani adadi, wanda ake kira ƙimar sabis na birki. An tabbatar da wannan taki crane direba a cikin gidan locomotive kuma yana daga 0,01 zuwa 0,04 MPa a sakan daya. Lokacin da matsa lamba ya ragu a hankali, birki baya faruwa. Ana yin haka ne don kada birki ya yi aiki idan daidaitattun leaks daga layin birki ba su yi aiki ba, sannan kuma kada su yi aiki yayin da aka kawar da matsananciyar caji, wanda za mu yi magana game da shi nan gaba.
Lokacin da aka kunna mai rarraba iska don birki, yana yin ƙarin fitarwa na layin birki a ƙimar sabis na 0,05 MPa. Anyi wannan ne don tabbatar da raguwar matsa lamba tare da tsayin jirgin. Idan ba a yi ƙarin detente ba, to, motocin na ƙarshe na dogon jirgin ƙasa ba za su iya rage gudu ba kwata-kwata. Ana yin ƙarin fitar da layin birki duk masu rarraba iska na zamani, gami da na fasinja.
Lokacin da aka kunna birki, mai rarraba iska yana cire haɗin tafki daga layin birki kuma ya haɗa shi da silinda birki. Silinda birki yana cika. Yana faruwa daidai idan an ci gaba da raguwar matsin lamba a layin birki. Lokacin da raguwar matsa lamba a cikin ruwan birki ya tsaya, cika silinda na birki yana tsayawa. Mulki yana zuwa rufin rufin. Matsin da aka gina a cikin silinda birki ya dogara da abubuwa biyu:
- Zurfin fitar da layin birki, wato, girman faɗuwar matsi a cikinsa dangane da caji.
- Yanayin aiki mai rarraba iska
Mai rarraba iska mai ɗaukar kaya yana da yanayin aiki guda uku: ɗora (L), matsakaici (C) da fanko (E). Waɗannan hanyoyin sun bambanta a matsakaicin matsa lamba da aka samu a cikin silinda na birki. Ana yin musanya tsakanin hanyoyi da hannu ta hanyar juya riƙon yanayi na musamman.
Don taƙaitawa, dogaro da matsa lamba a cikin silinda na birki akan zurfin fitarwa na layin birki tare da mai rarraba iska mai lamba 483 a cikin hanyoyi daban-daban yayi kama da wannan.
Lalacewar yin amfani da yanayin canjin yanayi shi ne cewa ma'aikacin motar dole ne ya yi tafiya tare da dukkan jirgin, ya hau ƙarƙashin kowace mota kuma ya canza yanayin canjin yanayin zuwa matsayin da ake so. A cewar jita-jita da ke fitowa daga aikin, ba koyaushe ake yin hakan ba. Cike da yawa na birki na silinda akan motar da babu kowa yana cike da tsallake-tsallake, rage ƙarfin birki da lalacewar saiti. Don shawo kan wannan halin da ake ciki a kan motocin dakon kaya, abin da ake kira abin da ake kira yanayin atomatik (AR), wanda, ta hanyar injiniyanci yana ƙayyade yawan adadin motar, yana daidaita matsakaicin matsakaicin matsa lamba a cikin silinda. Idan mota sanye take da wani auto yanayin, sa'an nan da yanayin canzawa a kan VR an saita zuwa "Lokaci" matsayi.
Yawancin lokaci ana yin birki a matakai. Matsakaicin matakin fitarwa na layin birki na BP483 zai zama 0,06 - 0,08 MPa. A wannan yanayin, an kafa matsa lamba na 0,1 MPa a cikin silinda birki. A wannan yanayin, direban yana sanya bawul ɗin a cikin matsayi na haɗin gwiwa, inda ake kiyaye matsa lamba da aka saita bayan birki a cikin layin birki. Idan ingancin birki daga mataki ɗaya bai isa ba, ana yin mataki na gaba. A wannan yanayin, mai rarraba iska ba ya kula da irin nauyin da aka fitar da shi - lokacin da matsa lamba ya ragu a kowane nau'i, an cika silinda birki daidai da adadin raguwar matsa lamba.
Cikakkun sakin birki (cikakken zubar da birki na silinda akan dukkan jirgin ƙasa) ana yin shi ta hanyar ƙara matsa lamba a layin birki sama da matsin caji. Haka kuma, a kan jiragen dakon kaya, matsa lamba a cikin TM yana ƙaruwa sosai sama da na caji ɗaya, ta yadda ƙarar matsa lamba ta kai ga motoci na ƙarshe. Sakin birki gabaɗaya akan jirgin ƙasa mai ɗaukar kaya aiki ne mai tsayi kuma yana iya ɗaukar kusan minti ɗaya.
BP483 yana da yanayin hutu guda biyu: lebur da dutse. A cikin yanayin lebur, lokacin da matsin lamba a cikin layin birki ya ƙaru, cikakkiyar sakin da ba ta taka ba yana faruwa. A cikin yanayin tsaunuka, yana yiwuwa a saki birki a matakai, wanda ke nufin cewa ba a kwashe silinda birki gaba ɗaya ba. Ana amfani da wannan yanayin lokacin tuƙi tare da hadadden bayanin martaba tare da manyan gangara.
Mai rarraba iska 483 gabaɗaya na'ura ce mai ban sha'awa. Cikakken bincike na tsarinsa da aikinsa jigo ne don babban labarin daban. Anan mun kalli ka'idodin aiki na birki na kaya.
3. Nau'in fasinja iska birki
Kayan aikin birki na motar fasinja: 1 - haɗa tiyo; 2 - bawul na ƙarshe; 3, 5 - akwatunan haɗawa don layin lantarki-pneumatic birki; 4 - bawul tasha; 6 - bututu tare da lantarki-pneumatic birki wiwi; 7 - dakatarwar da aka keɓe na hannun rigar haɗi; 8 - mai tara ƙura; 9 - fitarwa zuwa mai rarraba iska; 10 - cire haɗin bawul; 11 - ɗakin aiki na mai rarraba iska na lantarki; TM - layin birki; VR - mai rarraba iska; EVR - mai rarraba iska na lantarki; TC - silinda birki; ZR - tanki mai kyauta
Babban adadin kayan aiki nan da nan ya kama ido, yana farawa da gaskiyar cewa an riga an sami bawul ɗin tsayawa guda uku (ɗaya a cikin kowane ɗaki, ɗayan kuma a cikin sashin gudanarwa), yana ƙarewa da gaskiyar cewa motocin fasinja na cikin gida suna sanye da duka nau'ikan huhu da huhu. electro-pneumatic birki (EPT).
Mai karatu mai kulawa nan da nan zai lura da babban koma baya na sarrafa birki na pneumatic - saurin ƙarshe na yaduwar birki, iyakance a sama da saurin sauti. A aikace, wannan gudun yana da ƙasa kuma ya kai 280 m/s yayin birkin sabis, da 300 m/s yayin birkin gaggawa. Bugu da ƙari, wannan gudun yana da ƙarfi ya dogara da yanayin iska kuma a cikin hunturu, alal misali, yana da ƙasa. Saboda haka, madawwamin aboki na pneumatic birki shine rashin daidaituwa na aikin su a cikin abun da ke ciki.
Ayyukan da ba su dace ba suna haifar da abubuwa biyu - faruwar mahimman halayen a tsaye a cikin jirgin, da kuma haɓakar nisan birki. Na farko ba haka ba ne na jiragen kasa na fasinja, kodayake kwantena masu shayi da sauran abubuwan sha da ke tashi a kan tebur a cikin ɗakin ba za su faranta wa kowa rai ba. Ƙara tazarar birki babbar matsala ce, musamman a zirga-zirgar fasinja.
Bugu da ƙari, mai rarraba iska na fasinja na cikin gida yana kama da tsohon misali. No. 292, da sabon yanayin. No. 242 (wanda, ta hanyar, akwai kuma da yawa daga cikinsu a cikin rundunar motocin fasinja), biyu daga cikin wadannan na'urorin ne kai tsaye zuriyar wannan Westinghouse sau uku bawul, kuma suna aiki a kan bambanci tsakanin biyu matsa lamba - a cikin layin birki da tafki mai ajiya. An bambanta su daga bawul ɗin sau uku ta kasancewar yanayin daidaitawa, wato, yiwuwar taka birki; kasancewar ƙarin fitarwa na layin birki yayin birki; kasancewar mai saurin birki na gaggawa a cikin ƙira. Wadannan masu rarraba iska ba sa samar da sakin layi - nan da nan suna ba da cikakkiyar saki da zarar matsin lamba a cikin layin birki ya wuce matsi a cikin tafki da aka kafa a can bayan birki. Kuma sakin da aka tako yana da matukar amfani yayin daidaita birki don tsayawa daidai a dandalin saukowa.
Duk matsalolin biyu - rashin daidaituwa aiki na birki da rashin sakin mataki, akan hanyar 1520 mm ana warware su ta hanyar shigar da mai rarraba iska mai sarrafa wutar lantarki akan motoci - lantarki mai rarraba iska (EVR), arb. Na 305.
EPT na cikin gida - electro-pneumatic birki - mai aiki kai tsaye, mara atomatik. A kan jiragen ƙasa na fasinja tare da motsi na locomotive, EPT yana aiki akan da'irar waya biyu.
Toshe zane na EPT mai waya biyu: 1 - mai sarrafawa akan crane direba; 2 - baturi; 3 - mai canza wutar lantarki; 4 - panel na fitilu masu sarrafawa; 5 - naúrar sarrafawa; 6 - toshe tasha; 7 - haɗin kai a kan hannayen riga; 8 - ware dakatarwa; 9 - bawul din semiconductor; 10 - saki electromagnetic bawul; 11- birki solenoid bawul.
Akwai wayoyi biyu da aka shimfiɗa tare da dukan jirgin: Na 1 da No. 2 a cikin adadi. A kan motar wutsiya, waɗannan wayoyi suna haɗe da juna ta hanyar lantarki kuma ana wuce ta hanyar madauki na yau da kullun tare da mitar 625 Hz. Anyi wannan don saka idanu kan amincin layin sarrafawa na EPT. Idan waya ta karye, an karye da'ira mai canzawa, direban yana karɓar sigina a cikin nau'in fitilar gargaɗin "O" (hutu) da ke fita a cikin taksi.
Ana gudanar da sarrafawa ta hanyar kai tsaye na polarity daban-daban. A wannan yanayin, waya tare da yuwuwar sifili shine rails. Lokacin da aka yi amfani da ingantacciyar wutar lantarki (dangane da rails) akan wayar EPT, ana kunna bawuloli na lantarki da aka sanya a cikin mai rarraba iska na lantarki: bawul ɗin saki (OV) da bawul ɗin birki (TV). Na farko daga cikinsu ya keɓe ɗakin aiki (WC) na mai rarraba iskar lantarki daga sararin samaniya, na biyu yana cika shi daga tanki mai ajiya. Bayan haka, maɓallin matsa lamba da aka shigar a cikin EVR ya zo cikin wasa, yana aiki akan bambancin matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin aiki da silinda birki. Lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin RC ya wuce matsa lamba a cikin TC, ƙarshen yana cike da iska daga tankin ajiya, har zuwa matsa lamba da aka tara a cikin ɗakin aiki.
Lokacin da aka yi amfani da mummunar tasiri a kan waya, bawul ɗin birki yana kashe, tun lokacin da diode ya yanke shi zuwa yanzu. Bawul ɗin saki kawai, wanda ke kula da matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin aiki, ya ci gaba da aiki. Wannan shine yadda aka gane matsayin rufin.
Lokacin da aka cire ƙarfin lantarki, bawul ɗin fitarwa ya rasa iko kuma yana buɗe ɗakin aiki zuwa yanayi. Lokacin da matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin aiki ya ragu, maɓallin matsa lamba yana fitar da iska daga silinda na birki. Idan, bayan ɗan gajeren hutu, an mayar da bawul ɗin direba a cikin wurin da aka rufe, raguwar matsa lamba a cikin ɗakin aiki zai tsaya, kuma sakin iska daga silinda na birki zai tsaya. Ta wannan hanyar, ana samun yuwuwar sakin birki na mataki-mataki.
Me zai faru idan wayar ta karye? Haka ne - EPT za ta saki. Saboda haka, wannan birki (a kan kayan mirgina na gida) ba na atomatik ba ne. Idan EPT ta gaza, direban yana da damar canzawa zuwa sarrafa birki na pneumatic.
EPT ana siffanta shi ta hanyar cika birki na silinda lokaci guda da zubar da su cikin jirgin. Adadin cikawa da komai yana da yawa - 0,1 MPa a sakan daya. EPT birki ne marar ƙarewa, tun lokacin da yake aiki mai rarraba iska na yau da kullun yana cikin yanayin sakin kuma yana ciyar da tafkunan ajiyar ruwa daga layin birki, wanda hakanan ana ciyar da direba ta famfo a kan locomotive daga babban tafki. Don haka, ana iya birki EPT a kowane mitar da ake buƙata don sarrafa birki na aiki. Yiwuwar sakin mataki yana ba ku damar sarrafa saurin jirgin cikin daidai kuma cikin sauƙi.
Ikon sarrafa huhu na birki na jirgin fasinja bai bambanta da birkin kaya ba. Akwai bambanci a cikin hanyoyin sarrafawa, alal misali, ana fitar da birki na iska zuwa matsin caji, ba tare da yin la'akari da shi ba. Gabaɗaya, wuce gona da iri na matsin lamba a layin birki na jirgin fasinja yana cike da matsaloli, don haka, lokacin da aka saki EPT gabaɗaya, matsa lamba a cikin layin birki yana ƙaruwa da matsakaicin 0,02 MPa sama da ƙimar saiti na caji. matsa lamba.
Matsakaicin zurfin fitarwa na ƙarfe mai nauyi yayin birki a kan birkin fasinja shine 0,04 - 0,05 MPa, yayin da aka ƙirƙiri matsa lamba na 0,1 - 0,15 MPa a cikin silinda birki. Matsakaicin matsa lamba a cikin silinda na birki na motar fasinja yana iyakance ta ƙarar tankin ajiyar kuma yawanci baya wuce 0,4 MPa.
ƙarshe
Yanzu zan juya ga wasu masu sharhi waɗanda suka yi mamaki (kuma a ganina, har ma sun fusata, amma ba zan iya cewa) da sarkar birki na jirgin kasa ba. Bayanan sun ba da shawarar yin amfani da da'irar mota tare da baturan ajiyar makamashi. Tabbas, daga gado mai matasai ko kujera na kwamfuta a ofis, ta taga mai bincike, matsaloli da yawa sun fi bayyane kuma hanyoyin magance su sun fi bayyana, amma bari in lura cewa yawancin yanke shawara na fasaha da aka yanke a duniyar gaske suna da tabbataccen hujja.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, babban matsala na pneumatic birki a kan jirgin kasa ne na karshe gudun da matsa lamba drop tare da dogon (har zuwa 1,5 km a cikin wani jirgin kasa 100 motoci) birki line bututu - birki kalaman. Don haɓaka wannan igiyar birki, ana buƙatar ƙarin fitarwa ta mai rarraba iska. Ba za a sami mai rarraba iska ba, kuma ba za a sami ƙarin fitarwa ba. Wato, birki a kan masu tara makamashi a fili zai zama mafi muni ta fuskar daidaiton aiki, wanda zai mayar da mu zamanin Westinghouse. Jirgin dakon kaya ba mota ba ne; akwai ma'auni daban-daban, saboda haka ka'idoji daban-daban don sarrafa birki. Na tabbata ba haka lamarin yake ba, kuma ba kwatsam ba ne cewa alkiblar kimiyyar birki ta duniya ta bi hanyar da ta kai mu ga irin wannan gini. Dot.
Wannan labarin wani nau'in bita ne na tsarin birki da ke kan kayan mirgina na zamani. Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wasu kasidu a cikin wannan silsilar, zan yi magana akan kowannensu dalla-dalla. Za mu koyi irin na'urori da ake amfani da su don sarrafa birki da yadda aka kera masu rarraba iska. Bari mu dubi al'amurran da suka shafi farfadowa da kuma rheostatic birki. Kuma ba shakka, bari mu yi la'akari da birki na motoci masu sauri. Mu sake ganin ku kuma na gode da kulawar ku!
P.S.: abokai! Ina so in faɗi godiya ta musamman don yawan saƙonnin sirri da ke nuna kurakurai da rubutattun rubutu a cikin labarin. Ee, ni mai zunubi ne wanda ba shi da abokantaka da harshen Rashanci kuma ya ruɗe akan maɓallan. Na yi ƙoƙarin gyara maganganunku.
source: www.habr.com