An ƙaddamar da dandamali na precursor don ƙirƙirar na'urorin hannu kyauta

Andrew Huang (Andrew Huang), mashahurin mai fafutuka don samun lambar yabo don kayan aikin kyauta EFF Pioneer Award 2012, gabatar bude dandali"Precursor", an tsara shi don ƙirƙirar ra'ayoyi don sababbin na'urorin hannu. Kamar yadda Rasberi Pi da Arduino ke ba ku damar ƙirƙirar na'urori don Intanet na Abubuwa, Precursor yana nufin samar da ikon ƙira da haɗa na'urorin hannu daban-daban don magance matsalolin ku da hannuwanku.

Ba kamar sauran ayyukan ba, Precursor yana ba masu goyon baya ba kawai allo ba, amma samfurin da aka shirya na na'urar šaukuwa tare da akwati na aluminum mai auna 69 x 138 x 7.2 mm, allon LCD (336x536), baturi (1100 mAh Li-Ion) , ƙaramin madannai, lasifika, injin girgiza, accelerometer da gyroscope. Kayan aikin kwamfuta baya zuwa tare da na'ura mai shiryarwa, amma tare da SoC da aka ayyana ta software dangane da Xilinx XC7S50 FPGA, akan abin da kwaikwayi na 32-bit RISC-V CPU da ke aiki a mitar 100 MHz. shirya. A lokaci guda kuma, babu hani kan kwaikwayar sauran kayan aikin hardware, alal misali, ana iya kwaikwayi aikin na'urori daban-daban, daga 6502 da Z-80 zuwa AVR da ARM, da guntuwar sauti da na'urori daban-daban. Jirgin ya ƙunshi 16 MB SRAM, 128 MB Flash, Wi-Fi Silicon Labs WF200C, nau'in USB C, SPI, I²C, GPIO.

Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da tsaro sun haɗa da kasancewar na'urori masu ƙira-bazuwar lamba guda biyu. Yana da ban sha'awa cewa na'urar da gaske tana zuwa ba tare da ginanniyar makirufo ba - an fahimci cewa liyafar sauti mai yuwuwa ne kawai idan an haɗa na'urar kai ta kai tsaye, kuma idan an cire na'urar kai tsaye, ba zai yuwu a jiki a tsara saƙon saurare ba, ko da na'urar. software ya lalace.

Guntu don sadarwar mara waya (Wi-Fi) hardware keɓe daga sauran dandamali kuma yana aiki a cikin wani yanayi na daban. Don kare kariya daga shiga mara izini, ana kuma amfani da akwati mai kullewa, RTC daban don sa ido kan gaskiya, da kuma sa ido kan motsi a yanayin jiran aiki (ko da yaushe akan accelerometer da gyroscope). Hakanan akwai sarkar lalata kai da share duk bayanai nan take, ana kunna ta ta amfani da maɓallin AES.

Ana amfani da yaren FDDL don bayyana abubuwan haɗin kayan masarufi Migen (Fragmented Hardware Description Language), bisa Python. An haɗa Migen a cikin tsarin LiteX, wanda ke ba da kayan aiki don ƙirƙirar da'irori na lantarki. An shirya bayanin SoC dangane da Precursor ta amfani da FPGA da LiteX Amana, ciki har da 100 MHz VexRISC-V RV32IMAC CPU, da kuma mai sakawa mai sarrafawa.
Betrusted-EC tare da 18 MHz LiteX VexRISC-V RV32I core.

The Betrusted SoC yana ba da ginanniyar saiti na asali na asali kamar janareta-bazuwar lamba, AES-128, -192, -256 tare da hanyoyin ECB, CBC da CTR, SHA-2 da SHA-512, injin crypto dangane da masu lankwasa elliptical Curve25519. An rubuta injin crypto a cikin SystemVerilog kuma yana dogara ne akan kernels na crypto daga aikin Google OpenTitan.

Precursor an sanya shi azaman dandamali don ƙirƙira da tabbatar da samfura, yayin da Betrusted yana ɗaya daga cikin shirye-shiryen na'urorin hannu waɗanda aka gina a saman Precursor. Tunda ɓangarorin gargajiya da aka yi amfani da su don keɓanta maɓallan crypto ba sa karewa daga manyan hare-hare kamar tattara kalmomin shiga ta amfani da maɓalli ko samun damar saƙo ta hanyar hoton allo, Betrusted yana ƙara abubuwan hulɗar mai amfani zuwa aiwatar da ɓoye (HCI,Human-Computer Interaction), tabbatar da cewa mahimman bayanai da ɗan adam zai iya karantawa ba su taɓa adanawa, nunawa, ko watsawa a waje da na'ura mai tsaro ba.

Amintacciya baya ƙoƙarin maye gurbin wayar hannu, a'a yana ƙirƙirar ƙaƙƙarfan shinge tare da shigarwar bayanai da fitarwa. Misali, ana iya amfani da wayar salula ta waje ta hanyar Wi-Fi a matsayin tashar bayanan da ba amintacce ba, amma rufaffen saƙon da ake watsa ana buga su ne kawai akan maɓallan na'urar Betrusted, kuma saƙonnin da aka karɓa ana nuna su akan allon da aka gina a ciki kawai. .

Duk abubuwan da aka riga aka gyara da ɓatanci buɗaɗɗe ne kuma akwai don gyarawa da gwaji a ƙarƙashin lasisi Buɗe Lasisin Hardware 1.2, yana buƙatar buɗe duk ayyukan da aka samu a ƙarƙashin lasisi ɗaya. Ciki har da bude схемы da cikakkun takardun aikin babba da allunan taimako, shirye aiwatarwa An Amince da SoC и mai sarrafawa (EC). Samfuran da ke akwai don bugu na 3D na gidaje. Har ila yau, yana tasowa ta hanyar ayyukan budewa saitin firmware kuma na musamman tsarin aiki Xous bisa microkernel.

source: budenet.ru