Aikace-aikacen RPA a cikin lissafin kimiyya da injiniyanci

Gabatarwa

A makaranta, don ƙarfafa iliminmu, an umarce mu mu warware misalai da yawa irin wannan. Mun kasance cikin fushi koyaushe: menene mahimmanci a nan? Sauya dabi'u biyu ko uku a cikin dabara kuma sami amsar. Ina jirgin tunani a nan? Gaskiya ta zama ta fi makaranta tsauri.

Yanzu ina aiki a matsayin manazarcin IT. Kafin in shiga filin IT, na yi aiki a matsayin injiniyan dumama, mai shirye-shiryen CNC, kuma na shiga cikin ayyukan bincike.

Daga gwaninta na, na tabbata cewa injiniyoyi da masana kimiyya suna ciyar da kashi 95% na lokacin aikin su akan irin waɗannan ayyukan "nau'i iri ɗaya". Yi lissafin ma'auni, dubawa, rikodin sakamakon, kwafi ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Ayyuka bayan aikin, gwaji bayan gwaji, kowace rana.

Ga misalai guda biyu daga aikina na baya.

Har zuwa 2019, na yi shimfidu don gyare-gyaren zafin jiki. Idan irin wannan samfurin an rufe shi da filastik mai zafi, za mu sami samfurin da ke maimaita lissafin wannan samfurin. Bayanin fasaha a nan.

Zagayowar samar da izgili yana buƙatar cikakken saitin aikace-aikace na musamman:

• Autodesk Inventor don ƙirar 3D;
• Excel don loda girman workpiece;
• Excel don ƙididdige farashin shimfidar wuri;
• HSM module don ƙirƙirar shirin kula da CNC;
• Tsarin fayil ɗin kwamfuta don sarrafa fayilolin shirin;
• Yanayin Mach3 don sarrafa injin CNC.

Dole ne a canja wurin bayanai da hannu daga yanayi zuwa yanayi, kuma waɗannan sun haɗa da duka teburi da jeri na ƙima. Tsarin yana jinkirin, kuma kuskure yakan faru.

Kafin haka, na shiga cikin haɓakawa da samar da jagororin haske (mahada). An yi bincike da yawa, ƙira da ƙididdigewa a wurin: wurare na musamman don ƙididdige zafin jiki da hasken wuta (Ansys, Dialux), da ƙididdiga masu tasiri, da Autocad da Inventor don ƙira da zane. Kuma a nan irin waɗannan matsalolin: sakamakon lissafin daga aikace-aikacen ɗaya yana buƙatar a ja shi zuwa wani aikace-aikacen don lissafi na gaba. Sabili da haka sau da yawa a cikin neman mafita mafi kyau duka.

Lokacin injiniya da lokacin masana kimiyya lokaci ne mai matukar amfani. Ba muna maganar albashi a nan. Bayan lissafin injiniyan akwai babban aiki tare da ƙungiya. Bayan binciken masanin kimiyya ya ta'allaka ne da yanayin masana'antu gaba daya. Amma sau da yawa ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun "wauta" suna canja wurin ƙima daga wannan shirin zuwa wani maimakon haɓaka ra'ayoyi, ƙira, fassarar sakamako, tattaunawa da tunani tare da abokan aiki.

Alamar yanayin kasuwancin zamani shine saurin gudu. Kasuwar tana ci gaba da turawa. A cikin 2014, mun ɗauki makonni 2-3 don yin samfurin. A cikin 2018, kwanaki uku ne, kuma hakan ya riga ya yi tsayi da yawa. Yanzu dole ne mai ƙira ya samar da zaɓuɓɓukan mafita da yawa a lokaci guda waɗanda aka ware a baya zuwa zaɓi ɗaya kawai.

Kuma ƙarin batu - zuba jari da kasada. Domin "kama" aikin, dole ne kamfani ya saka hannun jari ~ 6% na farashin wannan aikin a cikin haɓakar ra'ayi kafin kulla yarjejeniya tare da abokin ciniki. Wadannan kudade sun tafi:

• don bincike;
• zane na ra'ayi;
• kima farashin aiki;
• shirye-shiryen zane-zane, da dai sauransu.

Kamfanin yana fitar da su daga aljihunsa, wannan hadarin nasa ne. Hankali ga ra'ayin yana buƙatar lokacin ƙwararru, kuma suna aiki da ayyukan yau da kullun.

Bayan samun masaniya da kayan aikin aiki a cikin kamfanin IT, na zama sha'awar abin da ayyukan sarrafa kansa na kasuwanci zai iya zama da amfani ga injiniyoyi. Don haka, 'yan kasuwa sun daɗe suna amfani da tsarin sarrafa mutum-mutumi (RPA) don yaƙi da yau da kullun.

Masana'antun RPA suna da'awar fa'idodi masu zuwa na irin wannan kayan aikin sarrafa kansa:

1. versatility (robot yana iya aiki tare da kowane aikace-aikace, tare da kowane tushen bayanai);
2. sauƙi na koyo (ba a buƙatar ƙwarewa mai zurfi a cikin shirye-shirye da gudanarwa);
3. saurin ci gaba (algorithm ɗin da aka gama yana ɗaukar lokaci kaɗan fiye da shirye-shiryen gargajiya);
4. ainihin taimako na ma'aikaci daga ayyukan yau da kullum.

Dangane da waɗannan sharuɗɗan, za mu bincika menene tasirin amfani da RPA ke cikin ƙididdiga na injiniya/kimiyya.

Bayanin misali

Bari mu kalli misali mai sauƙi. Akwai katako mai katako mai kaya.

Mu kalli wannan matsalar daga matsayin injiniya da kuma matsayin masanin kimiyya.

Shari'ar "Injiniya": akwai katako mai tsayi mai tsayi 2 m. Dole ne ya riƙe nauyin nauyin kilo 500 tare da gefen aminci mai ninki 3. An yi katako da bututun rectangular. Wajibi ne don zaɓar sashin katako bisa ga kasida na GOST.

Case "masanin kimiyya": gano yadda yawan nauyin kaya, sashin giciye da tsayin katako ya shafi ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin wannan katako. Samo ma'aunin koma baya.

A cikin lokuta biyu, ana la'akari da ƙarfin nauyi, wanda ke aiki a kan katako daidai da yawan ƙwayar katako.

Bari mu yi nazari dalla-dalla na shari'ar farko - "injiniya". Ana aiwatar da shari'ar "masanin kimiyya" a irin wannan hanya.

A fasaha, misalinmu yana da sauƙi. Kuma kwararre kan batu zai iya lissafta shi kawai akan na'urar lissafi. Muna da wata manufa: don nuna yadda maganin RPA zai iya taimakawa lokacin da aikin ya zama babba.

A cikin sauƙi, mun kuma lura: sashin giciye na bututu shine madaidaicin rectangle, ba tare da zagaye sasanninta ba, ba tare da la'akari da weld ba.

Aikin injiniya

Babban makirci na shari'ar "injiniya" shine kamar haka:

1. A kan takardar Excel muna da tebur tare da kewayon bututu bisa ga GOST.
2. Ga kowane shigarwa a cikin wannan tebur, dole ne mu gina ƙirar 3D a cikin Mai ƙirƙira Autodesk.
3. Sa'an nan, a cikin Inventor Stress Analyes muhallin, muna yin lissafin ƙarfi kuma mu loda sakamakon lissafin zuwa html.
4. Mun sami darajar "Maximum von Mises stress" a cikin sakamakon fayil.
5. Muna dakatar da ƙididdigewa idan ƙimar aminci (raɗin ƙimar ƙarfin abu zuwa matsakaicin von Mises stress) ya kasance ƙasa da 3.

Mun yi imanin cewa katako na ɓangaren giciye mai dacewa zai samar da iyakar aminci mai ninki 3 kuma zai kasance kadan a cikin nauyi a tsakanin sauran zaɓuɓɓuka.

Gabaɗaya, a cikin aikinmu ƙwararren yana aiki tare da aikace-aikacen 3 (duba zane a sama). A cikin yanayi na ainihi, adadin aikace-aikacen zai iya zama mafi girma.

GOST 8645-68 "Bututun ƙarfe na rectangular" ya ƙunshi shigarwar 300. A cikin matsalar demo, za mu gajarta jerin: za mu ɗauki abu ɗaya daga kowane girman dangi. Akwai bayanai guda 19 a cikin duka, daga cikinsu kuna buƙatar zaɓar ɗaya.

Yanayin ƙirar mai ƙirƙira, wanda za mu gina ƙirar kuma mu yi lissafin ƙarfi, ya ƙunshi ɗakin karatu na kayan da aka shirya. Za mu ɗauki kayan katako daga wannan ɗakin karatu:

Material - Karfe
Yawaita 7,85 g/cu. cm;
Ƙarfin haɓaka 207 MPa;
Ƙarfin ƙarfi 345 MPa;
Matsakaicin Matasa 210 GPA;
Matsakaicin girma 80,7692 GPa.

Wannan shi ne abin da ƙirar katako mai ɗorewa mai girma uku yayi kama:

Kuma ga sakamakon lissafin ƙarfin. Tsarin yana tints wurare masu rauni na katako ja. Waɗannan su ne wuraren da tashin hankali ya fi girma. Ma'auni a gefen hagu yana nuna ƙimar matsakaicin matsakaici a cikin kayan katako.

 

Yanzu bari mu canja wurin wasu daga cikin aikin zuwa robot

Tsarin aiki yana canzawa kamar haka:

Za mu haɗa mutum-mutumi a cikin Automation Anywhere Community Edition (nan gaba ake kira AA). Bari mu wuce ma'auni na kimantawa kuma mu bayyana abubuwan da suka dace.

Versatility

Maganin RPA (musamman na kasuwanci) suna dagewa a matsayin hanyar sarrafa hanyoyin kasuwanci da sarrafa ayyukan ma'aikatan ofis. Misalai da darussan horo sun ƙunshi hulɗa tare da ERP, ECM, da Yanar gizo. Komai yana da "kamar ofis".

Da farko muna da shakku ko AA za ta iya ɗaukar abin dubawa da bayanan Mai ƙirƙira namu na Autodesk. Amma duk abin da gaske yayi aiki: kowane kashi, kowane iko an ayyana shi kuma an rubuta shi. Ko da a cikin nau'ikan sabis tare da tebur na ma'auni, robot ɗin ya sami damar zuwa tantanin halitta da ake so kawai ta hanyar nuna linzamin kwamfuta.

Na gaba shine gwaji tare da ƙaddamar da ɗakin ƙididdiga mai ƙarfi. Kuma ba matsala ko. A wannan mataki, dole ne mu yi aiki a hankali tare da dakatarwa tsakanin ayyuka lokacin da tsarin ke jiran lissafin don kammala.

Maido da sakamakon da aka samu daga gidan yanar gizon da shigar da su cikin Excel ya tafi lafiya.
A cikin wannan aikin, an tabbatar da versatility. Yin la'akari da kwatancen sauran masu siyar da RPA, haɓakawa da gaske fasalin gama gari ne na wannan rukunin software.

Sauƙi don koyo

Ya ɗauki maraice da yawa don ƙwarewa: darussa, misalai na horo - duk yana nan. Yawancin dillalai na RPA suna ba da horo kyauta. Iyakar shamaki: mahallin mahalli da darussan AA cikin Turanci kawai suke.

Gudun ci gaba

Mun haɓaka kuma mun lalata algorithm don "matsalar injiniya" da yamma. An kammala jerin ayyuka a cikin umarni 44 kawai. A ƙasa akwai guntuwar hanyar sadarwa ta Automation Anywhere tare da ƙaƙƙarfan mutum-mutumi. Low code/Babu ra'ayin lambar - babu buƙatar yin shiri: mun yi amfani da masu rikodin aiki ko Drug'n'drop daga ɗakin karatu na umarni. Sannan saita sigogi a cikin taga kaddarorin.

Sauke daga yau da kullun

Robot ɗin yana ɗaukar minti 1 da daƙiƙa 20 yana sarrafa rikodin guda ɗaya. Mun kashe kusan adadin lokaci guda wajen sarrafa rikodin guda ɗaya ba tare da mutum-mutumi ba.

Idan muna magana ne game da goma da ɗaruruwan bayanai, to babu makawa mutum zai gaji kuma ya fara shagala. Kwararren gwani na iya shagaltu da wani aiki ba zato ba tsammani. Tare da mutum, wani rabo daga cikin nau'i na "Idan wani aiki daukan A minti, N irin wannan ayyuka za a iya kammala a cikin A * N minutes" ba ya aiki - shi ko da yaushe daukan karin lokaci.

A cikin misalinmu, mutum-mutumi zai jera ta cikin faifan bi-da-bi, yana farawa da manyan sassan. A kan manyan tsararru wannan hanya ce a hankali. Don haɓakawa, zaku iya aiwatar da kimomi masu zuwa, misali, hanyar Newton ko rabin rabo.
Sakamakon lissafin:

Tebur 1. Sakamakon zabar sashin katako

Aikin masanin kimiyya

Aikin masanin kimiyya shine ya gudanar da gwaje-gwaje na ƙididdiga da yawa don ƙayyade doka bisa ga abin da ƙarfin ɗaukar nauyin katako ya canza dangane da ɓangaren giciye, tsayi da yawan nauyin. An tsara dokar da aka samo a cikin nau'i na ma'auni na koma baya.

Domin ma'aunin koma baya ya zama daidai, dole ne masanin kimiyya ya aiwatar da adadi mai yawa na bayanai.

Misalin mu, an kasafta jeri na masu canjin shigarwa:

• tsawo profile na bututu;
• Gida;
• kauri bango;
• tsayin katako;
• nauyin kaya.

Idan dole ne mu yi lissafin don akalla 3 dabi'u na kowane ma'auni, to a cikin duka wannan shine 243 maimaitawa. Tare da tsawon minti biyu na maimaitawa ɗaya, jimlar lokacin zai zama sa'o'i 8 - cikakken ranar aiki! Don ƙarin cikakken nazari, bai kamata mu ɗauki dabi'u 3 ba, amma 10 ko fiye.

A lokacin nazarin, tabbas zai bayyana a fili cewa ƙarin abubuwa suna buƙatar haɗawa a cikin samfurin. Misali, "tuki" nau'ikan karfe daban-daban. Adadin lissafin yana ƙaruwa sau goma da ɗaruruwan.

A kan aiki na gaske, robot zai iya 'yantar da masanin kimiyya na kwanaki da yawa, wanda ƙwararren zai yi amfani da shi don shirya littafin, kuma wannan shine babban alamar aikin masanin kimiyya.

Takaitaccen

“samfurin” injiniyan na'urar gaske ce mai aiki, ƙira. Robotization na lissafin zai rage haɗari saboda zurfin ci gaban aikin (ƙarin ƙididdiga, ƙarin halaye, ƙarin zaɓuɓɓuka).

"samfurin" na masanin kimiyya shine lissafi, tsari, ko wani taƙaitaccen bayanin. Kuma mafi daidaito shi ne, ƙarin bayanan da ke cikin bincike. Maganin RPA zai taimaka samar da bayanai "abinci" don samfuri.

Bari mu taƙaita misalinmu.

Matsayin ƙirar ƙididdiga na iya zama kowane samfurin: ƙirar gada, ƙirar injin, tsarin tsarin dumama. Ana buƙatar ƙwararrun ƙwararrun don tabbatar da cewa duk abubuwan da ke cikin ƙirar suna cikin ma'amala daidai da juna kuma samfurin yana ba da "a waje" saitin maɓalli na maɓalli-masu sauye-sauye.

Matsayin yanayin kwamfuta yana taka rawa ta kowane aikace-aikacen da ƙwararrun ke amfani da shi a cikin aikinsa. Ansys, Autocad, Solidworks, FlowVision, Dialux, PowerMill, Archicad. Ko wani abu da aka haɓaka a cikin gida, misali, shirin zaɓin magoya baya a masana'antar masana'anta (duba shirye-shiryen zaɓin kayan aikin Systemair).

Muna la'akari da gidan yanar gizo, bayanan bayanai, takardar Excel, da fayil txt azaman tushen bayanai.
Sakamakon ƙarshe na aikin - rahoto - shine takaddar Kalma tare da rubutun da aka samar ta atomatik, ginshiƙi na Excel, saitin hotunan kariyar kwamfuta ko wasiƙar imel.

Ana amfani da RPA a duk inda aka aiwatar da binciken injiniya. Ga wasu wurare:

• Ƙarfin ƙididdiga da nakasawa;
• ruwa da iskar gas;
• musayar zafi;
• electromagnetism;
• nazari na tsaka-tsaki;
• ƙirar ƙira;
• shirye-shiryen sarrafawa don CNC (misali, gida);
• binciken likita da nazarin halittu;
• a cikin lissafin tsarin tare da ra'ayi ko tsarin da ba na tsaye ba (lokacin da sakamakon ƙarshe dole ne a canza shi zuwa bayanan tushen da lissafin maimaitawa).

A yau, RPA mafita ana amfani da rayayye a cikin kasuwanci don sarrafa kai tsaye matakai da kuma aiki tare da bayanai. Ayyukan ma'aikacin ofis, injiniyanci da masanin kimiyya na yau da kullun yana da alaƙa da yawa. Mun nuna cewa mutum-mutumi na da amfani a aikin injiniya da kimiyya.

Bari mu taƙaita ra'ayoyinmu.

1. Ƙarfafawa - i, RPA kayan aiki ne na duniya.
2. Sauƙi don koyo - i, mai sauƙi kuma mai sauƙi, amma kuna buƙatar harshe.
3. Saurin haɓakawa - a, algorithm yana haɗuwa da sauri, musamman lokacin da kuka rataye aiki tare da masu rikodin.
4. Kawar da kanka daga abubuwan yau da kullun - i, yana iya kawo fa'idodi a cikin manyan ayyuka.

source: www.habr.com