IETF (Tashar Injiniya ta Intanet), wacce ke da alhakin haɓaka ka'idojin Intanet da gine-gine, ta kammala samar da RFC don ka'idar HTTP/3.0 da kuma buga ƙayyadaddun bayanai masu alaƙa a ƙarƙashin masu gano RFC 9114 ( yarjejeniya) da RFC 9204 ( Fasahar matsi na kan QPACK don HTTP/3) . Ƙididdigar HTTP / 3.0 ta sami matsayi na "Ma'auni na Ƙira", bayan haka aikin zai fara ba da RFC matsayin daftarin ma'auni (Draft Standard), wanda a zahiri yana nufin cikakken tabbatar da yarjejeniya da la'akari da duka. sharhin da aka yi. A lokaci guda, an buga sabbin nau'ikan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙa'idodin HTTP/1.1 (RFC 9112) da HTTP/2.0 (RFC 9113), da kuma takaddun da ke bayyana ma'anar buƙatun HTTP (RFC 9110) da masu sarrafa caching HTTP. (RFC 9111).
Ka'idar HTTP/3 ta bayyana amfani da ƙa'idar QUIC (Haɗin Intanet mai Saurin UDP) azaman jigilar HTTP/2. QUIC wani tsawo ne na ka'idar UDP wanda ke goyan bayan haɗa haɗin haɗin kai da yawa kuma yana ba da hanyoyin ɓoyewa daidai da TLS/SSL. An ƙirƙiri ƙa'idar a cikin 2013 ta Google a matsayin madadin haɗin TCP + TLS don Yanar gizo, magance matsaloli tare da saitin haɗin gwiwa mai tsayi da lokutan tattaunawa a cikin TCP da kawar da jinkiri lokacin da fakiti suka ɓace yayin canja wurin bayanai.
A halin yanzu, an riga an aiwatar da tallafin QUIC da HTTP / 3.0 a cikin duk mashahuran masu binciken gidan yanar gizo (a cikin Chrome, Firefox da Edge, ana kunna tallafin HTTP/3 ta tsohuwa, kuma a cikin Safari yana buƙatar saitin “Babba> Abubuwan Gwaji> HTTP/3” da za a kunna). A gefen uwar garken, ana samun aiwatar da HTTP / 3 don nginx (a cikin reshe daban kuma a cikin nau'i na nau'i daban), Caddy, IIS da LiteSpeed . Hakanan ana bayar da tallafin HTTP/3 ta hanyar hanyar sadarwar abun ciki na isar da saƙon Cloudflare.
Mabuɗin fasali na QUIC:
- Babban tsaro mai kama da TLS (ainihin QUIC yana ba da damar yin amfani da TLS akan UDP);
- Gudanar da gaskiya ta gudana, hana asarar fakiti;
- Ikon kafa haɗin kai nan take (0-RTT, a cikin kusan 75% na lokuta ana iya watsa bayanai nan da nan bayan aika fakitin saitin haɗin kai) da kuma samar da ɗan jinkiri tsakanin aika buƙatu da karɓar amsa (RTT, Lokacin Tafiya na Zagaye);
- Yin amfani da lambar jeri daban-daban lokacin da ake sake aikawa da fakiti, wanda ke guje wa shubuha wajen gano fakitin da aka karɓa da kuma kawar da ɓata lokaci;
- Asarar fakiti yana rinjayar kawai isar da rafin da ke da alaƙa da shi kuma baya dakatar da isar da bayanai a cikin magudanan ruwa guda ɗaya waɗanda ke watsa ta hanyar haɗin yanzu;
- Fasalolin gyare-gyaren kuskure waɗanda ke rage jinkiri saboda sake watsa fakitin da suka ɓace. Amfani da lambobin gyara kuskure na musamman a matakin fakiti don rage yanayin da ke buƙatar sake watsa bayanan fakitin da suka ɓace.
- Ƙididdigar toshe iyakokin ƙididdiga suna daidaitawa tare da iyakokin fakitin QUIC, wanda ke rage tasirin asarar fakiti akan ƙaddamar da abubuwan da ke cikin fakiti masu zuwa;
- Babu matsala tare da toshe layin TCP;
- Taimako don gano haɗin haɗin, wanda ke rage lokacin da ake ɗauka don kafa haɗin kai don abokan ciniki na hannu;
- Yiwuwar haɗa manyan hanyoyin sarrafa cunkoso na haɗin gwiwa;
- Yana amfani da dabarun tsinkayar kayan aikin kowane jagora don tabbatar da cewa an aika fakiti a farashi mafi kyau, hana su zama cunkoso da haifar da asarar fakiti;
- Mahimmin haɓakawa a cikin aiki da kayan aiki idan aka kwatanta da TCP. Don ayyukan bidiyo irin su YouTube, an nuna QUIC don rage ayyukan tsawatawa lokacin kallon bidiyo da kashi 30%.
Daga cikin canje-canje a cikin ƙayyadaddun HTTP/1.1, mutum zai iya lura da haramcin yin amfani da keɓantaccen yanayin dawowar karusa (CR) a waje da jiki tare da abun ciki, watau. A cikin abubuwan ƙa'ida, za a iya amfani da halin CR kawai tare da halayen ciyarwar layi (CRLF). An inganta shimfidar wuri na buƙatun buƙatun don sauƙaƙe rarrabuwar filayen da aka haɗe tare da masu kai. Ƙarin shawarwari don sarrafa abubuwan da ba su da tabbas don toshe hare-haren "Buƙatar Smuggling HTTP", wanda ke ba mu damar shigar da kanmu cikin abun ciki na wasu buƙatun masu amfani da ke gudana tsakanin gaba da baya.
Sabunta ƙayyadaddun HTTP/2.0 a sarari yana bayyana goyan bayan TLS 1.3. An soke tsarin ba da fifiko da filayen taken da ke da alaƙa. An ayyana tsarin da ba a yi amfani da shi ba don ɗaukaka haɗin kai tare da HTTP/1.1. Rage buƙatun don duba sunaye da ƙimar filin. Wasu nau'ikan firam ɗin da aka tanada a baya ana ba da shawarar don amfani. Filayen rubutun da aka haramta masu alaƙa da haɗin kai an fi bayyana su daidai.
source: budenet.ru