Muna nazarin ƙarshen "Alien"

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Kamar kullum, ba zan huce ba.

Kuma dalilin wannan shine aidin pentafluoride da labarin da ya gabata!

Gaba ɗaya, mu duka (da fatan) tuna farkon aikin Ridley Scott da kuma kawai ban mamaki fim "Alien", wanda na bayar da shawarar, duk da cewa shi ne daga 1979. A karshen wannan labarin, zan tabbatar da cewa fim din ba kawai sanyi ba ne - yana da KIMIYYA!

Kuma saboda wannan za mu rage ƙwaƙwalwarmu kuma mu tuna ƙarshen: Ripley ya hau jirgin kuma ba zato ba tsammani ya gano ɗan hanya a wurin.

Kuma yanzu za a sami wasu hotuna, abubuwan tunawa da kuma ilmin sunadarai.

Bayan gano Alien, Ripley ya yanke shawarar hura masa iskar gas na musamman. Yin waƙa game da tauraro mai sa'a, Ripley ya buɗe wannan kwamiti mai sauƙi.

Gas na musamman akan jirgin

Jerin ya fi ban sha'awa:

• A. Iodine pentafluoride.
• B. Isobutane.
• C. Methyl chloride.
• D. Nitrosyl chloride.
• E. Methyl bromide.
• F. Isobutylene.
• G. Fosphine.
• N. Silan.
• I. Perfluoropropane.
• J. Fosgene.
• K. Wani abu mai "A", argon? Ban sani ba, ba zan iya fitar da shi ba.

Don haka, Ripley yayi ƙoƙarin fara fumigate abokinmu tare da aidin pentafluoride:
Gwada farko

Alien ko ta yaya ba ya yin bikin waɗannan ayyukan da yawa.

Sa'an nan kuma mu fitar da methyl chloride.
Na biyu ƙoƙari

Hakanan sifili zuwa ƙasa.

Lokaci na uku - sa'a! Muna zubar da halitta tare da nitrosyl chloride.
Gwaji na uku

Anan kuwa sai murguda da jifa

Duk ya ƙare tare da jefa shi cikin sararin samaniya kuma a kone shi a cikin shaye-shayen injin.
Af, Alien bai ƙone ba a cikin shaye-shaye, wanda yake da mahimmanci

Yanzu bari mu ga abin da muka gani.

Wane irin iskar gas?

"Gases na Musamman akan Jirgin Ruwa" wani bakon saiti ne da gaske.

1. Iodine pentafluoride IF5

To, a zahiri, aidin pentafluoride ba gas ba ne, amma ruwan rawaya mai nauyi mai nauyi mai zafi na 97,85 ° C. Na riga na rubuta game da shi, wannan wani wakili ne mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wato, idan an hura ɗan dabbarmu da wannan shara a zafin ruwan tafasasshen ruwa, yana da ƙarfi sosai! Tambayoyi da yawa suna tayar da abin da jirgin da kansa ya yi, tun da pentafluoride iodine yana lalata ba kawai karafa ba, har ma da gilashi. Hakanan kuma tambayoyi game da suturar sararin samaniya ta Ripley - amma shi ke nan.

2. Isobutane CH(CH3)3

Isobutane iskar gas ne na gama gari (a hanya, tare da adadin octane na 100), ana iya amfani dashi a cikin injunan konewa na ciki kuma azaman mai sanyaya. Ripley bai yi amfani da shi ba - kuma daidai: idan pentafluoride aidin bai ba da wani sakamako ba, menene ma'anar? Bugu da ƙari, za a iya samun tartsatsi a can daga baya, wanda ke nufin zai iya fashewa.

3. Methyl chloride CH3Cl

Methyl chloride gas ne mara launi, mai guba tare da kamshi mai daɗi. Saboda ƙarancin wari, ana iya ɓacewa cikin sauƙi mai guba ko abubuwan fashewa. An kuma yi amfani da Chloromethane a baya a matsayin mai sanyaya, amma saboda guba da fashewar sa ba a yi amfani da shi a wannan rawar ba. Main amfani yanzu: polymer samar, a matsayin methylating wakili a cikin kwayoyin kira, a matsayin roka man fetur, a matsayin m a low-zazzabi polymerization, a matsayin ruwa ga thermometric da thermostatic kayan aiki, a matsayin herbicide (kuma iyakance saboda toxicity).

Rashin guba na methyl chloride yana da alaƙa da hydrolysis zuwa barasa na methyl - sannan, kamar yadda na riga na rubuta a ciki. daya daga cikin labaran da suka gabata.

Ripley ko dai bai san ilimin kimiyyar halittu ba, ko kuma ya yi fatan cewa Alien ma yana da barasa dehydrogenase a jikinsa, kuma zai iya sha tare da shi lafiya. Amma, kamar yadda ake tsammani, dabarar ba ta yi tasiri ba - ƙoƙari na biyu na Ripley bai yi nasara ba.

4. Nitrosyl chloride NOCl

Nitrosyl chloride iskar gas ce mai guba, mai guba, tare da wari. Yawancin lokaci ana lura da shi a matsayin samfur na tsarin lalata na aqua regia - cakuda hydrochloric da acid nitric - wannan shine abin da yake wari kuma wutsiya ta tashi sama da shi lokacin da aka yi zafi (wanda aka yi da nitrogen oxides). Ita ma nake magana riga ya rubuta.

Nitrosyl chloride ana amfani dashi ko'ina azaman wakili na chlorinating; ta hanyar, an yi masa rajista azaman ƙari na abinci tare da index E919 - azaman haɓakawa da daidaita launi don kayan gasa. Wani lokaci kuma ana amfani da shi don tsarkakewa da lalata ruwan sha.

Ana amfani da sinadarin nitrosyl chloride kadan a cikin masana'antar abinci, a lokaci guda, a cikin tsaftataccen tsari, wannan abu yana haifar da haɗari mafi girma ga rayuwa da lafiya. Inhalation ta tururi yana haifar da tsananin hangula na mucous membranes, huhu edema, bronchospasm, asthmatic harin, kazalika da dama sauran bayyanar cututtuka na numfashi tabarbarewar. Haɗin jiki yana haifar da ƙonewa ga fata.

Ba abin mamaki ba ne cewa Alien ba ya son shi sosai.

5. Methyl bromide CH3Br

Halinsa yayi kama da methyl chloride. Bugu da ƙari, ban da haɓakar kwayoyin halitta, ana amfani dashi azaman fumigant don lalata kayan shuka daga kwari sikelin, kwari na sikelin karya da mealybugs, kazalika don sarrafa kwari na hannun jari, musamman sabbin kayan lambu da busassun kayan marmari, kuma ƙasa da ƙasa sau da yawa. sarrafa hatsi. A matsayin fumigant an haramta amfani da shi saboda guba daidai da ka'idar Montreal.

An kuma yi amfani da shi wajen sarrafa tufafin da aka yi amfani da shi, amma a nan ma an watsar da shi saboda guba (don haka za ku iya zuwa SecondHand lafiya).

Ripley ya yi daidai da rashin amfani da shi - menene ma'anar idan methyl chloride bai taimaka ba?

6. Isobutylene CH2C(CH3)2

Gas mai ƙonewa galibi ana amfani da shi wajen samar da polymers. Babu wani abu na musamman, tasirin zai zama kama da isobutane.

7. Phosphine PH3

Gas mai guba yana rushe metabolism kuma yana shafar tsarin juyayi na tsakiya; yana kuma shafar tasoshin jini, gabobin numfashi, hanta, da koda. An yi la'akari da shi azaman wakili na yaƙin sinadarai - kuma ta hanya, ɗaya daga cikin samfuran masu guba na hulɗar rawaya phosphorus tare da ruwa (sake nuni ga daya daga cikin labaran da suka gabata). Gas mai tsafta ba shi da wari, iskar gas na fasaha yana ɗauke da datti, shi ya sa yake wari kamar ruɓaɓɓen kifi.

Ana amfani da Phosphine a cikin kira na organophosphates, a matsayin tushen tushen datti na phosphorus a cikin samar da semiconductor, kuma a matsayin fumigant - madadin haramtaccen methyl bromide. A bayyane yake, ta hanyar kwatankwacin methyl bromide da methyl chloride, Ripley ya yanke shawarar cewa phosphine ba zai taimaka ba.

8. Silane, ko kuma wajen monosilane SiH4

Gas mara launi tare da wari mara kyau. Dole ne a faɗi cewa a gaban iskar oxygen, monosilane oxidizes da sauri ko da a yanayin iska mai ruwa. Suna rubuta cewa silane yana da guba tare da LC50 na 0,96% na berayen - amma fahimtar kaddarorin silane da buƙatar berayen su shaƙa wani abu, to ko dai berayen kawai sun shaƙa saboda rashin iskar oxygen, ko kuma sun ƙone cikin harshen wuta. ko wani yana karya.

Ana amfani da a daban-daban halayen na kwayoyin kira (shiri na organosilicon polymers, da dai sauransu), a matsayin tushen tsarki silicon ga microelectronics masana'antu a cikin yi na crystalline da bakin ciki-film photoconverters dangane da silicon, LCD fuska, substrates da fasaha yadudduka. na hadedde da'irori, kazalika don samar da ultra-pure polysilicon.

Ina tsammanin Ripley yana tsoron wuta da gaske, sabili da haka bai yi amfani da silane akan Alien ba.

9. Perfluoropropane C3F8

Perfluoropropane wakili ne na al'ada na perfluorinated hydrocarbons. Ana iya amfani da shi azaman refrigerant. Low-flammability, ba fashewa, low-mai guba. Kamar duk perfluorocarbons, yana da ikon ƙirƙirar tasirin greenhouse mai ƙarfi ɗaruruwan lokuta fiye da CO2, wanda za'a iya amfani da shi don terraforming. Af, ba ya haifar da sakamako na greenhouse.

Ripley, a fili, ya yanke shawarar cewa perfluoropropane ba zai yi amfani ba, ya dace kawai don shaƙa dabbobi masu shakar iskar oxygen - amma idan aka yi la'akari da yadda Alien ya yi ƙarfi a sararin samaniya, ba wani zaɓi ba ne.

10. Phosgene COCl2

Kyakkyawan zabi na guba ga mutane da dabbobi masu shayarwa - Ina magana game da shi ya riga ya rubuta kuma. Har ila yau ana amfani da shi a cikin kwayoyin halitta.

A bayyane yake, Ripley ya fahimci cewa Alien ya bambanta da ilimin halitta na dabbobi masu shayarwa, don haka bai zabi phosgene ba. Wataƙila ya kasance "lamba huɗu" bayan nitrosyl chloride. Ba a sani ba a nan.

11. Ya? Argon?

Babu wani abu na musamman kwata-kwata - iskar inert. Baya mu'amala da komai.
Hakanan mara amfani, kamar perfluoropropane.

binciken

• Ripley, a cikin halin da ake ciki na damuwa, ya yi aiki a hankali da gangan: ta hana wuta, iskar gas da aka zaba don shan taba Alien - duk abin da aka yi daidai.
• Ba a san cikakken abin da Alien ya kunsa ba? Idan aka yi la’akari da yanayin salinsa, yana ɗauke da wani abu kamar chlorine trifluoride, amma sai zafinsa ya kasance ƙasa da +12 ° C, in ba haka ba wannan abu zai tafasa. An yi jininsa daga bromine fluorides (ina magana game da su riga ya rubuta)? Sa'an nan kuma abin da aka yi da shi: ba ya jin tsoron high da low yanayin zafi, amma yana da wani gagarumin fadada coefficient lokacin da mai tsanani - tuna da ƙarshen Alien 3, inda bayan narkakken gubar zai yiwu a fashe shi da fesa ruwa. Organosilicon bai dace ba - fluorides zai narkar da shi. Wani irin organofluorine? Amma me yasa nitrosyl chloride yayi aiki? Anan yan fim suka bar wani sirri.
• Ba a san cikakken abin da aka yi jirgin ba: ba ya jin tsoron zafi mai zafi pentafluoride, nitrosyl chloride - amma ana cinye shi ta hanyar ruwan Alien. Idan jinin Alien ya ƙunshi super acid (karanta game da su a ciki labarin da ya gabata), to, juriya ga iskar gas baƙon abu ne. Idan akwai halogen fluoride a cikin jinin baƙo, abin mamaki ne cewa jirgin ya cinye su, amma aidin pentafluoride ya tsira. Sirri na biyu.
• Kasuwancin tug Nostromo, ko kuma motar ceto, ba zato ba tsammani an sanye shi da iskar gas da ake buƙata don haɗaɗɗun kwayoyin halitta (fluorination, methylation, halayen polymer, chlorination), iskar gas don magance amfanin gona da kwari, iskar gas, refrigerants, albarkatun ƙasa don samarwa da iskar gas. don terraforming. Shin ana tsammanin dan sama jannatin zai yi amfani da fasahar zamani don tsira? A gefe guda, nan gaba mai nisa (ainihin sigar rubutun ya yi magana game da 2087) ...
• "Alien" shine mafi kyawun fim. Ba kamar sauran fina-finai na Hollywood ba, ana tunanin har zuwa irin waɗannan bayanan sunadarai.

source: www.habr.com