Shekara daya da rabi da suka wuce, karatun yana aiki game da raunin da ya faru , Na sami kaina ban gane ainihin bambanci tsakanin gajarta ba ie и misali Wadancan. Ga alama a sarari daga mahallin, amma sai ga alama ko ta yaya ba daidai ba ne. A sakamakon haka, sai na yi wa kaina ƙaramin takarda na yaudara musamman don waɗannan gajarce, don kada in ruɗe. Kuma sai ra'ayin wannan labarin ya bayyana.
Lokaci ya wuce, na tattara tarin kalmomin Latin da gajarta da aka samo a cikin harsunan Ingilishi, kuma a yau a shirye nake in raba shi da masu karanta Habra. Ya kamata a lura da cewa yawancin waɗannan kalmomi ana amfani da su sosai a cikin wallafe-wallafen ilimi a cikin harshen Rashanci, amma a cikin Turanci suna yawan baƙi har ma a cikin manyan kafofin. Ina fatan cewa wannan tarin zai zama da amfani ga mutanen da ba su da hannu a aikin kimiyya a cikin harshen Rashanci, amma sau da yawa sukan haɗu da fiye ko žasa rubutu mai mahimmanci a cikin Turanci, inda haɗin Latin zai iya zama rikicewa.
Gajartawar gama gari da maganganu
da dai sauransu. - et cetera, "da sauransu." Ana karanta shi a cikin Latin - [ˌɛt ˈsɛt(ə)ɹə], kuma, ba kamar sauran gajarce ba, ana yawan amfani da shi a cikin magana ta baka. Kuna iya koyan furci ta hanya mai kyau Elenore by The Kunkuru - kadai song tare da da dai sauransu. a cikin rubutun da ya buga jadawalin.
♫Elenore, kai ina ganin kana kunbura
♫Kuma hakika kun kyautata min
♫ Kai ne abin alfaharina da farin ciki, da dai sauransu.
et al. - et aliyu, "da sauransu", karanta kamar yadda aka rubuta [ɛtˈɑːl]/[ˌet ˈæl]. Kusan koyaushe yana nufin mutane (don taƙaita jerin mawallafa a jikin aikin); da wuya yana iya nuna wasu wurare a cikin rubutun (lat. da alibi) a lokacin nazari. A lokuta da ba kasafai ake amfani da shi don nufin "da sauransu." (lat. da alia).
Lura cewa waɗannan matakan magancewa kawai suna hana Meltdown, kuma ba nau'in harin Specter wanda Kocher ya bayyana ba et al. [40]
Lura cewa waɗannan matakan magancewa kawai suna hana Meltdown kuma ba su da tasiri a kan harin Specter wanda Kocher et al [40] ya bayyana.
ie - id ni, "a cikin ma'ana", "wato". Karanta ko dai azaman gajeriyar IE ([ˌaɪˈiː]) ko kuma a sauƙaƙe kamar yadda cewa shi ne.
Don hana jerin umarni na wucin gadi ci gaba da ƙimar da ba ta dace ba, ie, '0', Meltdown ya sake karanta adireshin har sai ya ci karo da wata ƙima daban da '0' (layi na 6).
Don hana tsarin canji na umarni daga ci gaba da aiwatarwa tare da ƙimar da ba daidai ba, i.e. tare da "0", Meltdown yayi ƙoƙarin sake karanta adireshin har sai ya sami wata ƙima banda "0" (layi 6). (A nan, "darajar da ba daidai ba" tana nufin kawai kuma keɓancewar "0", kuma babin da kansa ana kiransa Case na 0 - "Batun Sifili")..
kamar. - lice, "wato". A mafi yawan lokuta yana karanta kamar wato ko da hikima. Daga ie ya bambanta a cikin haka ie - wannan bayani ne, amma kamar. – cikakken cikakkiyar nuni na abu(s) bayan sanarwar nadi/jerinsu. Wasu majiyoyin suna la'akari da shi wanda ya ƙare ie; Lalle ne, a cikin ayyukan da rabi na biyu na karni na XNUMX kamar. yana faruwa sau da yawa fiye da na zamani.
Tun da wannan sabon nau'in harin ya ƙunshi auna madaidaicin tazara na lokaci, a matsayin ɗan gajeren lokaci, ragewa, muna kashewa ko rage madaidaicin tushen lokaci da yawa a cikin Firefox. Wannan ya haɗa da maɓuɓɓuka bayyane biyu, kamar performance.now(), da maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓuka waɗanda ke ba da izinin gina ƙididdiga masu ƙima, kamar., SharedArrayBuffer.
Saboda wannan sabon nau'in hare-hare ya ƙunshi daidaitattun ma'aunin tazarar lokaci, a matsayin wani yanki na aiki muna kashewa ko rage daidaiton tushen lokaci a Firefox. Waɗannan sun haɗa da maɓuɓɓuka bayyane kamar su performance.now() da waɗanda ba kai tsaye waɗanda ke ba ka damar ƙirƙirar ƙirƙira masu ƙira mai ƙima, wato SharedArrayBuffer.
misali - misali gratia"misali", "musamman". Karatu kamar misali, ƙasa da ƙasa kamar gajarta EG. Ba kamar gajerun hanyoyi guda biyu da suka gabata ba, ana amfani da shi daidai a matsayin misali, kuma ba lissafin duk darajoji ba.
Meltdown ba ya cin gajiyar kowane lahani na software, ie, yana aiki akan duk manyan tsarin aiki. Madadin haka, Meltdown yana amfani da bayanan tashar tasha da ake samu akan yawancin na'urori na zamani, misali, Microarchitectures na Intel na zamani tun daga 2010 da yuwuwar akan sauran CPUs na sauran dillalai.
Meltdown baya cin gajiyar kowace lahani na software, watau. Yana aiki akan duk manyan tsarin aiki. Madadin haka, tana amfani da bayanan tashoshi na gefe akan mafi yawan na'urori na zamani, musamman na'urorin microarchitecture na Intel daga 2010 zuwa gaba da yuwuwar sauran masana'antun CPU.
NB - ba bene, "bayanin kula". An rubuta da manyan haruffa.
vs., v. - a kan, "aka", [ˈvɝː.səs]. Yana da kyau a lura cewa kalmar aro a cikin Latin tana da ma'anar daban-daban - "madaidaicin bayan juyi mai kaifi." Masana falsafa na tsakiya sun yi amfani da wannan magana da Deus A cikin gine-gine kamar "Petya ya yi wa Korovans fashi duk rayuwarsa, kuma lokacin da aka kama shi kuma aka yanke masa hukunci a kan gungumen, ya juya da sauri. ga Allah".
c., ca., ca., cir. - kewaye, "game da" dangane da kwanakin. An furta [ˈsɝː.kə].
na musamman - "na musamman", "yanayi", "na wucin gadi", a zahiri fassara "don wannan". Yana nufin wani abu da ke warware takamaiman, matsananciyar matsananci kuma sau da yawa matsala na gaggawa. Ana iya amfani da ma'anar "kumburi".
Wannan abin lura ya haifar da yaɗuwar sabbin bambance-bambancen harin Specter da Meltdown da ma ƙari na musamman kariya (misali, microcode da facin software).
Wannan lura ya haifar da karuwa a yawan sabbin bambance-bambancen hare-haren Specter da Meltdown da ma ƙarin hanyoyin tsaro na yanayi (musamman tsarin microcommand da faci).
Idan ba ku da capacitor da za ku yi amfani da shi azaman kewayawa, kuna iya barin shi azaman na musamman bayani.
Idan ba ku da capacitor na decoupling, za ku iya wucewa ba tare da shi a matsayin ɗan gajeren lokaci ba.
ad lib – gajarta ga ad libitum, "a so", "impromptu". Yana nuna rashin jin daɗi, haɓakawa, ra'ayi kwatsam. Daga na musamman yana da ƙarin 'yanci. Wadancan. "Mai tashin mu ya fashe, ma'aikatan gaggawa sun yi alkawarin isa a cikin sa'a guda, dole ne mu shinge tsarin da guga" - ad hoc. "Na manta siyan kirim mai tsami don dumplings, don haka na gwada mayonnaise" - ad lib.
Na manta rubutuna, sai na yi magana ad lib
Na manta kalmomin don haka na inganta
[sic] - "don haka a cikin asali." A cikin rubutun ilimi, ana nufin ainihin rubutun (harshen yare, wanda ba a taɓa amfani da shi ba, kuskuren rubutu, da sauransu). Tare da haɓaka hanyoyin sadarwar zamantakewa, kurakurai da typos a cikin tweets da sauran posts sun zama tartsatsi a matsayin izgili ("duba, wawa!").
Sabon zababben shugaban kasar Amurka Donald Trump ya yi kasadar kara dagula dangantaka tsakanin Amurka da China a lokacin da ya yi wani rubutu a shafin Twitter a ranar Asabar din da ta gabata inda ya zargi China da wani matakin rashin shugaban kasa na kwace wani jirgin ruwa mara matuki na Amurka a wannan makon.
Gajarta a cikin nassoshi na bibliographic da bayanan kafa
ibid., ib. - ibid, ibid (game da tushen);
id. - idem, guda (game da marubucin). Bisa ka'idoji masu tsauri ibid. a zahiri yana nufin "a wuri ɗaya" - a tushe ɗaya akan shafi ɗaya - kuma baya nufin ƙarin bayani, amma id. yana nuna wani wuri a cikin tushe ɗaya kuma koyaushe ana ƙara shi da lambar shafi (ko wucewa). A gaskiya ma, yawancin marubuta kawai suna amfani da su ibid. kuma a nutsu a samar masa da sabbin shafuka.
op. cit. - opere quote"Aikin da aka ambata." Yana maye gurbin taken labarin ko littafi lokacin ibid. bai dace ba saboda wasu nassoshi game da wannan aikin suna tsaka-tsaki (misali, a cikin bayanan ƙafa); rubuta bayan sunan sunan marubuci:
gwama - bayar da - "cf.", "kwatanta". Sabanin gani yana nuna mabanbantan ra'ayi don girman haƙiƙa (duba misali a sama).
wucewa - "duk inda". Ana amfani da shi lokacin da ba zai yiwu a nuna takamaiman shafi a cikin tushen ba saboda ra'ayi/bayanan da ake nema sun mamaye shi gaba ɗaya.
da seq. - et jerin - "da ƙari" game da shafukan da ke cikin tushen.
f. и da ff. - folio - an sanya wani zaɓi "da ƙari" nan da nan bayan lambar shafin ba tare da sarari ba. Daya f. yana nufin shafi daya, biyu da ff. – adadin shafuka marasa iyaka. da ff. sananne sosai a cikin Jamusanci saboda yana kama da Fortfolgende - "na gaba".
Lura: a cikin Ingilishi na zamani ba a ba da shawarar amfani da et. seq. da ff., Yana da kyau a nuna kai tsaye zuwa kewayon shafi.
Gajartawar da ba kasafai ake amfani da ita ba
kasa и sup. - infra, sama – duba ƙasa kuma duba sama, bi da bi.
gida cit. - loko citato - analog ibid.
sc. - tsinke - "wato", analog kamar.
qv - vod bidiyo - "duba", "duba". Koyaushe nuna wani wuri a cikin wannan aiki; a tsarinsa na gargajiya yana da wadatar kansa, domin yana ɗauka cewa mai karatu zai sami babin da ake so da kansa. A cikin harshen zamani ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da shi gani tare da ainihin umarnin akan abin da za a kallo.
sv - sub verbo - da gaske kamar wannan <a href> kafin hypertext, yana nuna takamaiman shigarwar ƙamus, ainihin sunan wanda ya biyo baya nan da nan bayan gajarta.
Kuma kadan more
QED - nuna alamar nuna alama - "wanda shine abin da ake buƙatar tabbatarwa."
sl - sensu lato - "a cikin faffadar ma'ana".
ss - sensu tsananin - "a cikin tsananin ma'ana."
magana - "a zahiri", "na zahiri".
source: www.habr.com