Ubuntu 24.04 LTS rarraba saki

An ƙaddamar da rarrabawar Ubuntu 24.04 "Noble Numbat", wanda aka rarraba a matsayin sakin tallafi na dogon lokaci (LTS), sabuntawa wanda aka samar a cikin shekaru 12 (shekaru 5 - samuwa a bainar jama'a, da wani shekaru 7 don masu amfani da su). sabis na Ubuntu Pro). Hotunan shigarwa an ƙirƙira su don Desktop Ubuntu, Ubuntu Server, Lubuntu, Kubuntu, Ubuntu Mate, Ubuntu Budgie, Ubuntu Studio, Xubuntu, UbuntuKylin (bugu na Sinanci), Unityungiyar Ubuntu, Edubuntu da Ubuntu Cinnamon.

Babban canje-canje:

• An sabunta tebur zuwa sakin GNOME 46, wanda ya kara aikin bincike na duniya, ingantaccen aikin mai sarrafa fayil da masu kwaikwayon tasha, ƙarin tallafi na gwaji don tsarin VRR (Variable Refresh Rate), ingantaccen ingancin fitarwa don sikelin juzu'i, faɗaɗa. iyawa don haɗawa zuwa sabis na waje, sabunta mai daidaitawa da ingantaccen tsarin sanarwa. GTK yana amfani da sabon injin ma'ana wanda ya dogara akan Vulkan API. GNOME Snapshot ya maye gurbin app ɗin kyamarar Cuku.
• An sabunta kernel na Linux zuwa sigar 6.8.
• Sabbin nau'ikan GCC 14-pre, LLVM 18, Python 3.12, OpenJDK 21 (OpenJDK 8, 11 da 17 ana samun zaɓin zaɓi), Rust 1.75, Go 1.22, .NET 8, PHP 8.3.3, Ruby 3.2.3tils , glibc 2.42.
• Sabunta aikace-aikacen mai amfani: Firefox 124 (gina tare da tallafin Wayland), LibreOffice 24.2, Thunderbird 115, Ardor 8.4.0, OBS Studio 30.0.2, Audacity 3.4.2, watsa 4.0, digiKam 8.2.0, Kdenlive 23.08.5, Kdenlive 5.2.2, Kdenlive .3.0.20, VLC XNUMX.
• Subsystems updates: Mesa 24.0.3, systemd 255.4, BlueZ 5.72, Alkahira 1.18, NetworkManager 1.46, Pipewire 1.0.4, Poppler 24.02, xdg-desktop-portal 1.18.
• Sabunta fakitin uwar garken: Nginx 1.24, Apache httpd 2.4.58, Samba 4.19, Exim 4.97, Clamav 1.0.0, Chrony 4.5, kwantena 1.7.12, LXD 5.21.0, Django 4.2.11t24.0.7 Docker 2.3.21, GlusterFS 11.1, HAProxy 2.8.5, Kea DHCP 2.4.1, libvirt 10.0.0, NetSNMP 5.9.4, OpenLDAP 2.6.7, bude-vm-kayan aiki 12.3.5, PostgreSQL 16.2 .1.1.12, SpamAssassin 8.2.1, Squid 4.0.0, SSSD 6.6, Pacemaker 2.9.4, OpenStack 2.1.6, Ceph 2024.1, Openvswitch 19.2.0, Buɗe Virtual Network 3.3.0.
• Abokin imel na Thunderbird yanzu yana zuwa ne kawai a cikin tsari. Kunshin DEB na Thunderbird yana ƙunshe da stub don shigar da fakitin karye.
• An sabunta mai sakawa na ubuntu-desktop-installer, wanda yanzu ana haɓaka shi azaman wani ɓangare na babban aikin samar da tebur na ubuntu kuma an sake masa suna ubuntu-desktop-bootstrap. Mahimmancin sabon aikin shine raba mai sakawa zuwa matakan da aka yi kafin shigarwa (ɓangarorin faifai da fakitin kwafi) da kuma lokacin taya na farko na tsarin (saitin tsarin farko). An rubuta mai sakawa a cikin yaren Dart, yana amfani da tsarin Flutter don gina ƙirar mai amfani kuma ana aiwatar da shi azaman ƙari akan mai sakawa mai ƙarancin matakin curtin, wanda aka riga aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Mai sakawa Subiquity da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin Ubuntu Server.

  Daga cikin canje-canje a cikin sabon mai sakawa, akwai ingantacciyar ƙira, ƙarin shafi don tantance URL don zazzage rubutun shigarwa ta atomatik na autoinstall.yaml, da kuma ikon canza dabi'un da aka saba da su da salon ƙira ta hanyar fayil ɗin daidaitawa. Ƙara goyon baya don ɗaukaka mai sakawa kanta - idan akwai sabon sigar a farkon matakin shigarwa, yanzu an ba da buƙatar sabunta mai sakawa.

  Mai shigar da Desktop na Ubuntu yana amfani da ƙaramin yanayin shigarwa ta tsohuwa. Don shigar da ƙarin shirye-shirye kamar LibreOffice da Thunderbird, dole ne ku zaɓi yanayin shigarwa na ci gaba. Mai sakawa kuma yana ba da ƙarin fasalulluka waɗanda aka ƙara a cikin sakin da ya gabata na Ubuntu 23.10, kamar goyan baya ga tsarin fayil ɗin ZFS da ikon rufaffen fayafai ba tare da buƙatar shigar da kalmar wucewa ta tuƙi a taya ta hanyar adana bayanan ɓoyayyen maɓalli a cikin TPM (Amintacce Platform). Module).

  
• An inganta sabon manajan aikace-aikacen Cibiyar App na Ubuntu, an rubuta shi cikin Dart ta amfani da tsarin Flutter da hanyoyin shimfidawa masu daidaitawa don aiki daidai akan fuska na kowane girman. Shagon Ubuntu yana aiwatar da haɗin haɗin gwiwa don aiki tare da fakiti a cikin tsarin DEB da Snap (idan akwai shirin guda ɗaya a cikin fakitin deb da fakitin karye, an zaɓi karye ta tsohuwa), yana ba ku damar bincika da kewaya ta cikin kundin kunshin snapcraft.io kuma da aka haɗa ma'ajiyar DEB, kuma yana ba ku damar sarrafa shigarwa, cirewa da sabunta aikace-aikacen, shigar da fakitin bashi ɗaya daga fayilolin gida. Aikace-aikacen yana amfani da tsarin ƙididdigewa wanda aka maye gurbin ma'aunin ƙimar maki biyar ta hanyar jefa ƙuri'a a cikin nau'i-nau'i iri-iri (+1/-1), wanda aka nuna alamar tauraro biyar.

  Cibiyar App ta Ubuntu ta maye gurbin tsohon Snap Store dubawa. Idan aka kwatanta da Ubuntu 23.10, an ƙara sabon nau'in aikace-aikacen - Wasanni (an cire wasannin GNOME daga kunshin). An gabatar da keɓantaccen keɓance don sabunta firmware - Firmware Updater, akwai don tsarin da ya danganci gine-ginen amd64 da kayan aikin hannu64, kuma yana ba ku damar sabunta firmware ba tare da gudanar da cikakken manajan aikace-aikacen a bango ba.

  
• Ta hanyar kwatanci tare da canje-canje a cikin Arch Linux da Fedora Linux, ma'aunin sysctl vm.max_map_count, wanda ke ƙayyade iyakar adadin wuraren yin taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ke akwai don tsari, an ƙara shi ta tsohuwa daga 65530 zuwa 1048576. Canjin ya inganta dacewa da wasannin Windows. kaddamar ta hanyar Wine (misali, tare da tsohuwar darajar bai ƙaddamar da wasannin DayZ ba, Hogwarts Legacy, Counter Strike 2, Star Citizen da THE FINALS), kuma sun warware wasu matsalolin aiki tare da aikace-aikacen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
• Samun dama ga masu amfani da ba su da gata zuwa wuraren sunan mai amfani yana iyakance, wanda zai ƙara tsaro na tsarin ta amfani da keɓewar akwati daga lahani waɗanda ke buƙatar yin amfani da sararin sunan mai amfani don amfani. Ubuntu yana amfani da tsarin toshe matasan wanda ke ba da damar wasu shirye-shirye don ƙirƙirar sararin sunan mai amfani idan suna da bayanan AppArmor tare da "ba da damar masu amfani su ƙirƙiri" doka ko haƙƙin CAP_SYS_ADMIN. Misali, an ƙirƙiri bayanan martaba don Chrome da Discord, wanda a ciki ake amfani da sararin sunan mai amfani don aiwatar da sandbox.
• Lokacin gina fakiti, ana kunna zaɓuɓɓukan mai tarawa ta tsohuwa don yin wahalar amfani da rashin lahani. A cikin gcc da dpkg, yanayin "-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE = 3" yana kunna ta tsohuwa, wanda ke gano yuwuwar buffer ambaliya lokacin aiwatar da ayyukan kirtani da aka ayyana a cikin fayil na string.h. Bambanci daga yanayin "_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2" da aka yi amfani da shi a baya yana zuwa zuwa ƙarin bincike. A ka'ida, ƙarin ƙididdiga na iya haifar da rage yawan aiki, amma a aikace, gwaje-gwajen SPEC2000 da SPEC2017 ba su nuna bambance-bambance ba kuma babu gunaguni daga masu amfani a lokacin gwajin gwaji game da raguwar aikin.
• An kunna Apparmor ta tsohuwa don ba da damar kowane aikace-aikacen samun damar GnuTLS da fayilolin sanyi na ɗakin karatu na OpenSSL. A baya can, zaɓin tanadi ya haifar da matsalolin da ke da wahalar ganowa saboda rashin fitowar kurakurai lokacin da ba za a iya isa ga fayilolin daidaitawa ba.
• An cire fakitin pptpd da bcrelay saboda yuwuwar al'amurran tsaro da ɓata bayanan tushen. PAM module pam_lastlog.so, wanda baya magance matsalar 2038, shima an cire shi.
• Ƙara "-mbranch-protection=standard" tuta zuwa dpkg don ba da damar kariya ta kisa akan tsarin ARM64 don saitin koyarwa waɗanda bai kamata a haɗa su zuwa (ARMv8.5-BTI - Alamar Target Reshe). Ana aiwatar da toshe sauye-sauye zuwa ɓangarorin lamba na sabani don hana ƙirƙirar na'urori a cikin abubuwan amfani waɗanda ke amfani da dabarun shirye-shiryen da suka dace (ROP - Shirye-shiryen Komawa).
• Don aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da gnutls, tallafi ga ƙa'idodin TLS 1.0, TLS 1.1 da DTLS 1.0, waɗanda IETF (Task Force Injiniya ta Intanet) ta ƙirƙira bisa hukuma a matsayin fasahohin da ba a daina amfani da su ba shekaru uku da suka gabata, an kashe su da ƙarfi. Don openssl, an aiwatar da irin wannan canji a cikin Ubuntu 20.04.
• Maɓallan RSA 1024-bit da aka yi amfani da su a cikin APT don tabbatar da ma'ajiyar ta amfani da sa hannun dijital an ayyana su sun daina aiki kuma an kashe su. A kan Ubuntu 24.04, dole ne a sanya hannu kan ma'ajin ajiya tare da maɓallan RSA na aƙalla rago 2048, ko tare da maɓallan Ed25519 da Ed448. Saboda ana ci gaba da amfani da maɓallan RSA 1024-bit a wasu PPA, irin waɗannan maɓallan ba a toshe a halin yanzu, amma ana ba da gargaɗi. Bayan ɗan lokaci, ana shirin maye gurbin gargaɗin tare da fitowar kuskure.
• Manajan fakitin APT ya canza fifiko ga ma'ajiyar "aljihun da aka tsara", wanda ya riga ya gwada sabbin nau'ikan fakiti kafin a fitar da su zuwa manyan ma'ajiyar jama'a. Canjin yana nufin rage yiwuwar shigarwa ta atomatik na sabuntawa maras tabbas, idan an kunna ma'ajiyar "aljihun da aka tsara", wanda zai haifar da rashin aiki na tsarin. Bayan kunna “aljihun da aka gabatar”, duk abubuwan sabuntawa ba za a sake canza su daga gare ta ba, amma mai amfani zai iya zaɓar zaɓin ɗaukakawa zuwa fakitin da suka dace ta amfani da umarnin “mai dacewa shigar /-proposed”.
• Sabis ɗin irqbalance, wanda ke rarraba sarrafa katse kayan masarufi a cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan CPU daban-daban, an dakatar da shi ta tsohuwa. A halin yanzu, a mafi yawan yanayi, daidaitattun hanyoyin rarraba mai sarrafa da kernel Linux ke bayarwa sun wadatar. Amfani da irqbalance na iya zama barata a wasu yanayi, amma kawai idan mai gudanarwa ya tsara shi yadda yakamata. Bugu da kari, irqbalance yana haifar da matsaloli a wasu jeri, misali idan aka yi amfani da su a cikin tsarin ƙirƙira, kuma yana iya tsoma baki tare da daidaita ma'aunin da hannu wanda ke shafar amfani da wutar lantarki da latency.
• Don saita hanyar sadarwar, ana amfani da sakin kayan aikin Netplan 1.0, wanda ke ba da ajiyar saiti a tsarin YAML kuma yana ba da bayanan baya waɗanda ke ba da damar isa ga daidaitawa don NetworkManager da tsarin hanyar sadarwa. Sabuwar sigar tana da ikon yin amfani da WPA2 da WPA3 lokaci guda, ƙarin tallafi don na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa na Mellanox VF-LAG tare da SR-IOV (Single-Root I / O Virtualization) da aiwatar da umarnin "netplan status -diff" don tantance bambance-bambancen gani. tsakanin ainihin yanayin saitunan da fayilolin sanyi. Ubuntu Desktop yana da NetworkManager an kunna shi azaman tsarin baya ta tsohuwa.

• An kunna injin Takaddun Takaddun Takaddun Active Directory (ADSys), yana ba ku damar samun takaddun shaida ta atomatik daga sabis ɗin Directory Active lokacin da aka kunna manufofin rukuni. Samun takaddun shaida ta atomatik ta Active Directory shima yana aiki lokacin haɗawa zuwa cibiyoyin sadarwa mara waya na kamfani da VPNs.
• Kunshin Ubuntu, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don sarrafa sarrafa hadarurrukan aikace-aikacen, yana ba da haɗin kai tare da systemd-coredump don magance hadarurruka. Yanzu zaku iya amfani da utility na coredumpctl don nazarin jujjuyawar asali.
• Kunshin asali ya haɗa da aikace-aikace don nazarin aiki, gano tsari da kuma kula da lafiyar tsarin. Musamman, an ƙara kayan aikin procps, sysstat, iproute2, numactl, bpfcc-tools, bpftrace, perf-tools-unstable, trace-cmd, nicstat, ethtool, tiptop da sysprof fakitin, waɗanda aka haɗa cikin kayan aikin meta- kunshin.
• An canza saituna don ma'ajin ajiya masu aiki don amfani da tsarin deb822 kuma an motsa su daga /etc/apt/sources.list zuwa fayil /etc/apt/sources.list.d/ubuntu.sources.
• Yanzu an sake kunna sabis bayan shigar da sabuntawa zuwa ɗakunan karatu masu alaƙa, ko da an shigar da sabuntawar ta atomatik a yanayin haɓakawa ba tare da kulawa ba. Don hana sake kunna sabis ta atomatik bayan sabuntawa, ƙara shi zuwa sashin override_rc a cikin fayil /etc/needrestart/needrestart.conf.
• An inganta aikin Manajan Bayanan Bayanan Wuta, yana ƙara tallafi don sababbin hanyoyin sarrafa wutar lantarki da ake samu a cikin na'urori na AMD, da kuma ƙara ikon yin amfani da direbobin ingantawa daban-daban. Lokacin aiki a yanayin layi, matakin haɓakawa yana ƙaruwa ta atomatik.
• Fakitin fprintd da ɗakin karatu na libfprint an sabunta su don haɗa da goyan baya don ƙarin na'urorin duba hoton yatsa.
• Ana amfani da siraran sigar font na Ubuntu. Don dawo da tsohon tsarin font, zaku iya shigar da fakitin fonts-ubuntu-classic.
• Ƙara goyon baya ga mai haɓaka QAT (QuickAssist Technology) wanda aka gina a cikin na'urori na Intel, wanda ke ba da kayan aiki don hanzarta lissafin da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin matsawa da ɓoyewa. Don amfani da Intel QAT, fakitin da aka haɗa sune qatlib 24.02.0, qatengine 1.5.0, qatzip 1.2.0, ipp-crypto 2021.10.0 da intel-ipsec-mb 1.5-1.

• An canza fakiti don gine-ginen 32-bit Armhf don amfani da nau'in 64-bit time_t. Canjin ya shafi fakiti fiye da dubu. Ba za a iya amfani da nau'in 32-bit time_t da aka yi amfani da shi a baya don sarrafa lokuta bayan 19 ga Janairu, 2038, saboda cikar ma'aunin daƙiƙa tun 1 ga Janairu, 1970.
• Majalisun da aka sabunta don Rasberi Pi 5 (uwar garken da mai amfani) da allon StarFive VisionFive 2 (RISC-V).
• Ubuntu Cinnamon yana amfani da yanayin mai amfani na Cinnamon 6.0 tare da tallafi na farko don Wayland.
• An ƙara tallafi don canja wurin saituna ta amfani da girgije-init zuwa ginin Ubuntu don tsarin tsarin WSL (Windows Subsystem don Linux).
• Xubuntu ya ci gaba da samar da mahalli dangane da Xfce 4.18.
• Ubuntu Mate yana ci gaba da jigilar yanayin tebur na MATE 1.26.2 (an riga an sami reshen 1.28 a cikin ma'ajiyar MATE, wanda har yanzu ba a sanar da hukuma ba). Ana amfani da sabon mai sakawa, kwatankwacin wanda aka bayar a Desktop Ubuntu. Maimakon aikace-aikacen Sabuntawar Firmware, ana amfani da GNOME Firmware don sabunta firmware, kuma maimakon Software Boutique, an ƙara Cibiyar App don sarrafa shigarwar aikace-aikacen. An daina aikin maraba da MATE.
• Ubuntu Budgie yana amfani da yanayin tebur na Budgie 10.9. Yawancin applets da ƙananan aikace-aikace an sabunta su. An gabatar da sabon mai tsara Cibiyar Kula da Budgie. Maimakon Software na GNOME, App-Center ana amfani dashi don sarrafa aikace-aikace. Pipewire ya maye gurbin Pulseaudio. Maye gurbin wasu aikace-aikacen tsoho, misali, GNOME-Calculator → Mate Calc, GNOME System Monitor → Mate System Monitor, Evince → Atril, GNOME Font Viewer → font-manager, Cheese → guvcview, Celluloid → Parole, Rhythmbox → Lollypop + Goodvibes + gpodder . Cire GNOME-Kalandar, GNOME System Monitor da GNOME Screenshot daga rarraba tushe.
• Kubuntu ya ci gaba da jigilar KDE Plasma 5.27.11, KDE Frameworks 5.115 da KDE Gear 23.08 ta tsohuwa. Za a ba da KDE 6 a cikin fitowar Kubuntu 24.10. Tambarin da aka sabunta da tsarin launi.
• A Lubuntu, an inganta mai sakawa bisa tsarin Calamares. An ƙara shafi don daidaita zaɓuɓɓukan shigarwa, kamar shigar da abubuwan sabuntawa, shigar da codecs da direbobi masu mallakar mallaka, da shigar da ƙarin shirye-shirye. Ƙara ƙarancin, cikakke kuma yanayin shigarwa na yau da kullun. An ƙara allon taya na farko, yana ba ku damar daidaita harshe da haɗin kai zuwa cibiyar sadarwar mara waya, da kuma zaɓi don ƙaddamar da mai sakawa ko canza zuwa yanayin Live. Ƙara Manajan Bluetooth da editan saitin manajan nuni na SDDM. An sabunta yanayin tebur zuwa LXQt 1.4.
• Ubuntu Studio ya ƙara kayan aikin Kanfigareshan Audio Studio na Ubuntu don saita saitunan PipeWire. Ana amfani da sabon mai sakawa, kwatankwacin wanda aka bayar a Desktop Ubuntu. Ƙara meta-kunshin don shigar da shirye-shirye masu amfani don koyar da kiɗa, kamar FMIT, GNOME Metronome, Minuet, MuseScore, Piano Booster, Solfege.

source: budenet.ru