Bayan kusan shekaru hudu na ci gaba, an saki tsarin aiki na Qubes 4.1, yana aiwatar da ra'ayin yin amfani da hypervisor don keɓance aikace-aikacen da kayan aikin OS (kowane aji na aikace-aikacen da sabis na tsarin yana gudana a cikin injunan kama-da-wane). Don aiki, kuna buƙatar tsarin tare da 6 GB na RAM da 64-bit Intel ko AMD CPU tare da goyan bayan VT-x tare da EPT/AMD-v tare da fasahar RVI da VT-d/AMD IOMMU, zai fi dacewa da Intel GPU (NVIDIA). kuma AMD GPUs ba a gwada su da kyau ba). Girman hoton shigarwa shine 6 GB.
Aikace-aikace a cikin Qubes an raba su zuwa azuzuwan dangane da mahimmancin bayanan da ake sarrafa da ayyukan da ake warwarewa. Kowane nau'in aikace-aikacen (misali aiki, nishaɗi, banki) da kuma sabis na tsarin (tsarin cibiyar sadarwa, bangon wuta, ajiya, tari na USB, da sauransu) suna gudana a cikin injunan ƙira daban-daban waɗanda ke gudana ta amfani da Xen hypervisor. A lokaci guda, waɗannan aikace-aikacen suna samuwa a cikin tebur iri ɗaya kuma ana bambanta su don tsabta ta launuka daban-daban na firam ɗin taga. Kowane yanayi ya karanta damar yin amfani da tushen tushen FS da ma'ajin gida wanda ba ya haɗuwa tare da ma'ajiyar wasu mahalli; ana amfani da sabis na musamman don tsara hulɗar aikace-aikacen.
Ana iya amfani da tushen fakitin Fedora a matsayin tushen ƙirƙirar mahalli na kama-da-wane da Debian, samfura don Ubuntu, Gentoo da Arch LinuxYana yiwuwa a tsara damar shiga aikace-aikace a cikin injin kama-da-wane tare da Windows, da kuma ƙirƙirar injunan kama-da-wane Dangane da Whonix don samar da damar shiga ba tare da suna ba ta hanyar Tor. An gina hanyar haɗin mai amfani akan Xfce. Lokacin da mai amfani ya ƙaddamar da aikace-aikace daga menu, yana farawa a cikin takamaiman injin kama-da-wane. Abubuwan da ke cikin mahalli na kama-da-wane ana ƙayyade su ta hanyar saitin samfura.
Babban canje-canje:
- Ikon yin amfani da keɓantaccen muhallin yanki na GUI tare da abubuwan haɗin gwiwa don tabbatar da aiwatar da aikin keɓancewar hoto. A baya can, a cikin mahallin kama-da-wane, kowane nau'in aikace-aikacen yana gudanar da uwar garken X daban, mai sauƙin sarrafa taga, da direban bidiyo mai taurin kai wanda ya fassara fitarwa zuwa yanayin sarrafawa a cikin yanayin haɗaka, amma abubuwan da aka haɗa tari mai hoto, babban manajan taga tebur, allo. sarrafawa, da direbobi masu zane-zane suna gudana a cikin babban wurin sarrafawa Dom0. Yanzu ana iya motsa ayyukan da ke da alaƙa da zane daga Dom0 zuwa wani yanki na GUI na daban kuma an raba shi da abubuwan sarrafa tsarin. Dom0 kawai yana barin tsarin baya na musamman don samar da dama ga wasu shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Goyan bayan yankin GUI har yanzu gwaji ne kuma ba a kunna shi ta tsohuwa ba.
- An ƙara tallafin gwaji don Audio Domain, wani yanayi daban don yin sauti uwar garke, wanda ke ba ku damar zaɓar abubuwan da za a iya amfani da su don sarrafa sauti daga Dom0.
- Ƙarin tsarin bayanan qrexec-policy da sabon tsarin ƙa'idodi don tsarin Qrexec RPC, wanda ke ba ku damar aiwatar da umarni a cikin mahallin ƙayyadaddun mahallin kama-da-wane. Tsarin dokokin Qrexec yana ƙayyade wanda zai iya yin abin da kuma inda a cikin Qubes. Sabuwar sigar ƙa'idodin tana da tsari mai sassauƙa, haɓakar haɓakar haɓaka aiki, da tsarin sanarwa wanda ke sauƙaƙa gano matsalolin. An ƙara ikon gudanar da ayyukan Qrexec azaman sabar mai samun dama ta uwar garken soket.
- Akwai sabbin samfura uku na muhalli na kama-da-wane waɗanda suka dogara da Gentoo. Linux - ƙarami, tare da Xfce da GNOME.
- An aiwatar da sabon tsarin samar da ababen more rayuwa don kulawa, ginawa ta atomatik, da kuma gwada ƙarin samfuran muhalli na kama-da-wane. Baya ga Gentoo, tsarin samar da ababen more rayuwa yanzu yana tallafawa samfuran Arch. Linux da gwajin kernel Linux.
- An inganta tsarin ginawa da gwaji, an ƙara tallafi don tabbatarwa a cikin ci gaba da tsarin haɗin kai bisa GitLab CI.
- An gudanar da aiki don aiwatar da tallafi ga gine-ginen muhalli masu maimaitawa bisa ga Debian, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don tabbatar da cewa an gina sassan Qubes daga lambar tushe da aka ayyana kuma ba su ƙunshi wani canji na waje da za a iya maye gurbinsa ba, misali, ta hanyar kai hari ga kayayyakin gini ko ta hanyar amfani da ƙofofin baya na mai tarawa.
- An sake rubuta aiwatar da aikin tacewar zaɓi.
- Wurin sys-firewall da sys-usb yanzu suna aiki a cikin yanayin "zaɓi" ta tsohuwa, watau. ana iya zubarwa kuma ana iya ƙirƙira akan buƙata.
- Ingantattun tallafi don girman girman pixel.
- Ƙara goyon baya don siffofi daban-daban na siginan kwamfuta.
- Sanarwa da aka aiwatar game da rashin sarari diski kyauta.
- Ƙara goyon baya don yanayin dawo da ma'auni na paranoid, wanda ke amfani da yanayin kama-da-wane na lokaci ɗaya don farfadowa.
- Mai sakawa yana ba da zaɓi don zaɓar tsakanin Debian da kuma Fedora don samfuran injin kama-da-wane.
- An ƙara sabon ƙirar hoto don sarrafa ɗaukakawa.
- Ƙara kayan aikin Manajan Samfura don shigarwa, sharewa da ɗaukaka samfuri.
- Ingantacciyar hanyar rarraba samfuri.
- An sabunta yanayin tushen Dom0 zuwa tushen fakitin Fedora 32. An sabunta samfura don ƙirƙirar mahalli na kama-da-wane zuwa Fedora 34, Debian 11 da Whonix 16. Tsarin asali shine kernel Linux 5.10. An sabunta yanayin zane na Xen 4.14 hypervisor da Xfce 4.14.
source: budenet.ru
