An buga wani sabon reshe mai tsayayye na kayan aikin Flatpak 1.14, wanda ke ba da tsarin gina fakitin da ba a haɗa su da takamaiman rarraba Linux ba kuma suna gudana a cikin akwati na musamman wanda ke ware aikace-aikacen daga sauran tsarin. Ana ba da tallafi don gudanar da fakitin Flatpak don Arch Linux, CentOS, Debian, Fedora, Gentoo, Mageia, Linux Mint, Alt Linux da Ubuntu. An haɗa fakitin Flatpak a cikin ma'ajiyar Fedora kuma mai sarrafa aikace-aikacen GNOME na asali yana samun goyan bayansa.
Maɓallin sabbin abubuwa a cikin reshen Flatpak 1.14:
- Yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri kundin adireshi don fayiloli a cikin jiha (.local/state) kuma saita madaidaicin mahalli na XDG_STATE_HOME yana nuni ga wannan directory.
- An ƙara ƙarin bincike na tsari na nau'in "suna da-kernel-module-name" don tantance kasancewar kernel modules (nalon ɗin duniya na ƙirar have-intel-gpu da aka gabatar a baya, maimakon kalmar "have-kernel-module-i915" "Yanzu za a iya amfani da shi).
- An aiwatar da umarnin “flatpak document-unexport —doc-id=…”
- Ana fitar da metadata na Appstream don amfani a babban mahalli.
- Ƙara ƙa'idodin kammala umarnin flatpak don harsashi Kifi
- An ba da izinin samun damar hanyar sadarwa zuwa ayyukan X11 da PulseAudio (idan an ƙara saitunan da suka dace).
- Babban reshe a cikin ma'ajiyar Git an sake masa suna daga "maigida" zuwa "babban", tun da kwanan nan kalmar "mashahurin" an yi la'akari da shi a siyasance ba daidai ba ne.
- Rubutun ƙaddamarwa yanzu an sake rubuta su idan an sake sanya wa aikace-aikacen suna.
- Ƙara "--include-sdk" da "--include-debug" zaɓuɓɓukan zuwa umarnin shigarwa don shigar da fayilolin SDK da debuginfo.
- Ƙara goyon baya ga ma'aunin "DeploySideloadCollectionID" zuwa ga flatpakref da fayilolin flatpakrepo. Lokacin da aka saita, za a saita ID na tarin lokacin ƙara ma'ajiyar nesa, kuma ba bayan loda metadata ba.
- An ba da izinin ƙirƙirar mahalli na akwatin sandbox don masu gudanarwa a cikin zama tare da sunayen MPRIS daban-daban (Ƙayyadaddun Ƙayyadaddun Matsalolin Mai Nesa Mai Watsa Labarai).
- Abubuwan amfani da layin umarni yanzu suna ba da bayanai game da amfani da tsawan lokacin aiki.
- Umurnin cirewa yana aiwatar da buƙatar tabbatarwa kafin cire lokacin aiki ko kari wanda har yanzu ake amfani dashi.
- Ƙara goyon baya don zaɓin "-socket=gpg-agent" don yin umarni kamar "flatpak run".
- An gyara wani lahani a cikin libostree wanda zai iya yuwuwar bawa mai amfani damar goge fayilolin sabani akan tsarin ta hanyar yin amfani da mai kula da tsarin flatpak-system-helper (aika buƙatun sharewa tare da tsara sunan reshe na musamman). Matsalar tana bayyana ne kawai a cikin tsofaffin nau'ikan Flatpak da libostree waɗanda aka saki kafin 2018 (<0.10.2) kuma baya shafar abubuwan da ake fitarwa na yanzu.
Bari mu tunatar da ku cewa Flatpak yana ba masu haɓaka aikace-aikacen damar sauƙaƙe rarraba shirye-shiryen su waɗanda ba a haɗa su cikin daidaitattun ma'ajin rarraba ta hanyar shirya akwati ɗaya na duniya ba tare da ƙirƙirar taruka daban-daban don kowane rarraba ba. Ga masu amfani da tsaro, Flatpak yana ba ku damar gudanar da aikace-aikacen da ake tambaya a cikin akwati, yana ba da dama ga ayyukan cibiyar sadarwa da fayilolin mai amfani da ke da alaƙa da aikace-aikacen. Ga masu amfani da ke da sha'awar sabbin samfura, Flatpak yana ba ku damar shigar da sabuwar gwaji da kwanciyar hankali na aikace-aikacen ba tare da buƙatar yin canje-canje ga tsarin ba. Misali, an gina fakitin Flatpak don LibreOffice, Midori, GIMP, Inkscape, Kdenlive, Steam, 0 AD, Visual Studio Code, VLC, Slack, Skype, Desktop Telegram, Android Studio, da sauransu.
Don rage girman fakitin, ya haɗa da ƙayyadaddun abubuwan dogaro na aikace-aikacen kawai, kuma tsarin asali da ɗakunan karatu na hoto (GTK, Qt, GNOME da ɗakunan karatu na KDE, da sauransu) an tsara su azaman madaidaitan yanayin lokacin aiki. Babban bambanci tsakanin Flatpak da Snap shine Snap yana amfani da sassan babban yanayin tsarin da keɓewa dangane da kiran tsarin tacewa, yayin da Flatpak ke ƙirƙirar akwati daban da tsarin kuma yana aiki tare da manyan saiti na lokaci, yana ba da fakiti a matsayin abin dogaro, amma daidaitaccen tsari. mahallin tsarin (misali, duk ɗakunan karatu da ake buƙata don gudanar da shirye-shiryen GNOME ko KDE).
Baya ga daidaitaccen yanayin tsarin (lokacin aiki), wanda aka shigar ta wurin ajiya na musamman, ana ba da ƙarin abubuwan dogaro (dam) da ake buƙata don aikin aikace-aikacen. Gabaɗaya, lokacin aiki da damfara suna samar da cika akwati, duk da cewa an shigar da lokacin aiki daban kuma an ɗaure shi da kwantena da yawa a lokaci ɗaya, wanda ke ba ku damar guje wa kwafin fayilolin tsarin gama gari ga kwantena. Tsari ɗaya na iya shigar da lokutan gudu daban-daban (GNOME, KDE) ko nau'ikan nau'ikan lokaci guda ɗaya (GNOME 3.40, GNOME 3.42). Kwantena tare da aikace-aikace azaman abin dogaro yana amfani da ɗaure kawai zuwa takamaiman lokacin aiki, ba tare da la'akari da fakiti ɗaya waɗanda suka haɗa lokacin aiki ba. Duk abubuwan da suka ɓace ana tattara su kai tsaye tare da aikace-aikacen. Lokacin da aka ƙirƙiri akwati, ana ɗora abubuwan da ke cikin lokacin aiki azaman ɓangaren /usr, kuma an ɗora gunkin a cikin littafin /app directory.
An gina lokacin aiki da kwantena na aikace-aikacen ta amfani da fasahar OSTree, wanda aka sabunta hoton ta atomatik daga wurin ajiyar Git-kamar, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da hanyoyin sarrafa sigar zuwa abubuwan rarraba (misali, zaku iya sauri mirgine tsarin zuwa ga jihar da ta gabata). Ana fassara fakitin RPM zuwa maajiyar OSTree ta amfani da Layer rpm-ostree na musamman. Ba a tallafawa shigarwa daban da sabuntawa na fakiti a cikin yanayin aiki; ba a sabunta tsarin ba a matakin ɗayan abubuwan da aka gyara ba, amma gaba ɗaya, yana canza yanayin sa ta atomatik. Yana ba da kayan aikin don amfani da sabuntawa akai-akai, yana kawar da buƙatar gaba ɗaya maye gurbin hoton tare da kowane sabuntawa.
Wurin da aka keɓe wanda aka keɓance ya kasance gaba ɗaya mai zaman kansa na rarraba da aka yi amfani da shi kuma, tare da saitunan da suka dace na kunshin, ba shi da damar yin amfani da fayiloli da matakai na mai amfani ko babban tsarin, ba zai iya samun damar kai tsaye ga kayan aiki ba, ban da fitarwa ta hanyar DRI, da kira zuwa tsarin cibiyar sadarwa. Ana aiwatar da fitarwar zane da ƙungiyar shigarwa ta amfani da ka'idar Wayland ko ta hanyar tura soket na X11. Yin hulɗa tare da yanayin waje yana dogara ne akan tsarin saƙon DBus da API na Portals na musamman.
Don keɓewa, ana amfani da bubblewrap Layer da fasahar sarrafa gandun daji na Linux na gargajiya, dangane da amfani da ƙungiyoyi, wuraren suna, Seccomp da SELinux. Ana amfani da PulseAudio don fitar da sauti. A wannan yanayin, ana iya kashe warewa, wanda masu haɓaka manyan fakitin da yawa ke amfani da su don samun cikakkiyar damar shiga tsarin fayil da duk na'urorin da ke cikin tsarin. Misali, GIMP, VSCodium, PyCharm, Octave, Inkscape, Audacity, da VLC sun zo tare da iyakancewar yanayin keɓewa wanda ke barin cikakken damar shiga kundin adireshi. Idan fakitin da ke da damar shiga kundin adireshi na gida sun lalace, duk da kasancewar alamar "sandboxed" a cikin bayanin kunshin, maharin kawai yana buƙatar canza fayil ~/.bashrc don aiwatar da lambar sa. Wani batu na daban shine sarrafa canje-canje zuwa fakiti da kuma dogara ga masu ginin kunshin, waɗanda galibi ba su da alaƙa da babban aikin ko rarrabawa.
source: budenet.ru