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Linux 5.11 kernel saki

Bayan watanni biyu na haɓakawa, Linus Torvalds ya gabatar da sakin Linux kernel 5.11. Daga cikin manyan manyan canje-canje: goyan bayan Intel SGX enclaves, sabon tsari don karɓar kira na tsarin, bas ɗin taimako na kama-da-wane, haramcin haɗa kayayyaki ba tare da MODULE_LICENSE (), yanayin tacewa da sauri don kiran tsarin a cikin seccomp, ƙarewar tallafi ga ia64 gine-gine, canja wurin fasaha na WiMAX zuwa reshe na "staging", ikon ƙaddamar da SCTP a cikin UDP.

Sabuwar sigar ta ƙunshi gyare-gyare 15480 daga masu haɓakawa 1991, girman facin shine 72 MB (canje-canjen ya shafi fayilolin 12090, an ƙara layukan lambar 868025, an share layin 261456). Kimanin kashi 46% na duk canje-canjen da aka gabatar a cikin 5.11 suna da alaƙa da direbobin na'urori, kusan 16% na canje-canje suna da alaƙa da sabunta lambar musamman ga kayan gine-ginen kayan aiki, 13% suna da alaƙa da tarin cibiyar sadarwa, 3% suna da alaƙa da tsarin fayil, da 4% suna da alaƙa da tsarin kernel na ciki.

Manyan sabbin abubuwa:

  • Tsarin Disk, I/O da Tsarin Fayil
    • An ƙara zaɓuɓɓukan hawa da yawa zuwa Btrfs don amfani yayin dawo da bayanai daga tsarin fayil ɗin da ya lalace: "ceto = ignorebadroots" don hawa, duk da lalacewar wasu bishiyoyin tushen (yawan, uuid, ƙaura data, na'ura, csum, sarari kyauta), " ceto = ignoredatacsums” don musaki bincikar bayanai da "ceto=duk" don kunna yanayin 'ignorebadroots', 'ignoredatacsums' da 'nologreplay' lokaci guda. Zabin dutsen "inode_cache", wanda aka soke a baya, an daina. An shirya lambar don aiwatar da tallafi don tubalan tare da metadata da bayanai ƙasa da girman shafi (PAGE_SIZE), da kuma goyan bayan yanayin raba sararin samaniya. Buƙatun da ba a buƙace su ba (kai tsaye IO) an motsa su zuwa abubuwan more rayuwa na iomap. An inganta ayyukan ayyuka da yawa; a wasu lokuta, hanzarin na iya kaiwa dubun bisa dari.
    • XFS tana aiwatar da tutar "bukatar gyara", wanda ke nuna buƙatar gyara. Lokacin da aka saita wannan tuta, tsarin fayil ɗin ba za a iya saka shi ba har sai an sake saita tutar ta hanyar xfs_repair utility.
    • Ext4 yana ba da gyare-gyaren kwaro da haɓakawa kawai, da kuma tsabtace lamba.
    • An ba da izinin sake fitar da tsarin fayil ɗin da aka ɗora akan NFS (watau ɓangaren da aka ɗora ta hanyar NFS yanzu ana iya fitar da shi ta hanyar NFS kuma a yi amfani da shi azaman tsaka-tsakin cache).
    • Kiran tsarin close_range(), wanda ke ba da damar tsari don rufe gaba dayan kewayon buɗaɗɗen bayanan fayil a lokaci ɗaya, ya ƙara wani zaɓi na CLOSE_RANGE_CLOEXEC don rufe bayanan a yanayin kusa-on-exec.
    • Tsarin fayil ɗin F2FS yana ƙara sabbin kira ioctl() don ba da damar sarrafa sararin mai amfani akan waɗanne fayiloli aka adana su cikin matsi. An ƙara "compress_mode=" zaɓin dutse don zaɓar ko sanya mai kula da matsawa a gefen kwaya ko a cikin sararin mai amfani.
    • Bayar da ikon hawan overlayfs ta hanyoyin da ba su da gata ta amfani da keɓantaccen sunan mai amfani. Don tabbatar da yarda da aiwatar da ƙirar tsaro, an gudanar da cikakken bincike na lamba. Overlayfs kuma yana ƙara ikon yin aiki ta amfani da kwafin hotunan tsarin fayil ta hanyar kashe duban UUID na zaɓi.
    • Tsarin fayil ɗin Ceph ya ƙara goyan baya ga ƙa'idar msgr2.1, wacce ke ba da damar amfani da algorithm AES-GCM lokacin aika bayanai cikin sigar ɓoye.
    • Tsarin dm-multipath yana aiwatar da ikon yin la'akari da alaƙar CPU ("IO affinity") lokacin zabar hanyar buƙatun I/O.
  • Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sabis na tsarin
    • An ƙara sabon tsarin shigar da tsarin kiran tsarin, bisa prctl(), wanda ke ba ku damar ƙirƙirar keɓancewa daga sararin mai amfani lokacin samun takamaiman kiran tsarin kuma kuyi koyi da aiwatar da shi. Ana buƙatar wannan aikin a cikin Wine da Proton don yin koyi da kiran tsarin Windows, wanda ya zama dole don tabbatar da dacewa da wasanni da shirye-shiryen da ke yin kiran tsarin kai tsaye da ke ƙetare Windows API (misali, don kariya daga amfani mara izini).
    • Kiran tsarin userfaultfd(), wanda aka ƙera don ɗaukar kurakuran shafi (samun damar zuwa shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ba a raba) a cikin sarari mai amfani, yanzu yana da ikon musaki keɓanta abin kulawa da ke faruwa a matakin kernel don ƙara wahalar amfani da wasu lahani.
    • Ƙarƙashin tsarin BPF ya ƙara tallafi don ajiyar aiki-na gida, wanda ke ba da ɗaurin bayanai ga takamaiman mai sarrafa BPF.
    • An sake fasalin lissafin amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta shirye-shiryen BPF gaba ɗaya - an ƙaddamar da mai sarrafa ƙungiyoyi maimakon memlock rlimit don sarrafa amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin abubuwan BPF.
    • Tsarin BTF (BPF Type Format), wanda ke ba da bayanin duba nau'in a cikin pseudocode BPF, yana ba da goyan baya ga ƙirar kwaya.
    • Ƙara goyon baya don kashewa(), renameat2() da unlinkat() tsarin kira zuwa ga io_uring asynchronous I/O interface. Lokacin kiran io_uring_enter(), an ƙara ikon tantance lokacin ƙarewa (zaku iya bincika goyan bayan gardamar don tantance lokacin ƙarewar ta amfani da tutar IORING_FEAT_EXT_ARG).
    • Gine-ginen ia64 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin na'urori na Intel Itanium an ƙaura zuwa rukunin marayu, wanda ke nufin an daina gwaji. Kasuwancin Hewlett Packard ya daina karɓar umarni don sabbin kayan aikin Itanium, kuma Intel ya yi haka a bara.
    • An dakatar da goyan bayan tsarin bisa tsarin gine-ginen MicroBlaze waɗanda ba su haɗa da sashin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (MMU). Irin wannan tsarin ba a gani a rayuwar yau da kullum ba na dogon lokaci.
    • Don gine-ginen MIPS, an ƙara goyan bayan gwajin ɗaukar hoto ta amfani da gcov utility.
    • Ƙarin tallafi don bas ɗin taimako na kama-da-wane don mu'amala da na'urori masu aiki da yawa waɗanda ke haɗa ayyuka waɗanda ke buƙatar direbobi daban-daban (misali, katunan cibiyar sadarwa tare da tallafin Ethernet da RDMA). Ana iya amfani da bas ɗin don sanya direban firamare da na sakandare zuwa na'ura, a cikin yanayi inda amfani da na'urorin MFD (Multi-Function Devices) ke da matsala.
    • Don tsarin gine-ginen RISC-V, an ƙara tallafi don tsarin rarraba ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na CMA (Contiguous Memory Allocator), wanda aka inganta don rarraba manyan wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya masu rikitarwa ta amfani da dabarun motsi na shafi na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Don RISC-V, ana kuma aiwatar da kayan aikin don iyakance damar zuwa / dev/mem da la'akari da lokacin katsewa.
    • Don tsarin 32-bit ARM, an ƙara tallafi don kayan aikin gyara kurakurai na KASan (Kernel address sanitizer), wanda ke taimakawa gano kurakurai lokacin aiki tare da ƙwaƙwalwa. Don 64-bit ARM, an canza aiwatar da KASan don amfani da alamun MTE (MemTag).
    • Ƙara tsarin epoll_pwait2() kiran tsarin don ba da izinin ƙarewar lokaci tare da daidaitaccen nanosecond (kiran epoll_wait yana sarrafa milliseconds).
    • Tsarin ginin yanzu yana nuna kuskure lokacin ƙoƙarin gina kernel modules waɗanda ba a bayyana lasisin lambar ta amfani da macro MODULE_LICENSE() ba. Daga yanzu, yin amfani da EXPORT_SYMBOL() macro don ayyuka na tsaye shima zai haifar da kuskuren gini.
    • Ƙara goyon baya don taswirar abubuwan GEM daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka yi amfani da ita don I/O, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a hanzarta aiki tare da framebuffer akan wasu gine-gine.
    • Kconfig ya sauke tallafi don Qt4 (yayin da yake riƙe da goyan bayan Qt5, GTK da Ncurses).
  • Hankali da Tsaro
    • An ƙara goyan bayan yanayin amsa mai sauri zuwa tsarin tsarin seccomp (), wanda ke ba ku damar tantancewa da sauri ko an ba da izinin wani kiran tsarin ko an hana shi dangane da tsarin bitmap akai-akai da ke haɗe zuwa tsarin, wanda baya buƙatar gudu. Mai sarrafa BPF.
    • Haɗe-haɗe na kernel don ƙirƙira da sarrafa enclaves dangane da fasahar Intel SGX (Software Guard eXtensions), wanda ke ba da damar aikace-aikacen aiwatar da lamba a keɓance ɓoyayyun wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda sauran tsarin ke da iyakataccen dama.
    • A matsayin wani ɓangare na yunƙurin iyakance damar shiga daga sararin mai amfani zuwa MSR (takamaiman rijistar samfur), rubutawa zuwa rijistar MSR_IA32_ENERGY_PERF_BIAS, wanda ke ba ka damar canza yanayin ingancin makamashin na'ura ("na al'ada", "aiki", "aiki", "powersave"). , an haramta.
    • Ikon kashe ƙaura na ayyuka masu fifiko tsakanin CPUs an motsa shi daga reshen kernel-rt don tsarin lokaci-lokaci.
    • Don tsarin ARM64, an ƙara ikon yin amfani da alamun MTE (MemTag, Ƙwararren Tagging Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwar Ƙwaƙwalwa) don adiresoshin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar sigina. Ana kunna amfani da MTE ta hanyar tantance zaɓin SA_EXPOSE_TAGBITS a cikin sigaction() kuma yana ba ku damar bincika daidai amfani da masu nuni don toshe cin gajiyar raunin da ya haifar ta hanyar samun damar tubalan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aka riga aka 'yantar, buffer ambaliya, shiga kafin farawa, da amfani da waje halin yanzu.
    • An ƙara ma'aunin "DM_VERITY_VERIFY_ROOTHASH_SIG_SECONDARY_KEYRING", wanda ke ba da damar tsarin dm-verity don duba sa hannun hash na takaddun shaida da aka sanya a cikin maɓalli na sakandare. A aikace, saitin yana ba ku damar tabbatar da ba kawai takaddun shaida da aka gina a cikin kwaya ba, har ma da takaddun shaida da aka ɗora yayin aiki, wanda ke ba da damar sabunta takaddun shaida ba tare da sabunta dukkan kwaya ba.
    • Yanayin mai amfani Linux ya ƙara tallafi don yanayin dakatarwa-zuwa aiki, wanda ke ba ku damar daskare muhalli kuma kuyi amfani da siginar SIGUSR1 don farkawa daga yanayin bacci.
    • Tsarin virtio-mem, wanda ke ba ku damar yin zafi da cire haɗin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa injunan kama-da-wane, ya ƙara tallafi ga Yanayin Big Block (BBM), wanda ke ba da damar canja wurin ko ɗaukar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin tubalan da suka fi girman girman ƙwaƙwalwar kernel. toshe, wanda ya zama dole don inganta VFIO a cikin QEMU.
    • An ƙara tallafi don cipher CACHA20-POLY1305 zuwa aiwatar da kernel na TLS.
  • Tsarin hanyar sadarwa
    • Don 802.1Q (VLAN), an aiwatar da hanyar sarrafa gazawar haɗin haɗin gwiwa (CFM, Gudanar da Kuskuren Haɗin kai), wanda ke ba ku damar ganowa, tantancewa da keɓe gazawar a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da gadoji na gani (Virtual Bridged Networks). Misali, ana iya amfani da CFM don ware matsaloli a cikin cibiyoyin sadarwa da ke tattare da ƙungiyoyi masu zaman kansu da yawa waɗanda ma'aikatansu ke da damar samun kayan aikin nasu kawai.
    • Ƙara goyon baya don ƙaddamar da fakitin yarjejeniya na SCTP a cikin fakitin UDP (RFC 6951), wanda ke ba ku damar amfani da SCTP akan cibiyoyin sadarwa tare da tsofaffin masu fassarar adireshi waɗanda ba sa goyon bayan SCTP kai tsaye, da kuma aiwatar da SCTP akan tsarin da ba su samar da damar kai tsaye zuwa IP ba. Layer.
    • Aiwatar da aiwatar da fasahar WiMAX zuwa tsarawa kuma an tsara shi don cirewa a nan gaba idan babu masu amfani waɗanda ke buƙatar WiMAX. Ba a daina amfani da WiMAX a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar jama'a, kuma a cikin kernel direba ɗaya da WiMAX za a iya amfani da shi shine tsohon direban Intel 2400m. An dakatar da tallafin WiMAX a cikin mahallin cibiyar sadarwa na NetworkManager a cikin 2015. A halin yanzu, WiMax an kusan maye gurbinsa da fasaha kamar LTE, HSPA+ da Wi-Fi 802.11n.
    • An yi aiki don inganta aikin sarrafa zirga-zirgar TCP mai shigowa cikin yanayin sifili, watau. ba tare da ƙarin yin kwafi zuwa sababbin buffers ba. Don matsakaitan zirga-zirgar ababen hawa, rufe dubun ko ɗari da yawa na bayanai, yin amfani da sifili maimakon recvmsg() ya fi tasiri sosai. Misali, canje-canjen da aka aiwatar sun ba da damar haɓaka ingancin sarrafa zirga-zirgar salon RPC tare da saƙon 32 KB lokacin amfani da sifili ta 60-70%.
    • An ƙara sabbin kira ioctl() don ƙirƙirar gadoji na cibiyar sadarwa wanda ke mamaye hanyoyin haɗin PPP da yawa. Ƙarfin da aka tsara yana ba da damar firam ɗin don matsawa daga wannan tashar zuwa wani, misali daga PPPoE zuwa zaman PPPoL2TP.
    • Haɗuwa cikin ainihin MPTCP (MultiPath TCP), haɓaka ƙa'idar TCP don tsara aikin haɗin TCP tare da isar da fakiti a lokaci guda tare da hanyoyi da yawa ta hanyoyin mu'amalar cibiyar sadarwa daban-daban waɗanda ke da alaƙa da adiresoshin IP daban-daban. Sabon sakin yana gabatar da goyan baya ga zaɓin ADD_ADDR don tallata samuwan adiresoshin IP waɗanda za'a iya haɗa su yayin ƙara sabbin kwarara zuwa haɗin MPTCP na yanzu.
    • Ƙara ikon daidaita ayyuka lokacin da aka wuce kasafin kuɗin jefa ƙuri'a na haɗin gwiwa (cikakken zabe). Yanayin SO_BUSY_POLL da aka samo a baya yana nufin canzawa zuwa softirq lokacin da kasafin kuɗi ya ƙare. Don aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar ci gaba da amfani da jefa ƙuri'a, an gabatar da sabon zaɓi SO_PREFER_BUSY_POLL.
    • IPV6 yana aiwatar da goyan baya ga hanyoyin SRv6 End.DT4 da End.DT6, ana amfani da su don ƙirƙirar masu amfani da yawa IPV4 L3 VPNs da na'urorin VRF (Virtual routing da turawa).
    • Netfilter ya haɗu da aiwatar da maganganun saiti, wanda ya ba da damar tantance maganganu da yawa don kowane ɓangaren jerin saiti.
    • APIs an ƙara su zuwa tarin mara waya ta 802.11 don saita iyakoki na SAR, da ma'aunin AE PWE da HE MCS. Direban iwlwifi na Intel ya ƙara tallafi don kewayon 6GHz (Ultra High Band). Direban Qualcomm Ath11k ya ƙara tallafi don FILS (Fast Initial Link Setup, wanda aka daidaita azaman fasahar IEEE 802.11ai), wanda ke ba ku damar kawar da jinkirin yawo yayin ƙaura daga wuri ɗaya zuwa wani.
  • Kayan aiki
    • Direban amdgpu yana ba da tallafi ga AMD "Green Sardine" APU (Ryzen 5000) da "Dimgrey Cavefish" GPU (Navi 2), da kuma tallafin farko ga AMD Van Gogh APU tare da Zen 2 core da RDNA 2 GPU (Navi 2). Ƙara goyon baya don sababbin masu gano Renoir APU (dangane da Zen 2 CPU da Vega GPU).
    • Direban i915 don katunan bidiyo na Intel yana goyan bayan fasahar IS (Integer scaling) tare da aiwatar da tacewa don haɓaka sikelin la'akari da yanayin pixels maƙwabta (Maƙwabta-Makwabci interpolation) don tantance launi na pixels da suka ɓace. An fadada tallafi don katunan Intel DG1 masu hankali. An aiwatar da goyan bayan fasaha na "Big Joiner", wanda ke kasancewa tun daga guntuwar Ice Lake / Gen11 kuma yana ba da damar amfani da transcoder guda ɗaya don aiwatar da rafukan biyu, misali, don fitarwa zuwa allon 8K ta hanyar DisplayPort ɗaya. An ƙara yanayin don musanya asynchronously tsakanin buffer biyu a ƙwaƙwalwar bidiyo (async flip).
    • Direban nouveau ya ƙara tallafin farko ga NVIDIA GPUs dangane da Ampere microarchitecture (GA100, GeForce RTX 30xx), ya zuwa yanzu iyakance ga kayan aikin sarrafa yanayin bidiyo.
    • Ƙara goyon baya ga yarjejeniyar 3WIRE da aka yi amfani da ita a cikin bangarori na LCD. Ƙara goyon baya don novatek nt36672a, TDO tl070wsh30, Innolux N125HCE-GN1 da ABT Y030XX067A 3.0. Na dabam, za mu iya lura da goyon baya ga panel na OnePlus 6 da 6T wayowin komai da ruwan, wanda ya sa ya yiwu a shirya lodi na wani unmodified kwaya a kan na'urorin.
    • Ƙara goyon baya don Intel na farko mai sarrafa USB4 mai kulawa, Maple Ridge.
    • Supportara tallafi don Allwinner H6 I2S, Na'urorin Analog ADAU1372, Intel Alderlake-S, GMediatek MT8192, NXP i.MX HDMI da XCVR, Realtek RT715 da Qualcomm SM8250 codecs audio.
    • Ƙara goyon baya don allon ARM, na'urori da dandamali: Galaxy Note 10.1, Microsoft Lumia 950 XL, NanoPi R1, FriendlyArm ZeroPi, Elimo Initium SBC, Broadcom BCM4908, Mediatek MT8192/MT6779/MT8167, MStar Infinity2PC, 730Mll Mikrotik bisa Marvell Prestera 382DX98, sabobin tare da Nuvoton NPCM3236 BMC, Kontron i.MX750M Mini, Espressobin Ultra, "Trogdor" Chromebook, Kobol Helios8, Engicam PX64.Core.
    • Gina-ginin tallafi don wasan bidiyo na Ouya dangane da NVIDIA Tegra 3.

A lokaci guda kuma, Gidauniyar Software ta Kyauta ta Latin Amurka ta kirkiro sigar kwaya mai kyauta ta 5.11 gaba daya - Linux-libre 5.11-gnu, share abubuwan firmware da direbobi waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ba su da kyauta ko sassan lambobi, wanda iyakar iyakar ta iyakance. ta masana'anta. Sabuwar sakin tana tsaftace direbobi don qat_4xxx (crypto), lt9611uxcm (dsi/hdmi bridge), ccs/smia++ (sensor), ath11k_pci, nxp audio transceiver da mhi pci controller. An sabunta lambar tsaftacewa a cikin direbobi da subsystems amdgpu, btqca, btrtl, btusb, i915 csr. An kashe sabbin tsummoki a cikin m3 rproc, agogon idt82p33 ptp da qualcomm arm64.

source: budenet.ru

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