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Linux 5.19 kernel saki

Bayan watanni biyu na haɓakawa, Linus Torvalds ya gabatar da sakin Linux kernel 5.19. Daga cikin manyan manyan canje-canje: goyan baya ga tsarin gine-ginen LoongArch, haɗewar facin "BIG TCP", yanayin buƙatu a cikin fscache, cire lambar don tallafawa tsarin a.out, ikon amfani da ZSTD don matsawa firmware, dubawa don sarrafa fitarwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya daga sararin mai amfani, haɓaka aminci da aiki na janareta mai ƙima-bazuwar lamba, tallafi ga Intel IFS (In-Field Scan), AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), Intel TDX (Amintattun Domain Extensions) da ARM SME (Scalable Matrix Extension) kari.

A cikin sanarwar, Linus ya ce mai yiwuwa sakin kernel na gaba zai kasance mai lamba 6.0, tunda reshen 5.x ya tattara isassun abubuwan da za su canza lamba ta farko a lambar sigar. Ana yin canjin ƙididdiga don dalilai masu kyau kuma mataki ne na yau da kullun wanda ke kawar da rashin jin daɗi saboda tarin batutuwa masu yawa a cikin jerin.

Linus ya kuma ambata cewa ya yi amfani da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka ta Apple dangane da gine-ginen ARM64 (Apple Silicon) tare da yanayin Linux dangane da rarrabawar Linux na Asahi don ƙirƙirar sakin. Ba shine farkon wurin aiki na Linus ba, amma ya yi amfani da dandalin don gwada dacewarsa ga aikin kwaya da kuma tabbatar da cewa zai iya samar da kwaya yayin tafiya da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka mara nauyi a hannu. A baya can, shekaru da yawa da suka gabata, Linus yana da gogewa ta amfani da kayan aikin Apple don haɓakawa - ya taɓa yin amfani da PC bisa ppc970 CPU da kwamfutar tafi-da-gidanka na Macbook Air.

Sabuwar sigar ta ƙunshi gyare-gyare 16401 daga masu haɓaka 2190 (a cikin sakin ƙarshe akwai gyare-gyare 16206 daga masu haɓaka 2127), girman facin shine 90 MB (canje-canjen ya shafi fayilolin 13847, an ƙara layin code 1149456, an share layin 349177). Kimanin kashi 39% na duk canje-canjen da aka gabatar a cikin 5.19 suna da alaƙa da direbobin na'urori, kusan kashi 21% na canje-canje suna da alaƙa da sabunta lambar musamman ga kayan gine-ginen kayan aiki, 11% suna da alaƙa da tarin hanyar sadarwar, 4% suna da alaƙa da tsarin fayil, kuma 3% suna da alaƙa da tsarin kernel na ciki.

Mabuɗin sabbin abubuwa a cikin kernel 5.19:

  • Tsarin Disk, I/O da Tsarin Fayil
    • An canza tsarin fayil ɗin EROFS (Ingantattun Tsarin Fayil na Karatu-Only), wanda aka yi nufin amfani da shi akan ɓangarorin karantawa kawai, don amfani da tsarin fscache, wanda ke ba da caching na bayanai. Canjin ya inganta ingantaccen tsarin tsarin da aka ƙaddamar da babban adadin kwantena daga hoto na tushen EROFS.
    • An ƙara yanayin karatun da ake buƙata zuwa tsarin fscache, wanda ake amfani da shi don inganta EROFS. Sabon yanayin yana ba ku damar tsara caching karatu daga hotunan FS da ke cikin tsarin gida. Ya bambanta da tsarin aiki na farko da aka samo, wanda aka mayar da hankali kan caching a cikin tsarin fayil na gida na bayanan da aka canjawa wuri ta hanyar tsarin fayil na cibiyar sadarwa, yanayin "kan-buƙata" yana wakiltar ayyukan maido da bayanai da rubuta shi zuwa cache zuwa wani daban. tsarin baya yana gudana a cikin sarari mai amfani.
    • XFS yana ba da damar adana biliyoyin tsawaita halaye a cikin kullin i-node. Matsakaicin adadin iyakoki na fayil ɗaya an ƙaru daga biliyan 4 zuwa 247. An aiwatar da yanayin don sabunta halayen fayil da yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
    • Tsarin fayil ɗin Btrfs ya inganta aiki tare da makullai, wanda ya ba da izinin haɓaka aiki kusan 7% lokacin rubutu kai tsaye a yanayin yanzu. Ayyukan ayyuka a yanayin NOCOW (ba tare da kwafi-kan-rubuta ba) yana ƙaruwa da kusan 3%. An rage nauyin da ke kan cache shafi lokacin da ake gudanar da umarnin "aika". An rage mafi ƙarancin girman ƙananan shafukan yanar gizo daga 64K zuwa 4K (ana iya amfani da ƙananan shafuka masu ƙanƙanta fiye da shafukan kwaya). An yi canji daga yin amfani da bishiyar radix zuwa XArays algorithm.
    • An ƙara wani yanayi zuwa uwar garken NFS don tsawaita adana yanayin kulle da abokin ciniki ya saita wanda ya daina amsa buƙatun. Sabon yanayin yana ba ku damar jinkirta sharewa na kulle har zuwa rana ɗaya sai dai idan wani abokin ciniki ya nemi kulle gasa. A cikin yanayin al'ada, ana share toshewa 90 seconds bayan abokin ciniki ya daina amsawa.
    • Tsarin tsarin bibiyar taron a cikin fanotify FS yana aiwatar da tutar FAN_MARK_EVICTABLE, wanda tare da shi zaku iya kashe maƙallan i-nodes a cikin cache, alal misali, don yin watsi da ƙananan rassan ba tare da sanya sassansu a cikin cache ba.
    • Direba don tsarin fayil na FAT32 ya ƙara goyon baya don samun bayanai game da lokacin ƙirƙirar fayil ta hanyar kiran tsarin statx tare da aiwatar da ingantaccen aiki da sigar stat (), wanda ke dawo da ƙarin bayani game da fayil ɗin.
    • An yi gagarumin ingantawa ga direban exFAT don ba da damar share rukuni na sassan lokaci guda lokacin da yanayin 'dirsync' ke aiki, maimakon share fage-da-bangare. Ta hanyar rage adadin buƙatun toshe bayan haɓakawa, aikin ƙirƙirar ɗimbin kundayen adireshi akan katin SD ya ƙaru da fiye da 73-85%, ya danganta da girman tari.
    • Kernel ɗin ya ƙunshi sabuntawar gyara na farko zuwa direban ntfs3. Tun lokacin da aka haɗa ntfs3 a cikin kernel na 5.15 a watan Oktoban da ya gabata, ba a sabunta direban ba kuma an rasa sadarwa tare da masu haɓakawa, amma masu haɓakawa yanzu sun ci gaba da buga canje-canje. Abubuwan facin da aka tsara sun kawar da kurakurai da ke haifar da ɓarkewar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da faɗuwa, warware matsaloli tare da aiwatar da xfstests, tsabtace lambar da ba a yi amfani da ita ba, da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bugun rubutu.
    • Don OverlayFS, an aiwatar da ikon yin taswirar ID na mai amfani na tsarin fayil da aka ɗora, wanda ake amfani da shi don dacewa da fayilolin wani takamaiman mai amfani akan ɓangaren waje da aka ɗora tare da wani mai amfani akan tsarin na yanzu.
  • Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sabis na tsarin
    • Ƙara goyon baya na farko don tsarin tsarin koyarwa na LoongArch da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urori na Loongson 3 5000, wanda ke aiwatar da sabon RISC ISA, mai kama da MIPS da RISC-V. Ana samun tsarin gine-ginen LoongArch a cikin dandano uku: 32-bit (LA32R), 32-bit na yau da kullun (LA32S), da 64-bit (LA64).
    • Cire lambar don tallafawa tsarin fayil ɗin a.out da za a iya aiwatarwa, wanda aka soke a cikin sakin 5.1. Tsarin a.out ya daɗe a kan tsarin Linux, kuma ƙirƙirar fayilolin a.out ba su da tallafi ta kayan aikin zamani a cikin saitunan Linux na asali. Ana iya aiwatar da loda don fayilolin a.out gaba ɗaya a cikin sarari mai amfani.
    • An daina goyan bayan takamaiman zaɓuɓɓukan taya x86: nosp, nosmap, nosmep, noexec da noclflush).
    • Taimakawa ga tsoffin gine-ginen CPU h8300 (Renesas H8/300), wanda aka daɗe ba tare da tallafi ba, an daina.
    • Ƙarfafa ƙarfin da ke da alaƙa da amsa ga gano makullai masu tsaga ("makullin tsaga") waɗanda ke faruwa lokacin samun damar bayanan da ba a haɗa su ba a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya saboda gaskiyar cewa lokacin aiwatar da umarnin atomic, bayanan sun ketare layin cache guda biyu na CPU. Irin wannan toshewar yana haifar da raguwar aiki sosai. Idan a baya, ta hanyar tsohuwa, kernel zai ba da gargadi tare da bayani game da tsarin da ya haifar da toshewa, yanzu za a ƙara jinkirin tsarin matsala don adana aikin sauran tsarin.
    • Ƙara goyon baya ga tsarin IFS (In-Field Scan) wanda aka aiwatar a cikin na'urori na Intel, wanda ke ba ku damar gudanar da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje na gwaji na CPU wanda zai iya gano matsalolin da ba a gano su ta hanyar daidaitattun kayan aiki ba bisa la'akari da lambobin gyara kuskure (ECC) ko raƙuman daidaitawa. . Gwaje-gwajen da aka yi suna cikin nau'i na firmware mai saukewa, wanda aka ƙirƙira daidai da sabuntawar microcode. Ana samun sakamakon gwajin ta hanyar sysfs.
    • Ƙara ikon shigar da fayil ɗin bootconfig a cikin kernel, wanda ke ba da izini, ban da zaɓuɓɓukan layin umarni, don ƙayyade sigogi na kernel ta hanyar fayil ɗin saiti. Ana aiwatar da haɗawa ta amfani da zaɓin taron 'CONFIG_BOOT_CONFIG_EMBED_FILE=»/PATH/TO/BOOTCONFIG/FILE»'. A baya can, an ƙayyade bootconfig ta hanyar haɗawa zuwa hoton initrd. Haɗin kai cikin kernel yana ba da damar amfani da bootconfig a cikin jeri ba tare da initrd ba.
    • An aiwatar da ikon sauke firmware da aka matsa ta amfani da Zstandard algorithm. An ƙara saitin fayilolin sarrafawa / sys / class / firmware / * zuwa sysfs, yana ba ku damar fara loda firmware daga sararin mai amfani.
    • Io_uring asynchronous I/O interface yana ba da sabon tuta, IORING_RECVSEND_POLL_FIRST, wanda, lokacin da aka saita, zai fara aika aikin hanyar sadarwa ta hanyar amfani da jefa kuri'a, wanda zai iya adana albarkatu a cikin yanayin da sarrafa aikin tare da ɗan jinkiri. io_uring kuma ya ƙara goyan baya don kiran tsarin soket(), ya ba da sabbin tutoci don sauƙaƙe sarrafa masu siffanta fayil, ƙara yanayin "multi-shot" don karɓar haɗin kai da yawa lokaci ɗaya a cikin karɓar () kiran, da ƙarin ayyuka don tura NVMe. umarni kai tsaye zuwa na'urar.
    • Tsarin gine-ginen Xtensa yana ba da tallafi ga kayan aikin gyara kurakurai na KCSAN (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), wanda aka ƙera don gano yanayin tsere a cikin kwaya. Hakanan an ƙara goyan baya don yanayin barci da masu sarrafa kayan aiki.
    • Don tsarin gine-ginen m68k (Motorola 68000), an aiwatar da na'ura mai kama-da-wane (na'urar kwaikwayo) dangane da Android Goldfish emulator.
    • Don gine-ginen AArch64, an aiwatar da ƙarin haɓakawa na Armv9-A SME (Scalable Matrix Extension).
    • Tsarin tsarin eBPF yana ba da damar adana alamun rubutu a cikin tsarin taswira, kuma yana ƙara goyan baya ga masu nuni masu ƙarfi.
    • An gabatar da sabon tsarin dawo da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya wanda ke goyan bayan sarrafa sararin mai amfani ta amfani da fayil ɗin memory.reclaim. Rubuta lamba zuwa ƙayyadadden fayil zai yi ƙoƙarin fitar da daidai adadin bytes daga saitin mai alaƙa da ƙungiyar.
    • Ingantattun daidaito na amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya lokacin damfara bayanai a cikin ɓangaren musanya ta amfani da tsarin zswap.
    • Don gine-ginen RISC-V, an ba da tallafi don gudanar da ayyukan 32-bit akan tsarin 64-bit, ana ƙara yanayin don ɗaure halayen ƙuntatawa zuwa shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (misali, don kashe caching), kuma ana aiwatar da aikin kexec_file_load () .
    • Aiwatar da aiwatar da tallafi don tsarin 32-bit Armv4T da Armv5 an daidaita su don amfani a cikin ginin kernel da yawa na duniya wanda ya dace da tsarin ARM daban-daban.
  • Hankali da Tsaro
    • Tsarin tsarin EFI yana aiwatar da ikon canja wurin bayanan sirri a asirce zuwa tsarin baƙo ba tare da bayyana shi ga tsarin runduna ba. Ana ba da bayanan ta hanyar tsaro/coco directory a cikin securityfs.
    • Yanayin kariyar kullewa, wanda ke ƙuntata tushen mai amfani zuwa kernel kuma yana toshe hanyoyin UEFI Secure Boot ta hanyar wucewa, ya kawar da madaidaicin madaidaicin da ya ba da damar kariya ta hanyar sarrafa mai gyara kernel.
    • An haɗa da faci da nufin inganta aminci da aikin janareta na lambar bazuwar.
    • Lokacin ginawa ta amfani da Clang 15, ana aiwatar da goyan bayan tsarin don bazuwar sifofin kwaya.
    • Tsarin Landlock, wanda ke ba ku damar iyakance hulɗar ƙungiyoyin matakai tare da yanayin waje, yana ba da tallafi ga ƙa'idodin da ke ba ku damar sarrafa aiwatar da ayyukan canza sunan fayil.
    • Tsarin IMA (Integrity Measurement Architecture), wanda aka ƙera don tabbatar da amincin abubuwan tsarin aiki ta amfani da sa hannu na dijital da hashes, an canza su zuwa amfani da tsarin fs-verity don tabbatar da fayil.
    • Ma'anar ayyuka lokacin da aka kashe rashin gata zuwa tsarin eBPF an canza - a baya duk umarnin da ke da alaƙa da tsarin kiran tsarin bpf () an kashe su, kuma farawa daga sigar 5.19, an bar damar yin amfani da umarni waɗanda ba su haifar da ƙirƙirar abubuwa ba. . Wannan halin yana buƙatar tsari mai gata don loda shirin BPF, amma sai matakai marasa gata na iya yin hulɗa tare da shirin.
    • Supportara tallafi don tsawaitawar AMD SEV-SNP (Secure Nested Paging), wanda ke ba da amintaccen aiki tare da teburan shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na gida kuma yana ba da kariya daga hare-haren "undeSErVed" da "Severity" akan na'urori masu sarrafawa na AMD EPYC, waɗanda ke ba da izinin ƙetare AMD SEV (Tsarin Rufewar Virtualization). ) tsarin kariya.
    • Ƙara goyon baya ga tsarin Intel TDX (Trusted Domain Extensions), wanda ke ba ku damar toshe yunƙurin ɓangare na uku don samun damar ɓoye ɓoyayyen ƙwaƙwalwar na'ura.
    • Direban virtio-blk, wanda aka yi amfani da shi don yin koyi da na'urorin toshe, ya kara tallafi ga I/O ta amfani da jefa kuri'a, wanda, bisa ga gwaje-gwaje, ya rage jinkiri da kusan 10%.
  • Tsarin hanyar sadarwa
    • Kunshin ya haɗa da jerin manyan faci na TCP waɗanda ke ba ku damar haɓaka matsakaicin girman fakiti na fakitin TCP zuwa 4GB don haɓaka ayyukan cibiyoyin cibiyoyin bayanai na ciki masu sauri. Irin wannan haɓakar girman fakiti tare da girman filin kai na 16-bit ana samun su ta hanyar aiwatar da fakitin "jumbo", girman da ke cikin taken IP wanda aka saita zuwa 0, kuma ana watsa ainihin girman a cikin 32-bit daban. filin a cikin wani rubutun da aka haɗe daban. A cikin gwajin aiki, saita girman fakiti zuwa 185 KB ya karu da kashi 50% kuma yana rage jinkirin canja wurin bayanai.
    • An ci gaba da aiki akan haɗa kayan aiki a cikin tarin cibiyar sadarwa don bin diddigin dalilan zubar fakiti (lambobin dalili). Ana aika lambar dalilin lokacin da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da ke da alaƙa da fakitin ta sami 'yanci kuma tana ba da damar yanayi kamar zubar da fakiti saboda kurakuran kai, rp_filter gano spoofing, cak ɗin mara inganci, daga ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, ƙa'idodin IPSec XFRM ya jawo, lambar layin TCP mara inganci, da sauransu.
    • Ƙara goyon baya don komawa MPTCP (MultiPath TCP) haɗin kai don amfani da TCP na yau da kullum, a cikin yanayin da ba za a iya amfani da wasu fasalulluka na MPTCP ba. MPTCP wani tsawo ne na ƙa'idar TCP don tsara aikin haɗin TCP tare da isar da fakiti a lokaci guda tare da hanyoyi da yawa ta hanyoyin mu'amalar cibiyar sadarwa daban-daban masu alaƙa da adiresoshin IP daban-daban. Ƙara API don sarrafa rafukan MPTCP daga sararin mai amfani.
  • Kayan aiki
    • An ƙara sama da layin 420k na lambar da ke da alaƙa da direban amdgpu, wanda kusan layin 400k fayilolin kai ne da aka ƙirƙira ta atomatik don bayanan rijistar ASIC a cikin direban AMD GPU, kuma wani layin 22.5k yana ba da aiwatar da fara aiwatar da tallafi ga AMD SoC21. Jimlar girman direba don AMD GPUs ya wuce layin lamba miliyan 4. Baya ga SoC21, direban AMD ya haɗa da tallafi don SMU 13.x (Sashin Gudanar da Tsari), tallafi da aka sabunta don USB-C da GPUVM, kuma yana shirye don tallafawa ƙarni na gaba na RDNA3 (RX 7000) da CDNA (AMD Instinct) dandamali.
    • Direban i915 (Intel) ya haɓaka damar da ya shafi sarrafa wutar lantarki. Abubuwan da aka ƙara don Intel DG2 (Arc Alchemist) GPUs da aka yi amfani da su akan kwamfyutoci, sun ba da tallafi na farko don dandamali na Intel Raptor Lake-P (RPL-P), ƙarin bayani game da katunan zane-zane na Arctic Sound-M), aiwatar da ABI don injunan ƙididdigewa, ƙara don Katunan DG2 suna goyan bayan tsarin Tile4; don tsarin da ya danganci Haswell microarchitecture, ana aiwatar da tallafin DisplayPort HDR.
    • Direban Nouveau ya canza zuwa amfani da drm_gem_plane_helper_prepare_fb mai kula; an yi amfani da ƙayyadaddun ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ga wasu sassa da masu canji. Dangane da amfani da kernel modules buɗaɗɗen tushen tushen NVIDIA a cikin Nouveau, aikin ya zuwa yanzu ya sauko don ganowa da kawar da kurakurai. A nan gaba, ana shirin yin amfani da firmware da aka buga don inganta aikin direba.
    • An ƙara direba don mai sarrafa NVMe da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kwamfutocin Apple bisa guntuwar M1.

A lokaci guda kuma, Gidauniyar Software na Kyauta ta Latin Amurka ta kirkiro sigar kwaya mai kyauta ta 5.19 - Linux-libre 5.19-gnu, share abubuwan firmware da direbobi waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ba kyauta ba ko sassan code, wanda iyakarsa shine. iyakance ta masana'anta. Sabon sakin yana tsabtace direbobi don pureLiFi X/XL/XC da TI AMx3 Wkup-M3 IPC. An sabunta lambar tsaftacewa a cikin Silicon Labs WFX, AMD amdgpu, Qualcomm WCNSS Peripheral Image Loader, Realtek Bluetooth, Mellanox Spectrum, Marvell WiFi-Ex, Intel AVS, IFS, direbobin pu3-imgu da tsarin ƙasa. An aiwatar da fayilolin kayan aikin Qualcomm AArch64. Ƙara goyon baya don sabon tsarin sakawa ɓangaren Buɗe Sauti na Firmware. Ya daina tsaftace ATM Ambasada direban, wanda aka cire daga kwaya. Gudanar da tsaftacewa a cikin HDCP da Mellanox Core an motsa shi don raba alamun kconfig.

source: budenet.ru

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