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Linux 5.2 kernel saki

Bayan watanni biyu na ci gaba, Linus Torvalds gabatar sakin kwaya Linux 5.2. Daga cikin mafi yawan canje-canjen da ake iya gani: Yanayin aiki na Ext4 ba shi da ma'ana, kira daban-daban na tsarin don hawa tsarin fayil, direbobi don GPU Mali 4xx/ 6xx/7xx, ikon sarrafa canje-canje a cikin ƙimar sysctl a cikin shirye-shiryen BPF, na'urar taswira. module dm-kura, kariya daga hare-hare MDS, goyon baya ga Sauti Bude Firmware don DSP, inganta aikin BFQ, kawo tsarin PSI (Bayanin Stall) zuwa yiwuwar amfani a cikin Android.

Sabuwar sigar ta ƙunshi gyara 15100 daga masu haɓakawa 1882,
girman faci - 62 MB (canji ya shafi fayilolin 30889, an ƙara layukan lambar 625094, an share layin 531864). Kusan 45% na duk an gabatar da su a cikin 5.2
canje-canje suna da alaƙa da direbobin na'ura, kusan kashi 21% na canje-canje suna
Halayen sabunta lambar musamman ga kayan gine-ginen kayan aiki, 12%
masu alaƙa da tarin hanyar sadarwa, 3% zuwa tsarin fayil da 3% zuwa ciki
kernel subsystems. 12.4% na duk canje-canje an shirya ta Intel, 6.3% ta Red Hat, 5.4% ta Google, 4.0% na AMD, 3.1% ta SUSE, 3% ta IBM, 2.7% na Huawei, 2.7% ta Linaro, 2.2% ta ARM , 1.6 % - Oracle.

Main sababbin abubuwa:

  • Tsarin Disk, I/O da Tsarin Fayil
    • An ƙara don Ext4 goyon baya yi aiki ba tare da bambance yanayin haruffa a cikin sunayen fayil ba, wanda aka kunna kawai dangane da kundayen adireshi guda ɗaya ta amfani da sabon sifa "+ F" (EXT4_CASEFOLD_FL). Lokacin da aka saita wannan sifa akan kundin adireshi, za a aiwatar da duk ayyuka tare da fayiloli da kundin adireshi a ciki ba tare da la'akari da yanayin haruffa ba, gami da shari'ar ba za a yi watsi da su ba yayin bincike da buɗe fayiloli (misali, fayilolin Test.txt, test.txt da test.TXT a cikin irin waɗannan kundayen adireshi za a yi la'akari iri ɗaya). Ta hanyar tsoho, tsarin fayil ɗin yana ci gaba da kasancewa mai hankali, ban da kundayen adireshi tare da sifa "chattr + F";
    • Ayyuka don sarrafa haruffan UTF-8 a cikin sunayen fayil, waɗanda ake amfani da su lokacin yin kwatanta kirtani da ayyukan daidaitawa, an haɗa su;
    • XFS yana ƙara abubuwan more rayuwa don tsarin kula da lafiyar tsarin fayil da sabon ioctl don tambayar matsayin lafiya. An aiwatar da fasalin gwaji don duba kidayar kan layi.
    • An ƙara sabon tsarin na'ura-mapper"dm- kura", wanda ke ba ka damar kwaikwayi bayyanar munanan tubalan akan kafofin watsa labarai ko kurakurai lokacin karantawa daga faifai. Tsarin yana ba ku damar sauƙaƙe gyarawa da gwajin aikace-aikacen da tsarin ajiya daban-daban a cikin fuskantar gazawar da za a iya samu;
    • An aiwatar Mahimman inganta ayyukan aiki don mai tsara I/O na BFQ. A cikin yanayin babban nauyin I/O, an inganta haɓakawa ba da izini Rage lokacin ayyuka kamar ƙaddamar da aikace-aikacen da har zuwa 80%.
    • Ƙara jerin kira na tsarin don hawan tsarin fayil: fsopen(), bude_itace(), fspick(), fsmount(), fsconfig () и motsi (). Waɗannan kiran tsarin suna ba ku damar aiwatar da matakai daban-daban na hawa daban-daban (aiki da babban katange, samun bayanai game da tsarin fayil, hawa, haɗe zuwa wurin dutse), waɗanda aka yi a baya ta amfani da kiran tsarin gama gari (). Kira daban-daban suna ba da damar yin ƙarin hadaddun yanayin dutsen da yin ayyuka daban-daban kamar sake saita babban katange, kunna zaɓuɓɓuka, canza wurin dutsen, da ƙaura zuwa wani wurin suna daban. Bugu da ƙari, aiki daban-daban yana ba ku damar ƙayyade ainihin dalilan fitar da lambobin kuskure da saita maɓuɓɓuka masu yawa don tsarin fayil mai yawa, kamar overlayfs;
    • An ƙara sabon aiki IORING_OP_SYNC_FILE_RANGE a cikin mahallin don asynchronous I/O io_uring, wanda ke aiwatar da ayyuka daidai da kiran tsarin sync_file_range(), da kuma aiwatar da ikon yin rajistar Eventfd tare da io_uring da karɓar sanarwa game da kammala ayyukan;
    • Don tsarin fayil ɗin CIFS, an ƙara FIEMAP ioctl, yana samar da ingantaccen taswira, da kuma goyan bayan hanyoyin SEEK_DATA da SEEK_HOLE;
    • A cikin tsarin FUSE shawara API don sarrafa caching na bayanai;
    • Btrfs ya inganta aiwatar da ƙungiyoyin qgroups da haɓaka saurin aiwatar da fsync don fayiloli tare da manyan hanyoyin haɗin gwiwa. An inganta lambar bincika amincin bayanan, wanda yanzu yayi la'akari da yiwuwar lalacewa ga bayanai a cikin RAM kafin zubar da bayanai zuwa faifai;
    • CEPH ta ƙara tallafi don fitar da hotuna ta hanyar NFS;
    • An inganta aiwatar da hawan NFSv4 a cikin yanayin "laushi" (idan kuskure ya faru a samun damar uwar garke a cikin yanayin "laushi", kira don dawo da lambar kuskure nan da nan, kuma a cikin yanayin "hard" ba a ba da shi ba har sai FS. an dawo da samuwa ko ƙarewar lokaci). Sabuwar sakin yana ba da ƙarin daidaitaccen sarrafa lokacin ƙarewa, saurin dawo da haɗari, da sabon zaɓin dutsen “softerr” wanda ke ba ku damar canza lambar kuskure (ETIMEDOUT) da aka dawo lokacin da lokaci ya ƙare;
    • API ɗin nfsdcld, wanda aka ƙera don bin yanayin abokan cinikin NFS, yana ba uwar garken NFS damar bin daidai yanayin yanayin abokin ciniki yayin sake kunnawa. Don haka, nfsdcld daemon na iya aiki a matsayin mai sarrafa nfsdcltrack;
    • don AFS kara da cewa kwaikwayi makullin kewayon byte a cikin fayiloli (Kulle Range Byte);
  • Hankali da Tsaro
    • An yi aiki don kawar da wurare a cikin kwaya wanda ke ba da izinin aiwatar da lambar daga wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar da aka rubuta, wanda ke ba da damar toshe ramukan da za a iya amfani da su yayin harin;
    • An ƙara sabon ma'aunin layin umarni na kernel "raguwa = ", yana ba da hanya mai sauƙi don sarrafa ba da damar wasu fasahohin don karewa daga lahani masu alaƙa da hasashe na aiwatar da umarni akan CPU. Wucewa "mitigations=off" yana hana duk hanyoyin da ake da su, kuma yanayin tsoho "mitigations=auto" yana ba da kariya amma baya shafar amfani da Hyper Threading. Yanayin "raguwa=auto,nosmt" yana kuma hana Hyper Threading idan hanyar kariya ta buƙaci.
    • Kara goyan bayan sa hannu na dijital na lantarki bisa ga GOST R 34.10-2012 (RFC 7091, ISO/IEC 14888-3), ci gaba Vitaly Chikunov daga Basalt SPO. Ƙara tallafi don AES128-CCM zuwa aiwatar da TLS na asali. Ƙara tallafi don algorithms AEAD zuwa ƙirar crypto_simd;
    • A cikin Kconfig kara da cewa wani sashe na “kwayar kwaya” daban tare da zaɓuɓɓuka don haɓaka kariyar kwaya. A halin yanzu, sabon sashe yana ƙunshe da saitunan kawai don kunna abubuwan haɓaka rajistan GCC;
    • Lambar kernel ya kusan isarwa daga maganganun shari'o'in da ba su karya ba a cikin canji (ba tare da dawowa ko karya ba bayan kowace shari'ar toshe). Ya rage don gyara 32 daga cikin 2311 lokuta na irin wannan amfani da sauyawa, bayan haka zai yiwu a yi amfani da yanayin "-Wimplicit-fallthrough" lokacin gina kwaya;
    • Don tsarin gine-ginen PowerPC, an aiwatar da goyan bayan hanyoyin kayan masarufi don iyakance hanyoyin samun damar kwaya maras so zuwa bayanai a sararin mai amfani;
    • Ƙara lambar toshewa hare-hare Ajin MDS (Microarchitectural Data Sampling) a cikin masu sarrafa Intel. Kuna iya bincika ko tsarin yana da rauni ga rauni ta hanyar SysFS m "/ sys / na'urori / tsarin / cpu / vulnerabilities / mds". Akwai Yanayin kariya guda biyu: cikakke, wanda ke buƙatar sabunta microcode, da wucewa, wanda baya ba da garantin gabaɗayan share abubuwan buffer na CPU lokacin da aka canja wurin sarrafawa zuwa sararin mai amfani ko tsarin baƙo. Don sarrafa yanayin kariya, an ƙara ma'aunin "mds =" zuwa kernel, wanda zai iya ɗaukar ƙimar "cikakken", "cikakken, nosmt" (+ musaki Hyper-Threads) da "kashe";
    • A kan tsarin x86-64, an ƙara kariyar "shafin Guard-page" don IRQ, hanyoyin gyarawa da masu sarrafa keɓantawa, ainihin su shine maye gurbin shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a kan iyaka tare da tari, samun dama wanda ke haifar da haɓakar wani abu. banda (laifi shafi);
    • Ƙara saitin sysctl vm.unprivileged_userfaultfd, wanda ke sarrafa ikon hanyoyin da ba su da gata don amfani da tsarin tsarin userfaultfd();
  • Tsarin hanyar sadarwa
    • Kara Tallafin ƙofar IPv6 don hanyoyin IPv4. Misali, yanzu zaku iya tantance ka'idojin zirga-zirga kamar “ip ro add 172.16.1.0/24 via inet6 2001:db8:: 1 dev eth0”;
    • Don ICMPv6, ioctl yana kiran icmp_echo_ignore_anycast da icmp_echo_ignore_multicast ana aiwatar da su don yin watsi da ICMP ECHO don kowane sist
      adiresoshin multicast. Kara ikon iyakance ƙarfin sarrafa fakitin ICMPv6;

    • Don BATMAN (Kyakkyawan Hanyar zuwa Sadarwar Sadarwar Wayar hannu) yarjejeniya ta raga, wanda ke ba da damar ƙirƙirar cibiyoyin sadarwar da ba a san su ba wanda kowane kumburi yana haɗa ta cikin nodes makwabta, kara da cewa goyon bayan watsa shirye-shirye daga multicast zuwa unicast, kazalika da ikon sarrafawa ta hanyar sysfs;
    • A cikin ethtool ya kara da cewa sabon ma'aunin Fast Link Down, wanda ke ba ku damar rage lokacin da ake ɗauka don karɓar bayani game da abin da ya faru na hanyar haɗin gwiwa don 1000BaseT (a ƙarƙashin yanayin al'ada jinkirin ya kai 750ms);
    • Ya bayyana damar ɗaure ramukan Foo-Over-UDP zuwa takamaiman adireshi, hanyar sadarwa ko soket (a daure an yi shi ta hanyar abin rufe fuska na kowa kawai);
    • A cikin tari mara waya bayar da yiwuwar aiwatar da ma'aikata
      OWE (Yin boye-boye mara waya ta dama) a cikin sarari mai amfani;

    • A cikin Netfilter, an ƙara tallafi ga dangin adireshin inet zuwa sarƙoƙi na nat (misali, yanzu zaku iya amfani da ƙa'idar fassarar guda ɗaya don aiwatar da ipv4 da ipv6, ba tare da raba ƙa'idodin ipv4 da ipv6 ba);
    • A cikin netlink ya kara da cewa Yanayin mai tsananin gaske don tabbatar da daidaiton duk saƙonni da sifofi, wanda ba a ba da izinin wuce girman halayen da ake sa ran ba kuma an haramta ƙarin ƙarin bayanai a ƙarshen saƙon;
  • Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sabis na tsarin
    • An ƙara tutar CLONE_PIDFD zuwa tsarin tsarin clone(), lokacin da aka ƙayyade, mai bayanin fayil "pidfd" da aka gano tare da tsarin yara da aka ƙirƙira ana mayar da shi zuwa tsarin iyaye. Ana iya amfani da wannan mai siffanta fayil ɗin, alal misali, don aika sigina ba tare da tsoron shiga cikin yanayin tsere ba (nan da nan bayan aika siginar, za'a iya 'yantar da maƙasudin PID saboda ƙarewar tsari da kuma shagaltar da wani tsari);
    • Don sigar ƙungiyoyi na biyu, an ƙara aikin mai sarrafa injin daskarewa, wanda tare da shi zaku iya dakatar da aiki a cikin rukuni kuma ku 'yantar da wasu albarkatu na ɗan lokaci (CPU, I/O, da yuwuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya) don yin wasu ayyuka. Ana gudanar da gudanarwa ta hanyar cgroup.freeze da cgroup.events sarrafa fayiloli a cikin bishiyar ƙungiyar. Shigar 1 a cikin cgroup.freeze yana daskare matakai a cikin rukunin yanzu da duk ƙungiyoyin yara. Tun da daskarewa yana ɗaukar ɗan lokaci, an ba da ƙarin fayil ɗin cgroup.events wanda za ku iya gano game da kammala aikin;
    • Amintacce fitarwa na sifofin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ke haɗe zuwa kowane kumburi a cikin sysfs, wanda ke ba ku damar tantance daga sararin mai amfani yanayin sarrafa bankunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin tsarin tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙira;
    • An inganta tsarin PSI (Matsa lamba Stall Information), wanda ke ba ka damar nazarin bayanai game da lokacin jira don karɓar albarkatu daban-daban (CPU, ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, I/O) don wasu ayyuka ko saitin tsari a cikin rukuni. Yin amfani da PSI, masu amfani da sararin samaniya na iya ƙididdige ƙimar tsarin da tsarin tafiyar da aiki daidai idan aka kwatanta da Matsakaicin Load. Sabuwar sigar tana ba da goyan baya don saita ƙofofin hankali da ikon yin amfani da kiran zaɓe () don karɓar sanarwa cewa an kunna ƙofofin da aka saita na wani ɗan lokaci. Wannan fasalin yana ba Android damar saka idanu akan ƙarancin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a matakin farko, gano tushen matsalolin da kuma dakatar da aikace-aikacen da ba su da mahimmanci ba tare da haifar da matsalolin da aka sani ga mai amfani ba. Lokacin gwajin damuwa, kayan aikin sa ido na amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na tushen PSI sun nuna ƙarancin ƙimar ƙarya sau 10 idan aka kwatanta da ƙididdigar vmpressure;
    • An inganta lambar don duba shirye-shiryen BPF, wanda ke ba da damar dubawa har sau 20 cikin sauri don manyan shirye-shirye. Ingantawa ya ba da damar haɓaka iyaka akan girman shirye-shiryen BPF daga 4096 zuwa umarnin miliyan;
    • Don shirye-shiryen BPF bayar da ikon samun damar yin amfani da bayanan duniya, wanda ke ba ku damar ayyana sauye-sauye na duniya da ma'auni a cikin shirye-shirye;
    • Kara API, wanda ke ba ku damar sarrafa canje-canje a cikin sigogi na sysctl daga shirye-shiryen BPF;
    • Don tsarin gine-ginen MIPS32, an aiwatar da na'ura mai haɗa JIT don na'ura mai kama da eBPF;
    • Don tsarin gine-ginen PowerPC na 32-bit, an ƙara tallafi ga KASan (Kernel address sanitizer) kayan aikin gyara kurakurai, wanda ke taimakawa gano kurakurai yayin aiki tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya;
    • A kan tsarin x86-64, an cire ƙuntatawa akan sanya jujjuyawar jihohi yayin haɗarin kwaya (crash-jump) a wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya sama da 896MB;
    • Don tsarin gine-ginen s390, ana aiwatar da tallafi don bazuwar adireshi na kernel (KASLR) da ikon tabbatar da sa hannun dijital lokacin loda kernel ta kexec_file_load();
    • Don tsarin gine-ginen PA-RISC, ƙarin tallafi ga kernel debugger (KGDB), alamun tsalle da kprobes;
  • Kayan aiki
    • An hada da direba Lima don Mali 400/450 GPU, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tsofaffin kwakwalwan kwamfuta da yawa dangane da gine-ginen ARM. Don sababbin GPUs na Mali, an ƙara direban Panfrost, goyon bayan kwakwalwan kwamfuta dangane da Midgard (Mali-T6xx, Mali-T7xx, Mali-T8xx) da Bifrost (Mali G3x, G5x, G7x) microarchitectures;
    • Ƙara tallafi don na'urorin sauti ta amfani da buɗaɗɗen firmware Bude Firmware (SOF). Duk da samuwar buɗaɗɗen direbobi, lambar firmware don guntun sauti har yanzu ta kasance a rufe kuma an kawo ta ta hanyar binary. The Sound Open Firmware aikin Intel ne ya ƙera shi don ƙirƙirar buɗaɗɗen firmware don kwakwalwan kwamfuta na DSP masu alaƙa da sarrafa sauti (Google kuma ya shiga haɓakawa). A halin yanzu, aikin ya riga ya shirya gano firmware don kwakwalwan sauti na Intel Baytrail, CherryTrail, Broadwell, ApolloLake, GeminiLake, CannonLake da dandamali na IceLake;
    • Direban Intel DRM (i915) yana ƙara goyan baya ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta
      Elkhartlake (Gen11). Ƙara ID na PCI don kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Comet Lake (Gen9). An daidaita goyan bayan guntuwar Icelake, wanda kuma an ƙara ƙarin abubuwan gano na'urar PCI.
      An kunna
      yanayin sauyawa asynchronous tsakanin buffers guda biyu a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar bidiyo (async flip) yayin aiwatar da ayyukan rubutu ta hanyar mmio, wanda ya ƙara haɓaka aikin wasu aikace-aikacen 3D (misali, aikin a cikin gwajin 3DMark Ice Storm ya ƙaru da 300-400%). Ƙara goyon bayan fasaha Bayanan HDCP2.2 (Kariyar abun ciki na Dijital mai girma) don ɓoye siginar bidiyo da aka watsa ta hanyar HDMI;

    • Direban amdgpu na Vega20 GPU kara da cewa goyon baya ga RAS (Amintacce, Samun, Sabis) da goyan bayan gwaji don tsarin tsarin SMU 11, wanda ya maye gurbin fasahar Powerplay. Don GPU Vega12 kara da cewa goyan bayan yanayin BACO (Bas Active, Chip Off). Ƙara goyon baya na farko don XGMI, bas mai sauri (PCIe 4.0) don haɗin gwiwar GPU. Ƙara abubuwan da suka ɓace don katunan dangane da Polaris10 GPU zuwa direban amdkfd;
    • Direban Nouveau ya ƙara goyan baya ga allo dangane da NVIDIA Turing 117 chipset (TU117, wanda aka yi amfani da shi a cikin GeForce GTX 1650). IN
      kconfig kara da cewa saitin don kashe ayyukan da ba a gama amfani da su ba a cikin sakin libdrm na yanzu;

    • An ƙara goyan bayan abubuwan daidaitawa na "lokaci" zuwa DRM API da direban amdgpu, yana ba ku damar yin ba tare da toshewa na yau da kullun ba.
    • An matsar da direban vboxvideo don VirtualBox GPU mai kama da shi daga reshen tsarawa zuwa babban tsari;
    • Ƙara direban gaggawa don GFX SoC ASPEED guntu;
    • Ƙara goyon baya ga ARM SoC da Intel Agilex (SoCFPGA), NXP i.MX8MM, Allwinner (RerVision H3-DVK (H3), Oceanic 5205 5inMFD, , Beelink GS2 (H6), Orange Pi 3 (H6)), Rockchip (Orange Pi). ) allunan RK3399, Nanopi NEO4, Veyron-Mighty Chromebook), Amlogic: SEI Robotics SEI510,
      ST Micro (stm32mp157a, stm32mp157c), NXP (
      Eckelmann ci4x10 (i.MX6DL),

      i.MX8MM EVK (i.MX8MM),

      ZII i.MX7 RPU2 (i.MX7),

      ZII SPB4 (VF610),

      Zii Ultra (i.MX8M),

      TQ TQMa7S (i.MX7Solo),

      TQ TQMa7D (i.MX7Dual),

      Kobo Aura (i.MX50),

      Menlosystems M53 (i.MX53)), NVIDIA Jetson Nano (Tegra T210).

A lokaci guda kuma, Cibiyar Software na Kyauta ta Latin Amurka kafa
zaɓi Kwayar cuta gaba daya kyauta 5.2 - Linux-libre 5.2-gnu, An share daga firmware da abubuwan direba masu ƙunshe da abubuwan da ba su da kyauta ko sassan lambobi, iyakar abin da masana'anta ke iyakancewa. Sabon saki ya haɗa da loda fayil
Sauti Buɗe Firmware. Load ɗin ƙugiya a cikin direbobi ba shi da rauni
mt7615, rtw88, rtw8822b, rtw8822c, btmtksdio, iqs5xx, ishtp da ucsi_ccg. An sabunta lambar tsabtace blob a cikin ixp4xx, imx-sdma, amdgpu, nouveau da goya drivers da subsystems, da kuma a cikin takaddun microcode,. Dakatar da goge goge a cikin direban r8822be saboda cire shi.

source: budenet.ru

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