Bayan watanni biyu na ci gaba, Linus Torvalds sakin kwaya . Daga cikin manyan manyan canje-canje: mai gano yanayin tseren KCSAN, tsarin duniya don isar da sanarwar zuwa sararin mai amfani, goyan bayan kayan aikin ɓoyayyen layi, ingantattun hanyoyin tsaro don ARM64, goyan bayan na'urar sarrafa ta Baikal-T1 na Rasha, da ikon haɓaka lokuta daban-daban. , Aiwatar da hanyoyin tsaro na Shadow don ARM64 Call Stack da BTI.
Kernel 5.8 ya zama mafi girma dangane da adadin canje-canjen duk kernels yayin duk wanzuwar aikin. Haka kuma, sauye-sauyen ba su da alaƙa da kowane tsarin ƙasa ɗaya, amma suna rufe sassa daban-daban na kwaya kuma galibi suna da alaƙa da sake yin aikin ciki da tsaftacewa. Ana ganin manyan canje-canje a cikin direbobi. Sabuwar sigar ta ƙunshi gyare-gyare 17606 daga masu haɓakawa 2081, wanda ya shafi kusan kashi 20% na duk fayilolin da ke cikin ma'ajiyar lambar kwaya. Girman facin shine 65 MB (canje-canjen sun shafi fayiloli 16180, an ƙara layukan lambar 1043240, an share layin 489854). Idan aka kwatanta, reshen 5.7 yana da gyare-gyare 15033 da girman facin 39 MB. Kimanin kashi 37% na duk canje-canjen da aka gabatar a cikin 5.8 suna da alaƙa da direbobin na'ura, kusan 16% na canje-canje suna da alaƙa da sabunta lambar musamman ga kayan gine-ginen kayan aiki, 11% suna da alaƙa da tarin cibiyar sadarwa, 3% suna da alaƙa da tsarin fayil, da 4% suna da alaƙa da tsarin kernel na ciki.
:
- Hankali da Tsaro
- Ana loda nau'ikan kernel waɗanda ke da ɓangarori masu lamba waɗanda aka ba da ɓangarorin da ke ba da izinin aiwatarwa da rubutu a lokaci guda. An aiwatar da canjin a matsayin wani ɓangare na babban aikin don kawar da kernel daga amfani da shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda ke ba da izinin aiwatarwa da rubutu lokaci guda.
- Yanzu yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙiri wasu misalan procfs daban-daban, suna ba da damar yin amfani da maƙallan dutsen procfs da yawa, waɗanda aka ɗora tare da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban, amma suna nuna wannan tsari mai gano sararin suna (pid namespace). A baya can, duk wuraren hawan procfs kawai suna nuna wakilci ɗaya ne kawai, kuma duk wani canji ga sigogin dutsen ya shafi duk sauran wuraren tsaunuka masu alaƙa da tsarin sunan ID iri ɗaya. Daga cikin wuraren da hawa tare da zaɓuɓɓuka daban-daban na iya kasancewa cikin buƙata shine aiwatar da warewa mai sauƙi don tsarin da aka haɗa tare da ikon ɓoye wasu nau'ikan tsari da nodes na bayanai a cikin procfs.
- An aiwatar da goyan bayan tsarin don dandalin ARM64
, mai tarawa Clang ya samar don kariya daga sake rubuta adireshin dawowar wani aiki a yayin da ma'aunin ma'auni ya cika. Ma'anar kariyar ita ce adana adireshin dawowa a cikin tari na "inuwa" daban bayan canja wurin sarrafawa zuwa aiki da dawo da wannan adireshin kafin fita aikin. - An ƙara tallafin umarni don dandalin ARM64 (Mai nuna Target Reshe) don kare aiwatar da tsarin umarni waɗanda bai kamata a sanya su ba. Ana aiwatar da toshe sauye-sauye zuwa sassan code na sabani don hana ƙirƙirar na'urori a cikin abubuwan amfani waɗanda ke amfani da dabarun shirye-shiryen da suka dace da dawowa (ROP - Shirye-shiryen Komawa; maharin baya ƙoƙarin sanya lambarsa a cikin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, amma yana aiki akan ɓangarorin da suka riga sun kasance. na umarnin inji wanda ya ƙare tare da umarnin sarrafawa na dawowa, wanda aka gina sarkar kira don samun aikin da ake so).
- Ƙarin tallafin kayan aiki don ɓoyayyen layi na na'urorin toshe (). Na'urorin boye-boye na inlinep galibi ana gina su a cikin tuƙi, amma suna cikin hikima a tsakanin ƙwaƙwalwar tsarin da faifai, ɓoyewa a sarari da ɓoye I/O bisa ƙayyadaddun maɓallan kernel da algorithm na ɓoyewa.
- An ƙara zaɓin layin umarni na kernel "initrdmem" don ba ku damar saka adireshin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar jiki na initrd lokacin sanya hoton taya na farko a RAM.
- Ƙara sabon iyawa: CAP_PERFMON don samun dama ga tsarin tsarin perf da aiwatar da aikin sa ido. , wanda ke ba da damar wasu ayyukan BPF (kamar loda shirye-shiryen BPF) waɗanda a baya ake buƙatar haƙƙin CAP_SYS_ADMIN (CAP_SYS_ADMIN haƙƙoƙin yanzu an raba su zuwa haɗin CAP_BPF, CAP_PERFMON, da CAP_NET_ADMIN).
- sabon na'urar virtio-mem wanda ke ba ku damar yin zafi-toshe da ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwa mai zafi a cikin tsarin baƙi.
- Tunawa da aiwatar da ayyukan taswira a cikin /dev/mem idan direban na'urar yana amfani da wuraren ƙwaƙƙwaran da suka mamaye.
- Ƙara kariya ta rauni , wanda ke ba ka damar maido da sakamakon wasu umarni da aka kashe akan wani ainihin CPU.
- Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sabis na tsarin
- A cikin daftarin aiki da ke bayyana ƙa'idodin tsara lambar, shawarwari don amfani da haɗakar kalmomi. Ba a ba da shawarar masu haɓakawa su yi amfani da haɗin gwiwar 'master / bawa' da 'blacklist / whitelist', da kalmar 'bawa' daban. Shawarwari sun shafi sabbin amfani da waɗannan sharuɗɗan kawai. ambaton ƙayyadaddun kalmomin da aka riga aka ambata a cikin ainihin ba za su kasance ba a taɓa su ba. A cikin sabuwar lamba, ana ba da izinin amfani da sharuɗɗan da aka yiwa alama idan an buƙata don tallafawa API da ABI da aka fallasa a cikin sarari mai amfani, da kuma lokacin sabunta lambar don tallafawa kayan aikin da ke akwai ko ƙa'idodi waɗanda ƙayyadaddun su na buƙatar amfani da wasu sharuɗɗan.
- An haɗa kayan aikin gyara kuskure (Kernel Concurrency Sanitizer), wanda aka ƙera don ganowa mai ƙarfi cikin zuciyar. Ana goyan bayan yin amfani da KCSAN lokacin ginawa a GCC da Clang, kuma yana buƙatar gyare-gyare na musamman a lokacin tattarawa don waƙa da samun damar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (ana amfani da wuraren hutu waɗanda ke kunna lokacin da aka karanta ko gyara ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya). Babban abin da ya fi mayar da hankali ga ci gaban KCSAN ya kasance kan rigakafin gaskiya na karya, haɓakawa, da sauƙin amfani.
- Kara isar da sanarwa daga kernel zuwa sararin mai amfani. Tsarin yana dogara ne akan daidaitaccen direban bututu kuma yana ba ku damar rarraba sanarwar da kyau daga kernel akan tashoshi da aka buɗe a cikin sararin mai amfani. Abubuwan karɓar sanarwar bututu ne waɗanda aka buɗe a cikin yanayi na musamman kuma suna ba da izinin tara saƙonnin da aka karɓa daga kernel a cikin buffer na zobe. Ana yin karatu ta hanyar aikin karanta () da aka saba. Mai tashar yana ƙayyade ko wane tushe a cikin kernel da ake buƙatar kulawa kuma yana iya ayyana matatar don watsi da wasu nau'ikan saƙonni da abubuwan da suka faru. Daga cikin abubuwan da suka faru, a halin yanzu ana tallafawa ayyuka tare da maɓalli, kamar ƙara/cire maɓalli da canza halayensu. An shirya yin amfani da waɗannan abubuwan a cikin GNOME.
- Ci gaba da haɓaka ayyukan 'pidfd' don taimakawa magance yanayin sake amfani da PID (pidfd yana da alaƙa da takamaiman tsari kuma baya canzawa, yayin da PID na iya haɗawa da wani tsari bayan tsarin na yanzu mai alaƙa da wancan PID ya ƙare). Sabuwar sigar tana ƙara goyan baya don amfani da pidfd don haɗa tsari zuwa wuraren suna (ba da damar pidfd a ƙayyade lokacin aiwatar da kiran tsarin saitin). Yin amfani da pidfd yana ba ku damar sarrafa abin da aka makala tsari zuwa nau'ikan filayen suna da yawa tare da kira ɗaya, rage girman adadin kiran tsarin da ake buƙata da aiwatar da abin da aka makala a yanayin atomic (idan abin da aka makala zuwa ɗayan wuraren suna ya gaza, sauran ba za su haɗa ba) .
- An ƙara sabon tsarin kira facecessat2(), daban da
ƙarin gardama tare da tutoci waɗanda suka dace da shawarwarin POSIX (a baya waɗannan tutoci an yi koyi da su a cikin ɗakin karatu na C, kuma sabon facesat2 yana ba su damar aiwatar da su a cikin kwaya). - A cikin Kungiya memori.swap.high saitin da za a iya amfani da shi don rage ayyukan da ke ɗaukar sararin musanyawa.
- Zuwa ga mahaɗin I/O mai asynchronous ƙarin tallafi don kiran tsarin tee ().
- Ƙarfafa tsarin", an tsara shi don fitar da abubuwan da ke cikin sigar kernel zuwa sararin mai amfani.
- ikon yin amfani da buffer na zobe don musayar bayanai tsakanin shirye-shiryen BPF.
- A cikin inji , An tsara shi don tsara daidaitattun aiwatar da ayyuka a cikin kernel, ƙara goyon baya ga ayyuka masu yawa da yawa tare da daidaita nauyin kaya.
- A cikin tsarin pstore, wanda ke ba ku damar adana bayanan ɓoyayyiya game da abin da ya haifar da faɗuwar a wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda ba a rasa ba tsakanin sake kunnawa, baya don adana bayanai don toshe na'urori.
- Daga reshen kernel PREEMPT_RT aiwatar da makullin gida.
- sabon buffer allocation API (AF_XDP), da nufin sauƙaƙe rubutun direbobin hanyar sadarwa tare da tallafin XDP (eXpress Data Path).
- Don gine-ginen RISC-V, an aiwatar da goyan bayan gyara abubuwan kernel ta amfani da KGDB.
- Kafin a saki 4.8, an ƙara buƙatun sigar GCC da za a iya amfani da ita don gina kernel. A cikin ɗayan fitowar ta gaba an shirya ɗaga mashaya zuwa GCC 4.9.
- Tsarin Disk, I/O da Tsarin Fayil
- A cikin Taswirar Na'ura sabon dm-ebs (emulate block size) mai sarrafa, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don yin koyi da ƙaramin toshe mai ma'ana (misali, don yin koyi da sassan 512-byte akan faifai masu girman ɓangaren 4K).
- Tsarin fayil ɗin F2FS yanzu yana goyan bayan matsawa ta amfani da LZO-RLE algorithm.
- A cikin dm-crypt goyan bayan maɓallan rufaffiyar.
- Btrfs ya inganta sarrafa ayyukan karantawa a cikin yanayin I/O kai tsaye. Lokacin hawa duba ɓangarorin da aka share da kundayen adireshi da aka bari ba tare da iyaye ba.
- An ƙara ma'aunin "nodelete" zuwa CIFS, yana ba da damar bincika izini na yau da kullun akan sabar, amma hana abokin ciniki share fayiloli ko kundayen adireshi.
- Ext4 ya inganta sarrafa kurakurai lokacin amfani da multithreading. xattr ya ƙara goyon baya ga gnu.* sunaye da aka yi amfani da su a GNU Hurd.
- Don Ext4 da XFS, an kunna tallafi don ayyukan DAX (hanzari kai tsaye zuwa tsarin fayil, ketare cache shafi ba tare da amfani da matakin toshe na'urar ba) dangane da fayiloli da kundayen adireshi guda ɗaya.
- A cikin kiran tsarin tuta ya kara , wanda idan aka ƙayyade, yana dawo da bayanai ta amfani da injin DAX.
- EXFAT goyan baya don tabbatar da yankin taya.
- A cikin FAT proactive loading na FS abubuwa. Gwajin jinkirin 2TB na USB ya nuna raguwar lokacin kammala gwajin daga 383 zuwa 51 seconds.
- Tsarin hanyar sadarwa
- A cikin lambar don sarrafa aikin gadoji na cibiyar sadarwa goyon bayan yarjejeniya (Media Redundancy Protocol), wanda ke ba da izinin haƙuri ga kuskure ta hanyar madaidaicin maɓallan Ethernet da yawa.
- Zuwa tsarin kula da zirga-zirga (Tc) sabon aikin "ƙofa", wanda ke ba da damar ayyana tazarar lokaci don sarrafawa da watsar da wasu fakiti.
- An ƙara tallafi don gwada kebul na hanyar sadarwa da aka haɗa da gano kai na na'urorin cibiyar sadarwa zuwa kernel da mai amfani da ethtool.
- An ƙara goyan baya ga MPLS (Label Canjin Lakabin Multiprotocol) algorithm zuwa ɗimbin IPv6 don fakitin kewayawa ta amfani da sauyawar lakabin multiprotocol (an riga an goyan MPLS don IPv4).
- Ƙara goyon baya don watsa IKE (Internet Key Exchange) da fakitin IPSec akan TCP () don ƙetare yuwuwar toshewar UDP.
- na'urar toshe hanyar sadarwa rnbd, wanda ke ba ka damar tsara hanyar nesa zuwa na'urar toshe ta amfani da jigilar RDMA (InfiniBand, RoCE, iWARP) da ka'idar RTRS.
- A cikin tarin TCP goyan baya don matsawa kewayo a cikin martanin zaɓin yarda (SACK).
- Bayani na IPv6 Tallafin TCP-LD (, Dogon Haɗuwa Rushewa).
- Kayan aiki
- Direban i915 DRM na katunan bidiyo na Intel ya haɗa da goyan bayan kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Intel Tiger Lake (GEN12) ta tsohuwa, wanda ikon yin amfani da tsarin SAGV (System Agent Geyserville) don daidaita mita da ƙarfin lantarki dangane da amfani da wutar lantarki ko buƙatun aiki.
- Direban amdgpu ya ƙara goyon baya ga tsarin FP16 pixel da ikon yin aiki tare da ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyen ɓoyayyiyar ƙwaƙwalwar bidiyo (TMZ, Ƙwararren Ƙwararren Ƙwaƙwalwa).
- Supportara tallafi don na'urori masu auna firikwensin wuta don AMD Zen da na'urori masu sarrafawa na Zen2, kazalika da na'urori masu auna zafin jiki don AMD Ryzen 4000 Renoir. Ana ba da tallafi don dawo da bayanan amfani da wutar lantarki ta hanyar dubawa don AMD Zen da Zen2 (Matsakaicin Iyakar Wutar Gudu).
- Ƙara goyon baya don tsarin gyara na NVIDIA zuwa direban Nouveau. Don gv100, an aiwatar da ikon yin amfani da hanyoyin bincike masu alaƙa. Ƙara ma'anar vGPU.
- Ƙara tallafi don Adreno A405, A640 da A650 GPUs zuwa direban MSM (Qualcomm).
- Tsarin ciki don sarrafa albarkatun DRM (Direct Rendering Manager).
- Ƙara goyon baya ga Xiaomi Redmi Note 7 da Samsung Galaxy S2 wayowin komai da ruwan, da kwamfyutocin Elm/Hana Chromebook.
- Direbobin da aka ƙara don bangarorin LCD: ASUS TM5P5 NT35596, Starry KR070PE2T, Leadtek LTK050H3146W, Visionox rm69299, Boe tv105wum-nw0.
- Supportara tallafi don allon ARM da dandamali Renesas "RZ/G1H", Realtek RTD1195, Realtek RTD1395/RTD1619, Rockchips RK3326, AMLogic S905D, S905X3, S922XH, Olimex A20-OLinuXino-Lime-50e Point-eMcXNUMX
, Beacon i.MX8m-Mini, Qualcomm SDM660 / SDM630, Xnano X5 TV Box, Stinger96, Beaglebone-AI. - Ƙarin tallafi don mai sarrafa MIPS Loongson-2K (wanda aka taƙaita Loongson64). Don CPU Loongson 3, an ƙara goyan bayan ƙirƙira ta amfani da hypervisor KVM.
-
goyon baya ga mai sarrafa Baikal-T1 na Rasha da kuma tsarin-kan-guntu dangane da shi . Mai sarrafa na'urar Baikal-T1 ya ƙunshi P5600 MIPS 32 r5 superscalar cores guda biyu masu aiki a 1.2 GHz. Guntu ya ƙunshi cache L2 (1 MB), DDR3-1600 ECC mai sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, 1 10Gb Ethernet tashar jiragen ruwa, 2 1Gb Ethernet tashar jiragen ruwa, PCIe Gen.3 x4 mai sarrafa, 2 SATA 3.0 tashar jiragen ruwa, USB 2.0, GPIO, UART, SPI, I2C. Mai sarrafa na'ura yana ba da tallafin kayan aiki don ƙirƙira, umarnin SIMD da haɗe-haɗen kayan aikin sirri na kayan aiki wanda ke goyan bayan GOST 28147-89. An haɓaka guntu ta amfani da MIPS32 P5600 Warrior processor core block mai lasisi daga Fasahar Imagination.
A lokaci guda kuma, Cibiyar Software na Kyauta ta Latin Amurka
zaɓi - , An share daga firmware da abubuwan direba masu ƙunshe da abubuwan da ba su da kyauta ko sassan lambobi, iyakar abin da masana'anta ke iyakancewa. Sabuwar sakin tana hana ɗaukar nauyin toshewa a cikin direbobi don Atom ISP Video, MediaTek 7663 USB/7915 PCIe, Realtek 8723DE WiFi, Renesas PCI xHCI, HabanaLabs Gaudi, Ingantaccen Samfurin Samfuran Rate, Maxim Integrated MAX98390 Mai Haɗawa MAX38060 Mai Magana da Mai Haɗawa, Microse da I2C EEPROM Bawan. An sabunta lambar tsaftacewa a cikin Adreno GPU, HabanaLabs Goya, x86 allon taɓawa, vt6656 da direbobin btbcm da tsarin ƙasa.
source: budenet.ru