Linux 6.0 kernel saki

Bayan watanni biyu na haɓakawa, Linus Torvalds ya gabatar da sakin Linux 6.0 kwaya. Babban canji a lambar sigar don dalilai na ado kuma mataki ne na yau da kullun don kawar da rashin jin daɗi na tara batutuwa masu yawa a cikin jerin (Linus ya yi ba'a cewa dalilin canza lambar reshe ya fi yuwuwa saboda ya tsere daga yatsu. da yatsun kafa don ƙidaya lambobin sigar). Daga cikin manyan canje-canje masu mahimmanci: goyan baya don rubutun asynchronous buffered a cikin XFS, direban toshe ublk, haɓaka mai tsara ɗawainiya, hanyar tabbatar da daidaitaccen aiki na kwaya, goyan bayan ARIA block cipher.

Mabuɗin sabbin abubuwa a cikin kernel 6.0:

• Tsarin Disk, I/O da Tsarin Fayil
  • Tsarin fayil ɗin XFS ya ƙara tallafi don rubutaccen buffered asynchronous ta amfani da injin io_uring. Gwajin aikin da aka gudanar ta amfani da kayan aikin fio (1 thread, 4kB block size, 600 seconds, rubuta jeri) yana nuna haɓaka ayyukan shigarwa / fitarwa a sakan daya (IOPS) daga 77k zuwa 209k, saurin canja wurin bayanai daga 314MB/s zuwa 854MB / s, da raguwar latency daga 9600ns zuwa 120ns (sau 80).
  • Tsarin fayil ɗin Btrfs yana aiwatar da nau'i na biyu na yarjejeniya don umarnin "aika", wanda ke aiwatar da tallafi don ƙarin metadata, aika bayanai a cikin manyan tubalan (fiye da 64K) da watsa iyakoki a cikin nau'i mai matsawa. Ayyukan ayyukan karanta kai tsaye sun ƙaru sosai (har zuwa sau 3) saboda karatun lokaci guda har zuwa sassa 256. Rage takaddamar kullewa da hanzarta bincika metadata ta hanyar rage keɓaɓɓen bayanan metadata don abubuwan da aka jinkirta.
  • Sabbin ayyukan ioctl EXT4_IOC_GETFSUUID da EXT4_IC_SETFSUUID an saka su cikin tsarin fayil na ext4 don dawo da ko saita UUID da aka adana a cikin babban katanga.
  • Tsarin fayil na F2FS yana ba da yanayin amfani da ƙananan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda ke inganta aiki akan na'urori tare da ƙananan RAM kuma yana ba ku damar rage yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a farashin rage yawan aiki.
  • Ƙara goyon baya don tabbatar da tuƙin NVMe.
  • Sabar NFSv4 tana aiwatar da iyaka akan adadin abokan ciniki masu aiki, wanda aka saita azaman abokan ciniki masu inganci 1024 don kowane gigabyte na RAM a cikin tsarin.
  • Aiwatar da abokin ciniki na CIFS ya inganta aiki a yanayin watsa tashoshi da yawa.
  • An ƙara sabon tuta FAN_MARK_IGNORE zuwa tsarin bibiyar taron a cikin fanotify FS don yin watsi da takamaiman abubuwan da suka faru.
  • A cikin Overlayfs FS, lokacin da aka ɗora a saman FS tare da taswirar ID na mai amfani, an bayar da madaidaicin goyan bayan jerin abubuwan sarrafawa masu dacewa da POSIX.
  • An ƙara direban toshe ublk, wanda ke motsa ƙayyadaddun dabaru zuwa gefen tsarin baya a sararin mai amfani kuma yana amfani da tsarin io_uring.
• Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sabis na tsarin
  • An ƙara sabbin abubuwa zuwa tsarin DAMON (Data Access MONitor), wanda ke ba da damar ba kawai saka idanu kan hanyar shiga RAM daga sararin mai amfani ba, har ma don tasiri sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Musamman, an gabatar da sabon tsarin "LRU_SORT", wanda ke ba da sake tattara jerin sunayen LRU (Ƙarancin Kwanan nan da Aka Yi Amfani da su) don ƙara fifikon wasu shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya.
  • An aiwatar da ikon ƙirƙirar sabbin yankuna na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta amfani da damar bas ɗin CXL (Compute Express Link), wanda ake amfani da shi don tsara hulɗa mai sauri tsakanin CPU da na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. CXL yana ba ku damar haɗa sabbin yankuna na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya waɗanda na'urorin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na waje ke bayarwa kuma amfani da su azaman ƙarin albarkatun sararin adireshi na zahiri don faɗaɗa ƙwaƙwalwar shiga bazuwar tsarin (DDR) ko ƙwaƙwalwar dindindin (PMEM).
  • An warware batutuwan aiki tare da na'urori masu sarrafawa na AMD Zen wanda ya haifar da lambar da aka ƙara shekaru 20 da suka gabata don yin aiki game da batun kayan masarufi a cikin wasu kwakwalwan kwamfuta (an ƙara ƙarin umarnin WAIT don rage na'urar don haka chipset ya sami lokacin shiga cikin rashin aiki). Canjin ya haifar da raguwar aiki a ƙarƙashin nauyin aiki wanda akai-akai tsakanin jahohi marasa aiki da masu aiki. Misali, bayan kashe aikin, matsakaicin makin gwajin tbench ya karu daga 32191 MB/s zuwa 33805 MB/s.
  • An cire lambar tare da kayan aikin heuristics daga mai tsara aikin, yana tabbatar da ƙaura na matakai zuwa CPUs mafi ƙarancin ɗorawa, la'akari da fa'idar da aka annabta na amfani da makamashi. Masu haɓakawa sun kammala cewa heuristic ba shi da amfani sosai kuma yana da sauƙi don cire shi da ƙaura ba tare da ƙarin ƙima ba a duk lokacin da irin wannan ƙaura na iya haifar da ƙarancin amfani da wutar lantarki (misali, lokacin da CPU mai niyya ke cikin ƙaramin ƙarfin wutar lantarki). Kashe kayan aikin motsa jiki ya haifar da raguwar amfani da wutar lantarki yayin aiwatar da ayyuka masu mahimmanci, alal misali, a cikin gwajin ƙaddamar da bidiyo, amfani da wutar lantarki ya ragu da 5.6%.
  • An inganta rarraba ayyuka a cikin ƙananan CPU a kan manyan tsarin, wanda ya inganta aikin aiki don wasu nau'in nauyin aiki.
  • Io_uring asynchronous I/O interface yana ba da sabon tuta, IORING_RECV_MULTISHOT, wanda ke ba ku damar amfani da yanayin harbi da yawa tare da tsarin tsarin recv() don aiwatar da ayyukan karantawa da yawa daga soket ɗin cibiyar sadarwa ɗaya lokaci ɗaya. io_uring kuma yana goyan bayan canja wurin hanyar sadarwa ba tare da buffer na matsakaici ba (kwafin sifili).
  • Aiwatar da ikon sanya shirye-shiryen BPF da ke haɗe zuwa bincike cikin yanayin barci. BPF kuma yana ƙara sabon ksym mai ƙira don aiki tare da tebur alamar kwaya.
  • An cire tsohon “efivars” dubawa a cikin sysfs, wanda aka yi niyya don samun dama ga masu canjin taya na UEFI (Efivarfs Virtual FS yanzu ana amfani da shi a duk duniya don samun damar bayanan EFI).
  • Mai amfani da perf yana da sabbin rahotanni don nazarin rikice-rikicen kulle-kulle da lokacin da mai sarrafa ke kashe yana aiwatar da abubuwan kernel.
  • An cire saitin CONFIG_CC_OPTIMIZE_FOR_PERFORMANCE_O3, wanda ya ba da damar gina kernel a cikin yanayin ingantawa na "-O3". An lura cewa ana iya yin gwaje-gwaje tare da hanyoyin ingantawa ta hanyar wucewar tutoci yayin taro ("yi KCFLAGS = -O3"), kuma ƙara saiti zuwa Kconfig yana buƙatar bayanin martaba mai maimaitawa, yana nuna cewa buɗe madauki da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin yanayin "-O3". yana ba da fa'ida idan aka kwatanta da matakin haɓakawa na “-O2”.
  • An ƙara ƙirar debugfs don samun bayanai game da ayyukan “masu ɓarna ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya” (masu sarrafa abin da ake kira lokacin da rashin isasshen ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da tattara bayanan kernel don rage yawan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar su).
  • Don gine-ginen OpenRISC da LoongArch, ana aiwatar da goyan bayan bas ɗin PCI.
  • Don gine-ginen RISC-V, an aiwatar da tsawo na "Zicbom" don sarrafa na'urori tare da DMA waɗanda ba su dace da cache ba.
• Hankali da Tsaro
  • An ƙara injin tabbatarwa na RV (Runtime Verification) don tabbatar da ingantaccen aiki akan ingantattun tsarin da ke ba da garantin gazawa. Ana yin tabbaci a lokacin aiki ta hanyar haɗa masu aiki zuwa wuraren gano abubuwan da ke bincika ainihin ci gaban aiwatarwa a kan ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun na'ura wanda ke bayyana halayen da ake tsammanin tsarin. Tabbatarwa tare da ƙira a lokacin aiki an saita shi azaman mafi sauƙi kuma hanya mai sauƙi don aiwatarwa don tabbatar da daidaiton aiwatarwa akan mahimmin tsarin, haɓaka hanyoyin tabbatarwa na gargajiya. Daga cikin fa'idodin RV shine ikon samar da tabbataccen tabbaci ba tare da aiwatar da tsarin gaba ɗaya ba a cikin yaren ƙirar ƙira, da kuma sassaucin martani ga abubuwan da ba a zata ba.
  • Haɗe-haɗe na kernel don sarrafa ɓarna bisa tushen fasahar Intel SGX2 (Software Guard eXtensions), wanda ke ba da damar aikace-aikacen aiwatar da lamba a keɓance ɓoyayyun wuraren ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya, wanda sauran tsarin ke da iyakataccen dama. Ana tallafawa fasahar Intel SGX2 a cikin Intel Ice Lake da guntuwar Gemini Lake, kuma ta bambanta da Intel SGX1 a cikin ƙarin umarni don sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai ƙarfi na enclaves.
  • Don gine-ginen x86, an aiwatar da ikon canja wurin iri don janareta na pseudorandom ta hanyar saitunan bootloader.
  • SafeSetID LSM module yanzu yana da ikon sarrafa canje-canjen da aka yi ta hanyar kiran ƙungiyoyin saiti. SafeSetID yana ba da damar tsarin sabis don sarrafa masu amfani amintattu ba tare da haɓaka gata ba (CAP_SETUID) kuma ba tare da samun tushen gata ba.
  • Ƙara tallafi don ARIA block cipher.
  • Tsarin gudanarwa na tushen tsaro na BPF yana ba da damar haɗa masu gudanarwa zuwa tsari guda ɗaya da ƙungiyoyin tsari (ƙungiyoyi).
  • An ƙara wani tsari tare da aiwatar da sa ido don gano rataye na tsarin baƙo bisa lura da ayyukan vCPU.
• Tsarin hanyar sadarwa
  • An ƙara masu sarrafa don ƙirƙira da duba kukis na SYN zuwa tsarin ƙasa na BPF. Hakanan an ƙara saitin ayyuka (kfunc) don samun dama da canza yanayin haɗi.
  • Tarin mara waya ta ƙara goyan baya ga tsarin MLO (Multi-Link Operation), wanda aka ayyana a cikin ƙayyadaddun WiFi 7 da ba da damar na'urori su karɓa da aika bayanai lokaci guda ta amfani da maɓalli da tashoshi daban-daban, alal misali, don kafa tashoshin sadarwa da yawa a lokaci guda tsakanin wurin samun damar zuwa na'urar abokin ciniki.
  • An inganta aikin ƙa'idar TLS da aka gina a cikin kwaya.
  • An ƙara zaɓin layin umarni na kernel "sunan mai watsa shiri=" don ba da damar saita sunan mai watsa shiri da wuri a cikin aikin taya, kafin a fara abubuwan sararin samaniyar mai amfani.
• Kayan aiki
  • Direban i915 (Intel) yana ba da tallafi ga Intel Arc (DG2/Alchemist) A750 da A770 katunan bidiyo masu hankali. An gabatar da fara aiwatar da tallafi ga Intel Ponte Vecchio (Xe-HPC) da Meteor Lake GPUs. Aiki yana ci gaba da tallafawa dandalin Intel Raptor Lake.
  • Direban amdgpu ya ci gaba da ba da tallafi ga dandamalin AMD RDNA3 (RX 7000) da CDNA (Instinct).
  • Direban Nouveau ya sake yin aikin lambar tallafi don injunan nuni na NVIDIA nv50 GPU.
  • An ƙara sabon direban Logicvc DRM don allon LogiCVC.
  • Direban v3d (na Broadcom Video Core GPU) yana goyan bayan allon Rasberi Pi 4.
  • Ƙara tallafi don Qualcomm Adreno 619 GPU zuwa direban msm.
  • Ƙara tallafi don ARM Mali Valhall GPU zuwa direban Panfrost.
  • Ƙara goyon baya na farko don masu sarrafawa na Qualcomm Snapdragon 8cx Gen3 da aka yi amfani da su a cikin kwamfyutocin Lenovo ThinkPad X13s.
  • Ƙara direbobin sauti don AMD Raphael (Ryzen 7000), AMD Jadeite, Intel Meteor Lake da dandamali na Mediatek MT8186.
  • Ƙara goyon baya ga Intel Habana Gaudi 2 injin koyo accelerators.
  • Ƙara tallafi don ARM SoC Allwinner H616, NXP i.MX93, Sunplus SP7021, Nuvoton NPCM8XX, Marvell Prestera 98DX2530, Google Chameleon v3.

A lokaci guda kuma, Gidauniyar Software na Kyauta ta Latin Amurka ta kirkiro sigar kwaya mai kyauta ta 6.0 - Linux-libre 6.0-gnu, wacce aka share daga abubuwan firmware da direbobi waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ba su da kyauta ko sassan lambar, wanda iyakarsa shine. iyakance ta masana'anta. Sabon sakin yana hana amfani da tsummoki a cikin CS35L41 HD- direban audio da direban UCSI don masu sarrafa STM32G0. Fayilolin DTS na kwakwalwan Qualcomm da MediaTek an goge su. An sake yin naƙasasshen tsummoki a cikin direban MediaTek MT76. An sabunta lambar tsaftacewa a cikin AMDGPU, Adreno, Tegra VIC, Netronome NFP da direbobin Habanalabs Gaudi2 da na'urori. Dakatar da tsaftace direban VXGE, wanda aka cire daga kwaya.

source: budenet.ru