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Linux 6.1 kernel saki

Bayan watanni biyu na haɓakawa, Linus Torvalds ya gabatar da sakin Linux kernel 6.1. Daga cikin mafi mashahuri canje-canje: goyon baya ga ci gaban da direbobi da kayayyaki a cikin Rust harshe, na zamani tsarin domin kayyade amfani da shafukan memory, wani musamman memory manajan ga BPF shirye-shirye, da tsarin don bincikar memory matsaloli KMSAN, da KCFI (Kernelk Control). -Flow Integrity) tsarin kariya, gabatarwar bishiyar tsarin Maple.

Sabuwar sigar ta ƙunshi gyare-gyare 15115 daga masu haɓakawa 2139, girman facin shine 51 MB, wanda ya kai kusan sau 2 ƙasa da girman faci daga kernels 6.0 da 5.19. Canje-canjen sun shafi fayiloli 13165, an ƙara layukan lamba 716247, kuma an share layukan 304560. Kimanin kashi 45% na duk canje-canjen da aka gabatar a cikin 6.1 suna da alaƙa da direbobin na'ura, kusan 14% na canje-canje suna da alaƙa da sabunta lambar musamman ga gine-ginen kayan aiki, 14% suna da alaƙa da tarin cibiyar sadarwa, 3% suna da alaƙa da tsarin fayil, da 3% suna da alaƙa da tsarin kernel na ciki.

Mabuɗin sabbin abubuwa a cikin kernel 6.1:

  • Ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da sabis na tsarin
    • An ƙara ikon amfani da Rust azaman harshe na biyu don haɓaka direbobi da samfuran kwaya. Babban dalilin tallafawa Rust shine don sauƙaƙe rubuta amintattun direbobin na'urori masu inganci ta hanyar rage yuwuwar yin kurakurai yayin aiki tare da ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. An kashe tallafin tsatsa ta tsohuwa kuma baya haifar da shigar da tsatsa azaman dogaron ginin kwaya da ake buƙata. Ya zuwa yanzu kernel ɗin ya karɓi ƙaramin sigar faci, wanda aka rage daga layin lamba 40 zuwa 13, kuma yana ba da mafi ƙanƙanta mafi ƙanƙanta, wanda ya isa ya gina tsarin kernel mai sauƙi da aka rubuta a cikin yaren Rust. A nan gaba, an shirya don haɓaka ayyukan da ake da su a hankali, canja wurin wasu canje-canje daga reshen Rust-for-Linux. A layi daya, ana haɓaka ayyukan don amfani da abubuwan da aka tsara don haɓaka direbobi don abubuwan tafiyar NVMe, ka'idar hanyar sadarwa ta 9p da Apple M1 GPU a cikin yaren Rust.
    • Don tsarin da ya dogara da AArch64, RISC-V da kuma tsarin gine-ginen LoongArch tare da EFI, an aiwatar da ikon ɗaukar hotunan kwaya kai tsaye. Ƙara masu sarrafa don lodawa, gudana da sauke hotunan kwaya, wanda ake kira kai tsaye daga EFI zboot. Hakanan an ƙara masu sarrafa ka'idoji don girka da share ƙa'idodi daga ma'ajin ƙididdiga na EFI. A baya can, an cire kayan aiki ta hanyar bootloader daban, amma yanzu ana iya yin hakan ta hanyar mai kula da kwaya da kanta - hoton kernel an kafa shi azaman aikace-aikacen EFI.
    • Abun da ke ciki ya haɗa da ɓangaren faci tare da aiwatar da tsarin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai yawa, wanda ke ba ku damar raba bankunan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya tare da halaye daban-daban. Misali, ana iya adana shafukan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin mafi saurin žwažwalwar ajiya, yayin da shafukan da ba a cika amfani da su ba za a iya adana su a cikin žwažwalwar ajiyar ajiya. Kernel 6.1 yana gabatar da wata hanya don tantance inda shafukan da aka yi amfani da su sosai suke a cikin jinkirin ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta yadda za a iya ciyar da su zuwa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya mai sauri, kuma yana gabatar da ra'ayi na gaba ɗaya na matakan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da aikin dangi.
    • Ya haɗa da tsarin MGLRU (Multi-Generational LRU), wanda ya maye gurbin tsohuwar LRU (Ƙaramar Kwanan nan An Yi Amfani da shi) bisa layukan layi guda biyu tare da tsarin matakai masu yawa wanda ya fi dacewa da ainihin shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ake amfani da su kuma wanda za'a iya tura shi zuwa. partition din musanya.
    • Ƙara goyon baya ga tsarin bayanan "itacen maple" wanda injiniyoyin Oracle suka gabatar, wanda aka sanya shi a matsayin madaidaicin maye gurbin tsarin "bishiyar ja-baki". Maple itace bambance-bambancen itacen B wanda ke goyan bayan kididdigar kewayo kuma an tsara shi don yin ingantaccen amfani da cache na masu sarrafawa na zamani. An riga an canza wasu ƙananan tsarin sarrafa ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya zuwa itacen maple, wanda ya yi tasiri mai kyau akan aikin su. A nan gaba, ana iya amfani da itacen maple don aiwatar da kulle kewayon.
    • An ƙara ikon ƙirƙirar shirye-shiryen BPF "lalata" waɗanda aka tsara musamman don fara kashewar gaggawa ta hanyar kiran crash_kexec() zuwa tsarin tsarin BPF. Ana iya buƙatar irin waɗannan shirye-shiryen BPF don dalilai na gyara kuskure don fara ƙirƙirar juji a wani lokaci cikin lokaci. Don samun dama ga ayyuka masu lalacewa lokacin loda shirin BPF, dole ne ku saka tutar BPF_F_DESTRUCTIVE, kunna sysctl kernel.destructive_bpf_enabled, kuma kuna da haƙƙin CAP_SYS_BOOT.
    • Don shirye-shiryen BPF, yana yiwuwa a ƙididdige abubuwan rukuni, da kuma ƙididdige albarkatu (fayil, vma, matakai, da sauransu) na takamaiman zaren ko ɗawainiya. An aiwatar da sabon nau'in taswira don ƙirƙirar buffers na masu amfani.
    • Ƙara kira na musamman don rabon ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin shirye-shiryen BPF (ƙwaƙwalwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya), wanda ke ba da mafi aminci rabon ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya a cikin mahallin BPF fiye da daidaitaccen kmalloc().
    • An haɗa ɓangaren farko na canje-canje, yana ba da damar ƙirƙirar direbobi don na'urorin shigarwa tare da HID (Na'urar Interface Device), wanda aka aiwatar a cikin nau'i na shirye-shiryen BPF.
    • Kwayar ta cire gaba ɗaya lambar don tallafawa tsarin fayil ɗin a.out da za a iya aiwatarwa, wanda aka soke a cikin sakin 5.1 kuma an kashe shi don manyan gine-gine tun nau'ikan 5.18 da 5.19. Tsarin a.out ya daɗe a kan tsarin Linux, kuma ƙirƙirar fayilolin a.out ba su da tallafi ta kayan aikin zamani a cikin saitunan Linux na asali. Ana iya aiwatar da loda don fayilolin a.out gaba ɗaya a cikin sarari mai amfani.
    • Don tsarin da ya danganta da tsarin tsarin koyarwa na LoongArch da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin na'urori na Loongson 3 5000 da aiwatar da sabon RISC ISA, mai kama da MIPS da RISC-V, ana aiwatar da goyan bayan abubuwan ma'auni (al'amuran perf), kexec, kdump da BPF JIT. .
    • Io_uring asynchronous I/O interface yana ba da sabon yanayi, IORING_SETUP_DEFER_TASKRUN, wanda ke ba da damar jinkirin aikin da ke da alaƙa da zobe na ɗan lokaci har sai an yi buƙatar aikace-aikacen, wanda za a iya amfani da shi don batch aiki da kuma guje wa matsalolin latency saboda preemption. lokacin kuskure.
    • Ana ba da tsari a cikin sarari mai amfani ikon fara jujjuya kewayon shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya na yau da kullun zuwa saitin manyan shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya (Mai Girma-Shafukan Fassara).
    • Ƙaddara aiwatar da na'urar / dev/userfaultfd, wanda ke ba da damar yin amfani da ayyuka na kiran tsarin userfaultfd() ta amfani da haƙƙin samun dama a cikin FS. Ayyukan userfaultfd yana ba ka damar ƙirƙira masu aiki don samun dama ga shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya da ba a keɓancewa ba (laikan shafi) a cikin sararin mai amfani.
    • Abubuwan buƙatun don sigar GNU Make mai amfani an haɓaka - aƙalla sigar 3.82 yanzu ana buƙatar don gina kernel.
  • Tsarin Disk, I/O da Tsarin Fayil
    • An inganta ingantaccen aiki ga tsarin fayil ɗin Btrfs; a tsakanin sauran abubuwa, aikin kiran FIEMAP ioctl ya ƙaru da umarni na girma. Ƙara goyon baya don asynchronous buffered rubuto don aikace-aikace ta amfani da io_uring. Ƙara goyon baya don fayilolin da aka kare tare da fs-verity zuwa aikin "aika".
    • Tsarin fayil na ext4 ya kara inganta aikin da ya shafi kula da mujallu da aiki na karantawa kawai.
    • Tsarin fayil ɗin EROFS (Ingantattun Tsarin Fayil na Karatu-Kawai), wanda aka ƙera don amfani akan ɓangarorin da ake samun dama ga yanayin karantawa kawai, yana aiwatar da ikon raba bayanan kwafi a cikin tsarin fayil daban-daban.
    • An ƙara tsarin kiran tsarin statx() don nuna bayani game da ko ana iya amfani da I/O kai tsaye zuwa fayil.
    • An ƙara tallafi don ƙirƙirar fayilolin wucin gadi tare da tutar O_TMPFILE zuwa tsarin FUSE (Tsarin Fayiloli a cikin Sararin Mai amfani).
  • Hankali da Tsaro
    • An maye gurbin aiwatar da tsarin kariya na CFI (Control Flow Integrity), tare da ƙara bincike kafin kowane kira kai tsaye don gano wasu nau'ikan halayen da ba a bayyana ba wanda zai iya haifar da cin zarafin tsarin aiwatarwa na yau da kullun (gudanar sarrafawa) sakamakon amfani da abubuwan amfani waɗanda ke canza masu nuni zuwa ayyuka da aka adana a ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya. Daidaitaccen aiwatar da CFI daga aikin LLVM an maye gurbinsu da wani zaɓi kuma dangane da amfani da Clang, amma an daidaita shi musamman don kare ƙananan ƙananan matakai da kernels na tsarin aiki. A cikin LLVM, za a ba da sabon aiwatarwa a cikin sakin Clang 16 kuma za a kunna tare da zaɓin "-fsanitize=kcfi". Bambanci mai mahimmanci tare da sabon aiwatarwa shine cewa ba a haɗa shi da haɓakawa lokaci-lokaci (LTO) kuma baya haifar da maye gurbin masu nunin aiki ta hanyar haɗin gwiwa a cikin tebur mai tsalle.
    • Don kayan aikin LSM (Module Tsaro na Linux), yana yiwuwa a ƙirƙira masu kula da su da ke katse ayyuka don ƙirƙirar wuraren suna.
    • Ana samar da kayan aiki don tabbatar da sa hannun dijital PKCS#7 a cikin shirye-shiryen BPF.
    • Ikon buɗewa a cikin yanayin da ba tare da toshewa ba (O_NONBLOCK), wanda aka cire ba da gangan ba a cikin kernel 5.6, an mayar da shi zuwa /dev/random.
    • A kan tsarin tare da gine-ginen x86, an ƙara faɗakarwa idan ana yin taswirar shafukan ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya ta tsarin kernel waɗanda ke ba da izinin aiwatarwa da rubutu lokaci guda. A nan gaba, ana la'akari da yiwuwar hana irin wannan taswirar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya gaba ɗaya.
    • Ƙaddara KMSAN (Kernel Memory Sanitizer) na'urar gyara kurakurai don gano amfani da ƙwaƙwalwar da ba a fara ba a cikin kwaya, da kuma ɓarnar ƙwaƙwalwar da ba ta fara ba tsakanin sararin mai amfani da na'urori.
    • An sami haɓakawa ga janareta na lambar bazuwar CRNG mai aminci da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin kiran getrandom. Jason A. Donenfeld, marubucin VPN WireGuard ne ya shirya sauye-sauyen, kuma an yi nufin inganta tsaro na hakar intiger na bazuwar.
  • Tsarin hanyar sadarwa
    • Tarin TCP yana ba da damar (nakasassu ta tsohuwa) don amfani da teburin zanta na soket daban don kowane sarari suna, wanda ke haɓaka aiki akan tsarin tare da adadi mai yawa na wuraren suna.
    • Cire lambar don tallafawa ƙa'idar DECnet ta gado. Ana barin stubs API na sarari mai amfani don ba da damar haɗa aikace-aikacen da ke amfani da DECnet, amma waɗannan aikace-aikacen ba za su iya haɗawa da hanyar sadarwa ba.
    • An rubuta ka'idar netlink.
  • Kayan aiki
    • Direban amdgpu ya ƙara goyan baya ga DSC (Display Stream Compression) isarwa don matsawar bayanai marasa asara lokacin musayar bayanai tare da allon da ke goyan bayan babban ƙuduri. Aiki yana ci gaba da ba da tallafi ga dandamali na AMD RDNA3 (RX 7000) da CDNA (Instinct). Ƙara tallafi don DCN 3.2, SMU 13.x, NBIO 7.7, GC 11.x, PSP 13.x, SDMA 6.x da GMC 11.x IP abubuwan. Direban amdkfd (na AMD GPUs masu hankali kamar Polaris) yana ba da tallafi ga GFX 11.0.3.
    • Direban i915 (Intel) ya haɗa da tallafi don Meteor Lake GPU. Tekun Meteor da sabbin GPUs suna goyan bayan DP 2.0 (DisplayPort) dubawa. Ƙarin abubuwan ganowa don katunan bidiyo dangane da microarchitecture na Alder Lake S.
    • Ƙarin tallafi don ƙananan tsarin sauti da aka aiwatar a cikin Apple Silicon, Intel SkyLake da na'urori masu sarrafawa na Intel KabyLake. Direban mai jiwuwa na CS35L41 HDA yana goyan bayan yanayin barci. Ƙara goyon bayan ASoC (ALSA System on Chip) don haɗaɗɗen kwakwalwan sauti na Apple Silicon, AMD Rembrant DSPs, AMD Pink Sardine ACP 6.2, Everest ES8326, Intel Sky Lake da Kaby Lake, Mediatek MT8186, NXP i.MX8ULP DSPs, Qualcomm SC8280, SM SM8250 da Texas Instruments SRC8450
    • Ƙarin tallafi don bangarorin LCD Samsung LTL101AL01, B120XAN01.0, R140NWF5 RH, Densitron DMT028VGHMCMI-1A TFT, AUO B133UAN02.1, IVO M133NW4J-R3, Innolux N120AAUK1,ANCO-116 01.6WH M-N116, INX N21BCA- EA116 , INX N2BCN-EA116, Fasaha ta Multi-Inno MI1FT-0800.
    • Ƙara goyon baya ga AHCI SATA masu kula da aka yi amfani da su a cikin Baikal-T1 SoC.
    • Supportara tallafi don kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Bluetooth MediaTek MT7921, Intel Magnetor (CNVi, Haɗin Haɗin kai), Realtek RTL8852C, RTW8852AE da RTL8761BUV (Edimax BT-8500).
    • Direban ath11k na ƙirar mara waya ta Qualcomm ya ƙara tallafi don sikanin sikandire a cikin kewayon 160 MHz, aiwatar da NAPI mai zaren da yawa, da ingantaccen tallafi ga kwakwalwan kwamfuta na Qualcomm WCN6750 Wi-Fi.
    • Haɓaka direbobi don madannai na PinePhone, InterTouch touchpads (ThinkPad P1 G3), X-Box Adaptive Controller, PhoenixRC Mai Kula da Jirgin sama, VRC-2 Mai Kula da Mota, DualSense Edge Controller, IBM Operation Panel, XBOX One Elite remotes, Allunan XP-PEN Deco Pro S da Intuos Pro Small (PTH-460).
    • Haɓaka direba don Aspeed HACE (Hash da Injin Crypto) masu haɓaka cryptographic.
    • Ƙara goyon baya don haɗaɗɗen Thunderbolt/USB4 Intel Meteor Lake masu kula.
    • Ƙara tallafi don Sony Xperia 1 IV, Samsung Galaxy E5, E7 da Grand Max, Pine64 Pinephone Pro wayowin komai da ruwan.
    • Supportara tallafi don ARM SoC da allo: AMD DaytonaX, Mediatek MT8186, Rockchips RK3399 da RK3566, TI AM62A, NXP i.MX8DXL, Renesas R-Car H3Ne-1.7G, Qualcomm IPQ8064-v2.0, IPQ8062nSL 8065, IPQ8 BL i.MX8195MM OSM-S, MT4 (Acer Tumatir), Radxa ROCK 4C+, NanoPi R1S Enterprise Edition, JetHome JetHub DXNUMXp. Sabbin direbobi don SoC Samsung, Mediatek, Renesas, Tegra, Qualcomm, Broadcom da NXP.

A lokaci guda kuma, Gidauniyar Software ta Kyauta ta Latin Amurka ta kirkiro sigar kwaya mai kyauta ta 6.1 - Linux-libre 6.1-gnu, share abubuwan firmware da direbobi waɗanda ke ɗauke da abubuwan da ba su da kyauta ko sassan lambar, wanda iyakarsa shine. iyakance ta masana'anta. Sabuwar sakin tana tsaftace sabon direban rtw8852b da fayilolin DTS don Qualcomm da MediaTek SoCs daban-daban tare da masu sarrafawa dangane da gine-ginen AArch64. An sabunta lambar tsaftacewa ta bulo a cikin direbobi da subsystems amdgpu, i915, bcmfmac, r8188eu, rtw8852c, Intel ACPI. An gyara goge tsoffin direbobin tm6000 TV katunan, cpia2 v4l, sp8870, av7110.

source: budenet.ru

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