Geoff Huston, babban injiniyan bincike a APNIC Internet Registrar, ya yi hasashen cewa adiresoshin IPv4 za su ƙare a cikin 2020. A cikin sabon jerin kayan, za mu sabunta bayanin yadda adiresoshin suka ƙare, waɗanda har yanzu suke da su da kuma dalilin da ya sa hakan ya faru.
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Me yasa adiresoshin ke ƙarewa
Kafin mu ci gaba da labarin yadda tafkin IPv4 ya bushe, bari mu ɗan yi magana game da dalilan. A cikin 1983, gabatarwar TCP/IP yayi amfani da adireshin 32-bit. Yayin
A lokaci guda, a cikin 80s, ƙungiyoyi da yawa sun sami ƙarin adireshi fiye da yadda suke bukata. Yawancin kamfanoni har yanzu suna amfani da adiresoshin jama'a don sabar da ke aiki keɓantaccen hanyar sadarwar gida. Yaduwar fasahohin wayar hannu, Intanet na abubuwa da kuma sanin yakamata ya kara mai a cikin wuta. Ƙididdigar ƙididdige yawan adadin runduna a cikin WAN da rashin ingantaccen adireshi sun haifar da ƙarancin IPv4.
Ta yaya adiresoshin suka ƙare?
Farkon XNUMX daraktan APNIC Paul Wilson
2011 shekara: Kamar yadda Wilson ya annabta, mai rejista na Intanet na APNIC (mai alhakin yankin Asiya-Pacific) yana da na ƙarshe.
2012 shekara: Rajistar Intanet ta Turai RIPE ce ta sanar da raguwar tafkin. Har ila yau, ya fara rarraba katanga / 8 na ƙarshe. Kungiyar ta bi misalin APNIC kuma ta gabatar da tsauraran matakai kan rarraba IPv4. A cikin 2015, RIPE yana da adiresoshin kyauta miliyan 16 kawai. A yau, adadin ya ragu sosai.
Sabbin abubuwa guda biyu daga shafin mu na Habré:
2013 shekara: Jeff Huston na APNIC akan blog
2015 shekara: ARIN
2017 shekara: Game da dakatar da bayar da adireshi
2019 shekara: A yau, duk masu rijista suna da ƙaramin adadin adireshi da suka rage. Ana ci gaba da tafkuna da ruwa saboda adiresoshin da ba a yi amfani da su ba ana mayar da su lokaci-lokaci zuwa wurare dabam dabam. Misali, a MIT
Menene gaba
An yi imani da cewa IPv4 adiresoshin
Fassara Adireshin Sadarwar Sadarwa (NAT) yana ba ku damar fassara adiresoshin gida da yawa zuwa adireshin waje ɗaya. Matsakaicin adadin tashoshin jiragen ruwa shine 65. A ka'ida, ana iya tsara adadin adiresoshin gida guda ɗaya zuwa adireshin jama'a ɗaya (idan ba ku yi la'akari da wasu gazawar aiwatar da NAT ɗaya ba).
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ISPs na iya juyawa zuwa mafita na musamman - Carrier Grade NAT. Suna ba ku damar sarrafa adiresoshin gida da na waje na masu biyan kuɗi kuma suna iyakance adadin tashoshin TCP da UDP da ke akwai ga abokan ciniki. Don haka, ana rarraba tashoshin jiragen ruwa tsakanin masu amfani da inganci, kuma akwai kariya daga hare-haren DDoS.
Daga cikin rashin amfani na NAT, za a iya gano matsalolin da ke da matsala tare da firewalls. Duk zaman mai amfani suna tafiya akan layi daga fari guda ɗaya. Ya bayyana cewa abokin ciniki ɗaya ne kawai zai iya aiki tare da rukunin yanar gizon da ke ba da damar yin amfani da sabis ta hanyar IP. Bugu da ƙari, albarkatun na iya tunanin cewa yana ƙarƙashin harin DoS kuma yana kusa da samun dama ga duk abokan ciniki.
Madadin NAT shine canzawa zuwa IPv6. Waɗannan adiresoshin za su daɗe na dogon lokaci, kuma yana da fa'idodi da yawa. Misali, ginannen bangaren IPSec wanda ke ɓoye fakitin bayanan mutum ɗaya.
Ya zuwa yanzu, IPv6
Za mu yi magana game da wannan a gaba.
Abin da muka rubuta game da shi a cikin VAS Experts blog:
source: www.habr.com