Girman adadin transistor akan kwakwalwan kwamfuta yana ci gaba da bin dokar Moore

Abubuwan da ke hana ci gaban samar da semiconductor baya kama da shinge, amma tsayin bango. Kuma duk da haka masana'antar tana ci gaba mataki-mataki, bin kwararan hujjoji da aka samu shekaru 55 da suka gabata. Dokokin Gordon Moore. Ko da yake tare da ajiyar kuɗi, adadin transistor a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta yana ci gaba da ninkawa kowace shekara biyu.

Don kada a rasa tushe ta hanyar nazarin IC Insights ya buga rahoto akan yanayin kasuwar semiconductor a cikin 2020. Rahoton ya ƙunshi tarihin ci gaban manyan kasuwanni tun 71: ƙwaƙwalwar DRAM, ƙwaƙwalwar filashin NAND, microprocessors da masu sarrafa hoto.

Manazarta sun lura cewa a cikin shekaru 10 zuwa 15 da suka gabata, abubuwa kamar amfani da wutar lantarki da iyakancewar ƙima sun fara tasiri mai ƙarfi da haɓaka ƙimar adadin transistor a cikin wasu samfuran haɗin gwiwa. Amma gaba ɗaya, sababbin abubuwan da suka faru da sababbin hanyoyin da aka tsara da kuma samar da kwakwalwan kwamfuta sun ba mu damar ƙidaya akan ci gaba da kiyaye dokar Moore.

Don haka, adadin transistor a cikin kwakwalwan kwamfuta na DRAM ya karu da kusan kashi 2000% a kowace shekara a farkon shekarun 45, amma ya ragu zuwa 2016% a kowace shekara tun daga 20 tare da gabatar da kwakwalwan ƙwaƙwalwar 16-Gbit daga Samsung. Ma'aunin DDR5, wanda har yanzu JEDEC ke kammalawa, zai haɗa da na'urori guda ɗaya masu ƙarfin 24 Gbit, 32 Gbit da 64 Gbit, wanda shine sabon tsalle-tsalle.

Girman shekara-shekara a yawan ƙwaƙwalwar walƙiya ya kasance a 2012-55% a kowace shekara har zuwa 60, amma tun daga lokacin ya ƙi zuwa 30-35% a kowace shekara. Don guntuwar ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar filasha, mafi girman yawa shine 128 Gbit (bayani kamar na Janairu 2020). Amma matsakaicin girman guntu na 3D NAND ya kai 1,33 Tbit don ƙwaƙwalwar Layer 96 tare da rago huɗu ta tantanin halitta (QLC). A ƙarshen shekara, 1,5 Tbit 128-Layer microcircuits an yi alkawarin bayyana, tare da haɓaka ƙarfin zuwa 2 Tbit.

Yawan transistor a cikin microprocessors na Intel PC ya karu da kusan 2010% a kowace shekara har zuwa 40, amma wannan adadi ya ragu da rabi a cikin shekaru masu zuwa. Adadin transistor yana ci gaba da girma a cikin na'urorin sarrafa sabar kamfanin. Wannan ci gaban ya tsaya a tsakiyar shekara ta 2000 amma tun daga lokacin ya ci gaba da kusan kashi 25% a kowace shekara. Intel ya dakatar da bayyana bayanan ƙididdigar transistor a cikin 2017.

Yawan transistor a cikin na'urorin sarrafa aikace-aikacen Apple a cikin wayowin komai da ruwan iPhone da kwamfutar hannu iPad ya karu da kashi 2013% a kowace shekara tun daga 43. Wannan adadi ya ƙunshi bayanai daga na'urar sarrafa A13 tare da transistor biliyan 8,5. Ana sa ran Apple zai gabatar da iPad Pro wanda sabon processor A2020X zai yi aiki a farkon rabin 13.

GPUs masu girma na NVIDIA suna da ƙididdige yawan transistor. Ba kamar microprocessors ba, GPUs, tare da mafi girman darajar su na daidaici na gine-gine, ba su ƙunshi adadi mai yawa na ƙwaƙwalwar ajiyar cache ba, suna barin ɗaki mai yawa don dabaru (transistor). Ci gaba da mayar da hankalin kamfanin kan koyon injina da masu haɓaka AI za su ƙara rura wutar wannan yanayin ne kawai.

source: 3dnews.ru