An yarda gabaɗaya cewa yarukan shirye-shirye kamar Rust, Erlang, Dart, da wasu wasu sune mafi ƙarancin duniya a cikin IT. Tun da na zaɓi ƙwararrun IT don kamfanoni, koyaushe ina hulɗa da ƙwararrun IT da masu ɗaukar ma'aikata, na yanke shawarar gudanar da bincike na sirri kuma in gano ko da gaske haka lamarin yake. Bayanin ya dace da kasuwar IT ta Rasha.
Tarin bayanai
Don tattara bayanai, na yi nazarin adadin guraben da ke buƙatar ƙwarewar harshe a matsayin abin da ake bukata, da kuma yawan adadin ci gaba da wannan fasaha. Na tattara bayanai akan Linkedin, akan HeadHunter, ta amfani da sabis na Hayar Amazing. Ina kuma da kididdigar sirri kan aikace-aikacen hukumar ta.
Gabaɗaya, bincike na ya shafi harsuna takwas.
Rust
Kididdigar duniya: Bisa kididdigar da aka yi kamar yadda na 2018, Rust ya ɗauki matsayi na farko (na shekara ta uku a jere) a cikin jerin harsunan da aka fi so a tsakanin masu haɓakawa da matsayi na shida a cikin jerin harsunan mafi tsada dangane da albashi ($ 69 a kowace shekara). ).
Duk da cewa harshen ya shahara a duniya, a cikin Rasha har yanzu ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin yarukan shirye-shiryen da ba a sani ba.
A cikin mahimman ƙwarewa, an sami ilimin Rust tsakanin ƙwararrun 319 akan Headhunter da 360 akan Linkedin. Koyaya, masu haɓakawa 24 ne kawai suka sanya kansu akan Headhunter azaman masu haɓaka Rust. An yi imani da asirce cewa kamfanoni biyu ne kawai a Rasha suka rubuta a cikin Rust. Kamfanoni 32 akan Headhunter da 17 akan Linkedin suna ba da ayyukan yi ga masu haɓaka Rust.
Hukumar tawa tana karɓar aikace-aikace akai-akai don matsayin masu haɓaka Rust. Duk da haka, akwai ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun da na riga na yi tunanin cewa na san duk ƙwararrun ci gaban Rust a cikin ƙasar. Don haka, game da yaren Rust, ƴan takara da yawa suna sha'awar guraben aikin sun mallaki harshen yayin da suke kammala ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
erlang
Bisa kididdigar da aka yi Erlang bai yi nisa a bayan Tsatsa ba kuma an haɗa shi cikin kowane nau'in martaba. A cikin jerin harsunan da aka fi so a tsakanin masu haɓakawa, Erlang yana da matsayi na ashirin da ɗaya, kuma dangane da albashi, Erlang ya biyo baya nan da nan bayan Rust, yana ɗaukar matsayi na bakwai ($ 67 a kowace shekara).
Headhunter yana da tayin ayyuka 67 ga masu haɓakawa tare da ilimin Erlang. A Linkedin - 38. Idan muka yi magana game da yawan ci gaba, kawai 55 developers a kan Headhunter da kai tsaye ilmi Erlang a matsayin key harshe (an nuna a cikin take), da 38 kwararru da Erlang a cikin aikin take a kan Linkedin.
Haka kuma, akwai wani hali na hayar samarin da suka mallaki Go ko Golang wanda Google ya kirkira maimakon Erlang developers, tunda akwai su da yawa kuma albashin ya ragu. Koyaya, ra'ayina na sirri (dangane da bayanai daga hukumar ta) shine Go ba zai maye gurbin Erlang ba, saboda ainihin manyan ayyuka da hadaddun ayyuka Erlang harshe ne mai mahimmanci.
Kunƙwasa
An fi amfani dashi wajen haɓaka wasan. A zahiri babu guraben aiki (a zahiri ɗaya akan Headhunter). A kan Linkedin, kamfanoni biyu ne kawai ke buƙatar sanin wannan harshe. Idan muka yi magana game da tsari, kusan ɗari biyu masu haɓakawa sun nuna ilimin wannan harshe akan Linkedin, 109 akan Headhunter, wanda mutane 10 sun haɗa da ilimin Haxe a cikin taken ci gaba. Ya bayyana cewa harshen shirye-shiryen Haxe yana da ƙarancin buƙata akan kasuwar Rasha. Abin da ake samarwa ya wuce buƙata.
Dart
Google ne ya ƙirƙira. Harshen yana ƙara shahara a kasuwa. Akwai guraben aiki guda 10 da aka buga akan Headhunter da 8 akan Linkedin, amma masu ɗaukan ma'aikata basa buƙatar wannan yare a cikin jerin manyan ƙwarewa. Babban yanayin shine tushe mai ƙarfi a cikin Javascript da ƙwararriyar hanya don magance matsaloli.
Adadin masu haɓakawa da suka saba da yaren shirye-shiryen shine 275, amma kuma mutane 11 ne kawai suka ɗauki Dart babban ƙwarewarsu. A kan Linkedin, mutane 124 sun ambaci yaren ta wata hanya a ci gaba da karatunsu.
Kwarewar mutum da ƙididdiga daga hukumara sun nuna cewa manyan kamfanonin IT sun riga sun yi amfani da wannan harshe. Wannan yana nuna cewa nan ba da jimawa ba za a cire shi daga jerin harsunan shirye-shiryen da ba kasafai ba. Af, kwararrun da ke magana da harshen Dart suna "daraja" da yawa a kasuwa.
F#
Yaren shirye-shirye da ba kasafai ba. Microsoft ne ya haɓaka. A cikin Rasha, kamfanoni kaɗan ne kawai (12 akan HH da 7 akan Linkedin) suna neman F# programmer. A wasu lokuta, ilimin harshe na zaɓi ne. Af, yawan masu haɓakawa tare da ilimin F # yana girma a hankali. Harshen ma ya bayyana a cikin sabon matsayi . Yana matsayi na tara a cikin jerin harsunan da aka fi so a tsakanin masu haɓakawa, kuma dangane da albashi ya kasance na farko ($ 74 a kowace shekara).
Idan muka yi magana game da adadin ci gaba da aka buga, akwai 253 daga cikinsu akan Headhunter, amma ƙwararrun ƙwararru kaɗan ne ke ɗaukar F # a matsayin babban yaren su. Mutane uku ne kawai suka haɗa da ilimin F# a cikin taken karatun su. A kan Linkedin, lamarin ya yi kama da: 272 masu haɓakawa sun ambaci F# a cikin fayil ɗin su, wanda shida kawai ke da F # da aka jera a cikin taken aikin su.
Alkalumman sune kamar haka:
Jimlar adadin guraben aiki shine 122 akan Headhunter da 72 akan Linkedin. Yaren da ya fi shahara a cikin waɗanda aka yi nazarin shi ne Erlang. Fiye da 50% na kamfanoni suna buƙatar sanin Erlang. Haxe ya zama yare mafi ƙarancin shahara. 1% da 3% na kamfanoni akan Headhunter da Linkedin suna neman kwararru tare da ilimin Haxe, bi da bi.
Dangane da adadin ci gaba da aka buga, lamarin kusan iri daya ne. Daga cikin 1644 da aka sake bugawa akan Headhunter, sama da kashi arba'in (688) suna da alaƙa da Erlang; ƙwararrun masu haɓaka Haxe ne suka buga mafi ƙarancin ci gaba (7%). Bayanan da aka samu daga Linkedin ya ɗan bambanta. Maza waɗanda suka mallaki Dart ne suka buga mafi ƙarancin adadin ci gaba. Daga cikin fayilolin 1894, 124 kawai suna da alaƙa da ci gaban Dart.
Opa, Fantom, Zimbu
Na yanke shawarar hada duk waɗannan harsuna guda uku zuwa abu ɗaya don dalili ɗaya mai sauƙi - harsunan gaske na gaske. Babu guraben aiki kuma kusan babu ci gaba. Kuna iya ƙidaya a hannu ɗaya adadin masu haɓakawa waɗanda suka jera kowane ɗayan waɗannan harsuna a cikin ƙwarewar su.
Tun da waɗannan harsunan ba a haɗa su a cikin rahoton shekara-shekara na Stackoverflow ko a cikin rubuce-rubucen aiki, zan rubuta ƴan kalmomi game da menene waɗannan harsuna.
Opa - yaren shirye-shiryen yanar gizo wanda ke ƙoƙarin maye gurbin HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP nan da nan. An haɓaka a cikin 2011. Opa kyauta ne kuma a halin yanzu yana samuwa don Linux 64-bit da Mac OS X dandamali.
Fantom harshe ne na gama-gari wanda ya tattara zuwa Java Runtime Environment, JavaScript, da .NET Common Language Runtime. An haɓaka a cikin 2005.
Zimbu harshe ne na musamman kuma takamaiman wanda za'a iya amfani dashi don haɓaka kusan komai: daga aikace-aikacen GUI zuwa kernels na OS. A halin yanzu ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin harshen gwaji, ba duk ayyukan da aka haɓaka ba.
Ban da shirye-shiryen harsuna, na kuma haɗa da matsayi kwararre kan harkokin tsaro na yanar gizo. Adadin guraben aiki idan aka kwatanta da adadin ci gaba kaɗan ne (kimanin 20). Ya bayyana cewa wadatar ta zarce buƙatu (kamar yadda yake a cikin yanayin Haxe), wanda ke da alaƙa da sashin IT. Albashin kwararrun jami’an tsaron bayanai ya yi kadan. Misali, a St.
Binciken da na yi ya nuna cewa harsunan "manyan" don ƙwarewa sune: Tsatsa, Erlang, Dart - akwai bukatar, albashi mai yawa. Harsuna mafi ƙanƙanta sune Haxe, Opa, Fantom, Zimbu. F# ya shahara a ƙasashen waje; har yanzu harshen bai kama kasuwar IT ta Rasha ba.
source: www.habr.com